| 00:00 | and your reporting? Yeah. Okay folks, um let's uh you're |
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| 00:23 | your hair. I um we don't a whole lot to finish up. |
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| 00:29 | make it out of here early. uh the usual stuff. So just |
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| 00:38 | , you know, quiz. That's gonna be more and more |
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| 00:44 | I think there's 25 questions on Um What else? Smart work. |
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| 00:52 | have three. You have three. open all that stuff is available. |
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| 00:56 | did that yesterday. So you have that, all the stuff you need |
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| 00:59 | unit three. We'll start that next . Obviously the stuff we're talking about |
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| 01:04 | week is not on the exam, ? Unit three is stuff is exam |
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| 01:09 | . Uh So of course a week tomorrow, I guess exam too. |
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| 01:16 | , so um let's see the uh else had to say um exam you |
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| 01:26 | to get three, I'm sorry, is uh it's kind of touches on |
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| 01:34 | of genetics. It's not it's not lengthy unit. So uh so the |
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| 01:41 | turnaround comes not super quick, but it's not a whole ton of material |
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| 01:47 | as there is in one and So anyway, um so let's um |
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| 01:54 | with a question. This will wrap kind of what we talked about last |
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| 01:59 | . So basically I was gonna show at the end of class Tuesday, |
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| 02:04 | I decided I'll just wait. So the question. This can be a |
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| 02:09 | on that subject and we'll I'll tie up here with summarize it here with |
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| 02:19 | couple um graphs or figures. So just look at this now. So |
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| 02:24 | is about the Hi no, I'm set it excuse me, bacterial species |
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| 02:32 | can grow when supplied the energy source carbon source consisting of H 20. |
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| 02:38 | C. 02 respectively. And nitrate a kernel except er what applies uh |
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| 03:22 | , mm hmm. Mhm. Looks like we've got our we stopped |
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| 03:39 | 2 45 and then we just went . So let me go. I |
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| 03:44 | to it's beautiful. So if you're sure, but you know, at |
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| 04:08 | two of these are right, well you know what the answer is? |
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| 04:15 | , Okay. I predict 100% on . Almost, almost. Okay. |
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| 04:30 | it is all these things. All . So, we know hopefully by |
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| 04:36 | that if its carbon source is that that's autotrophs. Okay. Um I'm |
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| 04:47 | that if you know this is a except er right then it's gonna be |
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| 04:53 | to anaerobic respiration. Okay, And that can be a little |
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| 05:01 | You can call it both. Um but we make the distinction. |
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| 05:07 | we just know that hydrogen trophy as thing can also occur in Hedda |
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| 05:15 | Right, So just kind of remembering too. Okay, not all, |
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| 05:18 | some Okay, um Alright, so just real quick kind of summarizing last |
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| 05:29 | . So again, this should be favorite diagram by now. You should |
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| 05:34 | able to do this in your sleep scratch. Right? Um the and |
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| 05:41 | terms we went through last time. we kind of focused on anaerobic |
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| 05:45 | And then little trophy, hydrogen trophy . So again for the zillionth |
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| 05:52 | Right. So we're looking at so to be able to differentiate get straight |
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| 05:58 | your head, you know, are talking about electron source or the except |
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| 06:03 | right. That's going to determine what of respiration is going on. So |
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| 06:07 | look here, what's the terminal accepted the oxygen or something else? Um |
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| 06:12 | source. Right. Is it organic in other words, complex, organic |
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| 06:18 | , protein fat. Right. That are the sources for hedda troughs. |
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| 06:24 | same thing as chemo organa trophy. I've heard the term chemo head a |
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| 06:32 | . But uh are you a little ? Right. That's gonna be inorganic |
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| 06:36 | here. And so we looked kind last time at um so here are |
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| 06:42 | continuum, right. For both nitrogen , sulfur compounds which are commonly those |
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| 06:47 | of those are used both by the . Other types are used as terminal |
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| 06:52 | ear's. And so it's kind of you can compare them across the |
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| 06:57 | And so the more basically the point with both these sulfur natural compounds is |
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| 07:04 | more reduced forms are the ones used a source. It becomes oxidized and |
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| 07:09 | supply the electrons. So your ammonium , uh hydrogen sulfide, elemental |
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| 07:16 | These and the more reduced forms that oxidized. Then the more oxidized forms |
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| 07:22 | reduced and these are these are the for a terminal except er Right. |
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| 07:28 | so bacterial types Archaea, Archaea types use different combinations of these things. |
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| 07:33 | can have little tropes that use that ammonium and they can re spire using |
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| 07:39 | . You can have different combinations. depends on the species. Um And |
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| 07:45 | these terms similar Torrey dissimilar Torrey. , similar Torrey process is one in |
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| 07:53 | it leads to the organism that's doing . It holds on to that |
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| 07:58 | right? It assimilates it into its . Okay. The opposite is dissimilar |
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| 08:03 | . The process leads to the loss the molecule from the south and obviously |
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| 08:10 | that case it's free for others to it's not holding onto it. |
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| 08:14 | Um Mathon genesis So things remember about . It's strictly it's strictly a process |
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| 08:24 | only in a certain group of Okay, so um called obviously |
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| 08:31 | Okay. And so you know it a process that uses hydrogen. So |
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| 08:37 | kind of um is it hydrogen a technically? Yes. Okay because it's |
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| 08:43 | hydrogen. They're oxidizing it um but for production of methane. Okay. |
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| 08:48 | reduce CO two. So you know put the term a town genesis on |
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| 08:53 | because it refers to that specific We know that those that do this |
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| 08:57 | this keel group. Um Anyway um questions about this, the last bit |
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| 09:04 | got to do today is ah photo . Okay. And your familiarity? |
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| 09:10 | sure. Well, I know because took intro bio is uh oxygen IQ |
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| 09:18 | the way plants do it. That's what that's your introduction photosynthesis. So |
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| 09:24 | note that. Um and that's what see. My goodness Sorry about |
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| 09:32 | Um mute goodness. Okay, stop . Alright, so um let me |
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| 09:47 | so um so you're familiar with this this process here? Right. Has |
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| 09:52 | two photo systems will go through Um So cyanobacteria remember they ancestors of |
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| 10:02 | way back. Right? They're the who introduced the oxygen in the atmosphere |
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| 10:05 | through this oxygen in photosynthesis. And um has two photo systems um the |
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| 10:14 | water is the source of electrons So again, in photosynthesis we are |
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| 10:20 | talking about redox reactions, the oxidation molecules the electrons being fed into the |
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| 10:27 | . So it's all still has that concept here. Okay, um it's |
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| 10:32 | that light obviously is kind of the force behind this. Right? And |
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| 10:37 | um uh so again, I know just you've seen this, you |
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| 10:43 | you've seen this scheme before. Um when we look at bacterial types that |
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| 10:48 | than cyanobacteria that there are other types photo trophy. Beyond this. |
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| 10:56 | but um you can kind of easily them because in in this oxygen in |
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| 11:04 | we call because the process releases Um the other types have either one |
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| 11:12 | two. Right? So we have photo systems in the in in that |
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| 11:16 | this form appear that the plants, and cyanobacteria do. But then the |
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| 11:19 | types have either just one or to both. That's how we can differentiate |
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| 11:26 | . Right? So they have either the system to Okay. And we'll |
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| 11:32 | at kind of the how that operates that's an easy way to distinguish these |
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| 11:37 | bacterial types of photosynthesize. They either one or two. They don't have |
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| 11:40 | systems. Okay. And there's another , What are these guys? |
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| 11:46 | Um Very different. So you can to the ones in the green |
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| 11:51 | Okay. What I call chlorophyll based , chlorophyll based photo trophy. The |
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| 11:58 | in the red box is completely different that doesn't involve chlorophyll at all. |
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| 12:03 | thought to be a thought speculated to maybe the first photosynthetic system that evolved |
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| 12:12 | earth. Um It uh and again not a chlorophyll based type of system |
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| 12:19 | does of course involve like absorption Okay so that that's actually what we're |
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| 12:24 | start with first is the one in red box there but first let's uh |
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| 12:29 | when you see the picture before we . So these pictures here, these |
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| 12:33 | all types of santa bacteria. Santa bacteria. Very diverse group. |
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| 12:41 | can see all the different morphology. there single cells to clusters of different |
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| 12:47 | to like different arrangements of cells but very important uh in the context of |
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| 12:55 | life on this earth. I'm sure all know the importance of photosynthesis. |
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| 13:02 | . And so let's take a look this question and I'll keep rattling |
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| 13:06 | Um So you know, so we about this back in chapter one. |
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| 13:13 | think the example of a basic example the ecosystem, right? You have |
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| 13:21 | consumers producers. I'm sorry, bottom level consumers, different level of |
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| 13:27 | . Right? And so the foundation any ecosystem where you're generally you're you're |
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| 13:33 | types that are like your cyanobacteria, and plants. Okay. But certainly |
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| 13:39 | other photo tropes have their contributions as . But obviously, you know the |
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| 13:46 | of the oxygen IQ types are very . Alright. So here looking to |
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| 13:54 | So photo trophy in general, whether of whatever type of photo trophy there |
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| 14:00 | gonna be things in common among all groups, but not everything necessarily. |
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| 14:20 | . Oh sorry, keep answering. haven't stopped yet. I can see |
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| 14:27 | grass grow. Okay, I'm going hit this. Okay, so you |
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| 14:34 | let that influence your decision what you saw or not? I counting down |
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| 14:58 | 754. Alright. We got the the camel with two humps there. |
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| 15:14 | . Uh B uh um who answered As in boy. So so so |
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| 15:29 | people have their hands up, always the questions and who else answer |
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| 15:34 | You're all censored A shy one down like this. So why is it |
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| 15:44 | . You can sit back I'm asking because you had your hand up, |
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| 15:51 | said you answered B. That's a answer. Use this that's your |
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| 16:05 | Don't use the bag test we mentioned time. Right. It's okay. |
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| 16:11 | . Can anybody give you a different ? Yes, back there. |
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| 16:20 | Right. Photo Metros, don't you ? Oh to correct. See that's |
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| 16:23 | you're gonna say. Right, Okay. I should have drawn it |
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| 16:30 | . Okay. Alright. Yeah. it's fixing sio two is not necessarily |
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| 16:36 | although it's common. It's not going be applicable to all photo troughs. |
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| 16:43 | ? Because you have photos to Alright, so hetero trophy is the |
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| 16:47 | term there. Okay. Um so uh some of the stuff I |
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| 16:55 | you already know, it's just gonna more of a rehash. So um |
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| 17:00 | kind of photo trophy is going to based on having a light absorbing |
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| 17:05 | Obviously some sort of some type we're to absorb light. We're gonna capture |
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| 17:12 | energy in terms of photons of Right? Um The membrane is always |
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| 17:19 | right? In these kind of processes , right? Membrane allows you to |
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| 17:25 | a a matrix to stuff it full of these photosynthetic type pigments. Um |
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| 17:36 | as well as providing a because we're be producing a proton gradient. So |
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| 17:43 | need that membrane kind of to differentiate put protons on one side versus the |
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| 17:48 | . So um the and then of converting that light into some type of |
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| 17:54 | energy. Right. Okay. So are things that are gonna be common |
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| 18:00 | what may not be our photo analysis . Okay, so these are the |
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| 18:06 | that supply electrons to the process. . Very common. But again, |
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| 18:12 | to all photo trophy. Okay. first example we look at is one |
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| 18:17 | doesn't rely on photo analysis. so again it's the same like with |
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| 18:24 | you have an electron source, you eternal except er you have the same |
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| 18:31 | operating in a photo trophy as Okay. And so uh we can |
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| 18:39 | based on what I mentioned earlier chlorophyll versus non chlorophyll based. And we'll |
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| 18:45 | with this one first. Okay. so and that's the bacteria adoption. |
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| 18:51 | so if the adoption name rings a uh if you recall the inner workings |
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| 19:00 | the eye and rods and cones, , adoption is in there how you |
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| 19:08 | light proves that into a visual. there is some uh similarities with that |
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| 19:19 | that same adoption. And so it this system um doesn't rely on a |
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| 19:29 | much in redox. Okay. In words there's no there's not electrons feeling |
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| 19:34 | system right? It's just really absorption light energy photons of light. |
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| 19:40 | And so it's done with this protein adoption or material adoption molecule. So |
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| 19:47 | archaea or halo files or salt loving they were first found in this group |
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| 19:53 | of archaea. But since this property kind of been transferred to other bacterial |
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| 20:01 | beyond two bacterial types beyond archaea. . And this has to do with |
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| 20:06 | we'll talk about in the next unit gene transfer, right passage of genetic |
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| 20:13 | between cells. Okay. Um and that mechanism is thought to be responsible |
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| 20:19 | just for how this feature spread from to other bacteria. Uh but it's |
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| 20:28 | a system that the light absorption is out by this retinal combination of protein |
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| 20:39 | um this right now right now is light absorbing molecule. So you see |
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| 20:45 | here and it's bound conveniently linked to protein. Okay, shown in |
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| 20:54 | Okay, so so it's basically the and retinal combined together. Okay. |
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| 21:01 | the retinal is the light absorbing Alright. And so when light is |
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| 21:07 | by that right now there's a there's um configuration change around that base. |
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| 21:18 | , so it goes from assist to trans shape. Okay. And you |
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| 21:25 | the switch right here. Okay. absorption causes that. Okay. And |
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| 21:32 | because it's bound to the protein, kind of change in direct now causes |
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| 21:37 | change in the protein it's connected Okay. And that change results in |
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| 21:43 | pumping of protons. Okay, so have protons being pumped out as that |
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| 21:50 | absorption occurs. Okay then. Not here, but there will be a |
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| 21:57 | P synthesis. Okay, that will couple of proton transfer to a teepee |
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| 22:07 | . Right? The protons will then back down. Okay, so there |
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| 22:12 | uh an A. T. Sentence that is part of the process |
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| 22:15 | course. Right, so it's basically light driven proton pump. Okay. |
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| 22:20 | the energy then from that proton gradients through going to an A. |
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| 22:25 | P. S. The same Same mechanism we saw before. |
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| 22:30 | Um the canucks emotions mechanism. So now these things appear purple in |
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| 22:39 | Right, so remember like you uh an image you see the color of |
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| 22:48 | is due to the like certain light being absorbed and the other is being |
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| 22:55 | . Right? So with this it green light. Okay. And hence |
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| 23:02 | kind of purplish color. Okay, areas that are full with these bacterial |
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| 23:07 | and these are generally aquatic bacteria. waters will basically be purplish if there's |
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| 23:14 | high density growth in that water. things like the red seas has high |
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| 23:19 | concentrations and you'll see purple pools purplish within that, see that represent the |
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| 23:27 | of these organisms. Okay. Um they often call these the membranes where |
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| 23:34 | are densely packed with these um reduction purple patches because they reflect that |
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| 23:40 | Okay, so um and so one of the main things is there |
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| 23:47 | no foot tosses. So it's just once they absorb light and the proton |
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| 23:54 | pumped out then they kind of revert to the original cIS form, then |
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| 23:59 | hits it again and it repeats the process. So it just kind of |
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| 24:02 | over and over again. So there's there's no like redox going on |
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| 24:07 | it's just light absorption and the proton out. Okay. Um so so |
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| 24:13 | fatalities. And these are hetero So these are hetero tropes that are |
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| 24:17 | this, right? So they have way of getting energy um just to |
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| 24:22 | their hetero traffic lifestyle. Okay, um any questions about that? |
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| 24:30 | so alright, so a non chlorophyll , this is not a chlorophyll type |
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| 24:36 | at all. Okay, Alright, chlorophyll based, so this is going |
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| 24:41 | be what you're most familiar with the scheme, you've probably heard it called |
|
| 24:47 | . Um So obviously this is this of photo trophy is probably the most |
|
| 24:52 | . Okay, on earth. It's you think of all the areas on |
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| 24:57 | uh in terms of vegetative growth plants at the water and marine environments, |
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| 25:05 | and bacteria represents a lot of activity . And so um the santa bacteria |
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| 25:14 | bacterial members and so as collectively this we call them oxygen it. |
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| 25:19 | because the process uses water. We water an auction to buy product. |
|
| 25:26 | , so again because we're involving membranes , we're gonna stuff these light absorbing |
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| 25:33 | into a membrane, it's gonna have features to do that. Right? |
|
| 25:38 | so um chloroform molecule and its non tails if you will hear that gets |
|
| 25:47 | in the membrane. The chroma four the light absorbing portion of the |
|
| 25:51 | Okay, so we have a metal in their manganese in chlorophyll. And |
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| 25:56 | this is the the molecule in plants in santa bacteria. Remember santa |
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| 26:02 | are the forerunners of of the chloroplasts algae and plants. And so they're |
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| 26:09 | going to share that same feature. And so the chlorophylls themselves are combined |
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| 26:17 | proteins and other we call accessory pigments kind of enhance expand the the wavelengths |
|
| 26:25 | light that can be absorbed. Um absorb blues and reds. These accessory |
|
| 26:30 | come in to contribute kind of maybe more of the orangy colors. Um |
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| 26:38 | he arranged these in little satellite dishes there called antenna complexes. Okay. |
|
| 26:44 | so a combination of proteins and horror and these accessory pigments. Okay and |
|
| 26:52 | , high densities are stuffed into the . Um Remember that cyanobacteria will not |
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| 26:59 | organelles, right? But it will its membrane and just highly folded, |
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| 27:05 | up stuff that fold these pigment molecules actually have little extensions between them like |
|
| 27:13 | . But again, it's all one of continuous unit that's kind of folded |
|
| 27:18 | . Okay, stuffed full of these molecules. And so um so light |
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| 27:24 | occurs. Right? So we have and it'll bounce around being absorbed by |
|
| 27:31 | chlorophylls that are kind of in the orientation to absorb it. Okay. |
|
| 27:36 | then we'll kind of shuttle that energy the middle. It's called the reaction |
|
| 27:42 | . Okay. And this is where redox then occurs. So you have |
|
| 27:47 | light energy uh pushes those electrons to higher energy state and out of the |
|
| 27:55 | to um electron carriers that will be out here. Okay. And then |
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| 28:03 | will be handed off to different electron members of electron transport chain in that |
|
| 28:10 | . Okay. And so uh so course light absorption is what triggers |
|
| 28:14 | Okay, so if electrons are being out, Okay, this has essentially |
|
| 28:23 | oxidized. The core fill or photo is what we call these has become |
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| 28:30 | because light has driven electrons out of . Okay. And so it then |
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| 28:36 | to become reduced. So grabs on water right? To replace those |
|
| 28:44 | Okay, so water will be here part of that analysis reaction. |
|
| 28:50 | And it gets oxidized. And so why auctions by product. So um |
|
| 29:01 | we look at core fields, here's a wavelength spectrum for that. |
|
| 29:07 | then we look below at bacteria. fields, folklore fields, we're gonna |
|
| 29:12 | in santa, bacteria. Other bacterial will have what's called bacterial chlorophyll similar |
|
| 29:19 | does absorb longer wavelengths of light than chlorophyll. Okay. And so you |
|
| 29:26 | see kind of it's outside the spectrum course we're particularly out here. That's |
|
| 29:35 | low energy infrared range. Especially out , right at that almost 900 nanometer |
|
| 29:47 | . That's now we're getting to the . R. Which is very low |
|
| 29:50 | . Okay. And that low energy to what it can use as a |
|
| 29:58 | donor. Okay. So the core core a film system um has more |
|
| 30:08 | associated with it. So it's able then strip electrons from water. |
|
| 30:13 | The systems of bacterial chlorophyll. Not much. So they don't have enough |
|
| 30:18 | to really pull electrons from water. why different donors are used in those |
|
| 30:23 | . Right? Which is why it's it's called an oxygen IQ. Or |
|
| 30:28 | because they don't generate 02. Okay they use if you're using something other |
|
| 30:33 | water you're not gonna form oxygen. ? So they use things like |
|
| 30:36 | Two S. Iron etcetera. So um and so in in a |
|
| 30:44 | know in an aquatic system for example would have your santa bacteria, your |
|
| 30:50 | gonna be at the upper layers near surface. Okay? And then as |
|
| 30:57 | absorb the light they absorb the other then trickles down. Okay so this |
|
| 31:04 | light over here. Okay then trickles and then they're they're gonna occupy the |
|
| 31:10 | layers in this example in this water . And so and actually tend to |
|
| 31:15 | of be somebody's tend to kind of just in the sediments below. |
|
| 31:20 | And so um but they absorb lower light. Uh and of course you |
|
| 31:27 | still use it and produce energy that . Okay. Um and so the |
|
| 31:34 | . Scheme looks like this. So um we have two photo |
|
| 31:42 | Okay. So and the order is 21 simply because that's how they were |
|
| 31:49 | in that order. Okay. And the light reaction um light absorption by |
|
| 31:56 | system. Two knock electrons out. . But then for telesis is what |
|
| 32:03 | electrons to feed. So we're feeding . So we're going from water for |
|
| 32:07 | to photo system one to N. . D. P. Okay. |
|
| 32:13 | that's kind of the flow. And so of course it's oxygen |
|
| 32:18 | Because we're forming oxygen. Okay, a byproduct. So um and so |
|
| 32:25 | PS two is associated with a teepee . Okay, so we by the |
|
| 32:30 | mechanism we're going to pump protons But it's of course it's driven by |
|
| 32:35 | . Right? So it's photo phosphor but mechanistic lee is the keamy osmosis |
|
| 32:42 | . Right? So protons pumping and P synthesis. We generate a |
|
| 32:47 | P. S. Okay. Now initially high energy here and then progressively |
|
| 32:55 | energy as they go downhill being And then two PS one. |
|
| 33:02 | so then PS one absorbs like again electrons and they come back down ultimately |
|
| 33:08 | a D. P. Okay, kind of a general rule. And |
|
| 33:15 | applies to any living thing, is you typically see N. A. |
|
| 33:21 | . P. In A. P. H. In processes processes |
|
| 33:26 | are anabolic anabolic processes tend to use A D. And A D. |
|
| 33:31 | . And A D. P. . Right. Um Generally not always |
|
| 33:36 | case but generally that's the case. so these are gonna be used for |
|
| 33:39 | two fixation right? Um now the so that's the flow of electrons and |
|
| 33:47 | again the energy is all used to CO two because these are of course |
|
| 33:51 | . Photo water. Right? Um flow electronic you see there right in |
|
| 33:58 | D. P. And the ndp to any D. P. |
|
| 34:00 | Okay. Um so now the variations here for one last thing. So |
|
| 34:09 | is kind of a schematic. You need to you don't need to know |
|
| 34:13 | pasto sand. And you know, just showing a diagram here. |
|
| 34:17 | That is just kind of redox right? We have cider, chrome's |
|
| 34:22 | we saw in respiration, quinones. we saw respirations. These are common |
|
| 34:27 | used in these kind of electron transport . Okay. Not obviously like chemically |
|
| 34:33 | but similar in terms of how they . Okay. And so now the |
|
| 34:38 | to again associated with a T. . Production. Okay, proton |
|
| 34:44 | And then the A. T. . Sent this. Okay. And |
|
| 34:48 | photo system one comes in and associated an A. D. P. |
|
| 34:54 | . Formation. So energy production using and again, C. 02 fixation |
|
| 35:03 | a lot of energy. And so this is worth coming from. Okay |
|
| 35:11 | the the next scheme. So before go, any questions about this? |
|
| 35:29 | mm. Yeah. Right. Mhm correct correct. I'm sorry question. |
|
| 35:49 | um yeah a teepee formation. So we go into these these other bacterial |
|
| 35:55 | that have the bacterial chlorophyll they're gonna have just one of these two |
|
| 36:00 | not both together. And so um don't see that here. The first |
|
| 36:08 | is this anaerobic photo system one? . Um so we called the green |
|
| 36:14 | bacteria. Okay they have so the one is associated with N. |
|
| 36:20 | D. P. H. Okay um they use things like hydrogen |
|
| 36:26 | , age two uh something other than . Okay the so they do have |
|
| 36:33 | reaction um They also certain species can these Klores OEMs. Okay so these |
|
| 36:40 | organelles in the sense of a lipid layer. They do have some some |
|
| 36:46 | in there but they also have lots protein in there as well. Um |
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| 36:50 | basically stuffed full of the bacterial Okay and uh many of these species |
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| 36:58 | they collectively forming what are called chlor . Okay basically light absorbing conclusions, |
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| 37:05 | whatever you wanna call it. Um so now you may think okay well |
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| 37:12 | don't have the PS two. So do they make a teepee? They |
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| 37:16 | do they just don't have it associated a PS two system. Okay so |
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| 37:21 | you can see that even from the in the example of H two |
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| 37:26 | you're still forming H protons as a , you can still form a proton |
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| 37:33 | and there will be an 80 ph with it. So it can still |
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| 37:37 | this. It's just not specifically linked a PS two system. Okay. |
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| 37:41 | they certainly have the capability of making Tps this way. Okay. Um |
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| 37:47 | and again they are autotrophs. So gonna use the energy to fix |
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| 37:51 | 02. Okay, so the other here is the one that has PS |
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| 38:02 | but no PS one. Okay. these types called purple non sulfur bacteria |
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| 38:11 | actually have a they don't have a to the system. There's really not |
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| 38:16 | photosynthesis reaction here. Okay. These absorb super low energy light, basically |
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| 38:25 | region. And that energy is so , it's not capable really of being |
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| 38:32 | to extract electrons from a source in same way as in the photo analysis |
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| 38:40 | . So basically it cycles the So it's what we call cyclic photo |
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| 38:45 | relations. So you see the light uh and here's the P 8 70 |
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| 38:51 | see here that refers to the wavelength light. So it's very low. |
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| 38:55 | ? 100 70 nanometers. And so that is enough to excite the electrons |
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| 39:03 | be knocked out and then passed But not enough energy that it can |
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| 39:08 | electrons from something else. And then feeding the process. So it basically |
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| 39:13 | cycles these electrons around and keep reusing . Okay, so cyclic photo false |
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| 39:21 | . But you're still generating a proton . Okay. And using that to |
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| 39:27 | form A T. P. So it has the PS two system to |
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| 39:31 | able to do that. It just to cycle electrons sort of using photosynthesis |
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| 39:36 | . Okay. And so the uh when we look at actually this group |
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| 39:44 | general, um they're a trophy. they don't really fix so they don't |
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| 39:50 | C. 02. Okay, so use the A. T. |
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| 39:53 | S of course to fuel their head trophic metabolism basically. But they're actually |
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| 39:58 | very diverse group that they're capable of metabolisms. Right. Using light to |
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| 40:05 | this uh eating organic materials like ahead trophy wife. But can even it's |
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| 40:11 | seen they can even be a little as well. So they kind of |
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| 40:14 | span multiple metabolism. So very Okay, but for our purposes we're |
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| 40:19 | at photo trophy. So uh just remember these couple of things about the |
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| 40:25 | photo foster relation. Their photo header . Okay. Kind of the main |
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| 40:30 | here. Okay. And of course associated with Photo system two. |
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| 40:35 | so we'll put this all together here this summary. So here is three |
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| 40:41 | . Okay, so oxygen in plants, algae, cyanobacteria. |
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| 40:47 | Two photo systems this reaction. And they're on a trophy. |
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| 40:53 | so we look at the those that the bacterial core. Okay. The |
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| 41:01 | group we looked at green sulfur bacteria one only. Right. So they |
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| 41:05 | form the DPH with that. But mentioned they do have a way to |
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| 41:10 | a proton gradient as well and get . But it's just associated with the |
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| 41:15 | two system. They use these things donors to their system. Um Which |
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| 41:22 | they don't produce auction. So it's an oxygen IQ process. Okay. |
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| 41:26 | And they are autotrophs as well. the last group we just talked about |
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| 41:32 | purple non sulfur. Right? So cyclic to foster relations their photos to |
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| 41:39 | they are not autotrophs. So that away and but they have the PS |
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| 41:44 | system which is the proton pump and driven pump and a teepee formation. |
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| 41:51 | so those are three systems. Um questions about that. Okay so let's |
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| 42:01 | at a question here. Okay so about that. If you have any |
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| 42:24 | , feel free to spit them out if you like. Um So remember |
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| 43:02 | next week we start unit three. so this essentially ends unit two. |
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| 43:18 | . Okay count down from nine All right. Here we go all |
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| 43:41 | the map. Gotta do some Okay let's see Kia those are the |
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| 43:52 | adoption. So it's not it's not . Is false cyanobacteria are oxygen |
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| 43:58 | Not an oxygen IQ. Uh purple sulfur photo possessing photo system one. |
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| 44:06 | two. We just saw that. A B and C. A. |
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| 44:10 | D bacterial adoption based photo trophy photo . That's true. So D. |
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| 44:17 | in dog, is true. that's it, folks. We're |
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| 44:23 | enjoy the weather. And of you're gonna go now study, for |
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| 44:30 | , to |
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