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00:01 Mhm. All right. I guess gonna go ahead and start um You

00:11 have for the football game, It like four of you who went.

00:16 didn't go. You do, did have fun? Yeah, it was

00:23 , wasn't it? Yeah, Last game of the season. So

00:28 you go. Or at least the game. Um A lot of people

00:32 why I can stand up here and talk about football. It's like,

00:36 on, football is a reflection of life is got hired. You got

00:40 , you got periods of time, ? Where things things are gonna

00:45 right? I mean, if you to the game, you know,

00:47 up 21 3 at the half, like all right, this is gonna

00:50 easy mode. And in the third , I don't know what happened.

00:54 mean, I I think the team in the locker room and they just

00:59 random people. Yeah, that's He did. And then then we

01:05 back because I almost had an I'm the I'm the guy that watch

01:09 sports doesn't matter for my kids. know, whatever. I don't watch

01:13 pro sports because who cares? Um like I'm the one who's literally having

01:18 aneurysm going, we're only up by and it can turn on a dime

01:23 how do I know it can turn a dime When I first started teaching

01:26 and again, you guys don't care this, but I like talking about

01:29 a little bit to make a little more comfortable, right is I remember

01:32 were playing in the fort Worth army whatever the bull that's up there.

01:37 like the armed forces bowl and we down to Pittsburgh, I think by

01:44 , I don't know, three Two minutes to go in the

01:47 It was three touchdowns. I can't exactly what might have been 24

01:50 I don't know. And we scored touchdowns to win the game in two

01:56 . That's why football is fun. right. I mean, it was

02:02 was it was it really was one those games where is like the coach

02:05 care the players that we're going to try another onside kick and see what

02:10 . Coaches like, yeah, whatever you feel like doing. All

02:13 . So that's why it's fun. right. Now, what we're gonna

02:17 over the next three days. So you haven't got your pictures and get

02:19 pictures in. All right, Because deadline's tonight, what we're gonna do

02:24 is we're going to talk about And whenever I give this talk,

02:28 always get some sort of blowback because going to be offended. All

02:32 Someone's gonna be offended last year. got offended because I was apparently using

02:40 that was just too vernacular and I stay with the whatever it was,

02:45 know, they expected, I guess decorum and stuff like that. You

02:49 comfortable talking about reproductive systems. you're, you're good. Talking about

02:54 hoo ha and you're wahoos because my up here is one to make you

03:00 that's really the number one job. to help you learn that,

03:04 And when I come up here, first thing I started thinking about,

03:07 do I do this? How do make this, you know, both

03:11 and uncomfortable? Because uncomfortable is how learn. Right. And then I

03:15 thinking about topics that I never had talk about before. And I'm

03:19 well, how am I going to this? Like, do you guys

03:21 the difference between sex and gender? of a sudden there's dead silence.

03:26 person is nodding their heads. I to tell me what the difference between

03:29 and gender is. Just like, don't know maybe why. Okay.

03:38 . Wow. Yeah. Like choice . Okay. That's that's actually an

03:45 way to do that. So, you know where the term gender came

03:49 ? A lot of people don't Gender a term that was developed in

03:53 All right. And it was in to understanding question between masculinity and

03:59 So, your answer is right, do I present my sex? All

04:03 , now, it really isn't about you present your sex because your sex

04:07 both biologicals, right? There's a sex which can be determined as being

04:12 tip IQ and peanut ipic. Sometimes we refer to gender and sex

04:18 attraction, right? So that's a confusing thing right now because it's

04:23 well my attraction is my gender and like, no it's not. You

04:27 be effeminate male who's attracted to, don't know, pick something because apparently

04:34 what we do now. We pick . I think I saw a dragon

04:38 the other day. You know, kin is C1 person's again nodding her

04:43 going, I don't know about right? There's there's attractiveness and so

04:48 deals with behavioral, right? Gender with behavioral but reproduction doesn't deal with

04:56 , right? Reproduction deals with how I produce offspring? And so in

05:02 and in mammals in general. We are what we call sexually

05:08 you know, sexual die morph Um I mean if you don't know

05:11 that term means, it's an easy to figure out because I mean they

05:14 necessarily teach you that we just presume understand sexually biomorphic simply means there are

05:19 different sexes in that particular species. sexual dime organism and humans is your

05:26 or you're female Doctor. Wait. about her method is um not

05:30 We don't have from effort. We but they're not sexually functional,

05:36 You can't have sex with yourself and . Like a plant can which can

05:40 hermaphroditic. Right? What about And again, we're talking humans and

05:47 have two sexes male and female. what we're gonna do is we're going

05:50 try to break this down. We're talk about males. Today, we're

05:53 talk about females on Tuesday after we ourselves with so much turkey and stuffing

05:58 whatever else that if you don't like . Tofurky, whatever it is,

06:02 it is that you're going to eat thursday, we're gonna fill ourselves up

06:04 that. We're gonna wall around for couple of days and we're gonna come

06:07 some of your gonna work on your . What is our paper due?

06:10 like crap. Yeah. He's damn it. Hey, at least

06:15 got the usually I'd make it due at noon, but next it's next

06:20 , monday midnight. All right. right. And then on thursday we're

06:24 finish up with actually having dealt with two sexes and structurally and functionally what

06:31 responsible for. How do we Now, I will say this is

06:35 a sex talk. I'm not going sit here and talk about all the

06:38 things that you can do. All . They did that in high school

06:42 junior high and it was both uncomfortable a little bit interesting when we have

06:48 first conversation. Right? But here we're gonna do is we're just really

06:52 to look at the question of how humans reproduce. And just to let

06:56 know, humans are not very good reproducing as much as we think we

06:59 . We're terrible at it. We a fecundity rate, which is about

07:03 . Which means basically if you lower amount of sperm count in humans by

07:09 5%, we're done. We can't , right? Whereas Mice, you

07:16 nuke them, bring down their sperm down to about 95% and they're still

07:22 . So we're like one of these like panda bears were panda bears.

07:26 you don't know. And I say bear, Giant panda is the proper

07:30 , Is it panda panda? Another can't remember. But giant pandas,

07:35 there are species that is extinct but know it yet. Right? I

07:39 it takes so much effort for those things to reproduce. It's incredible.

07:45 mean, they got scientists, they them in. The pandas are sitting

07:48 rolling around not knowing what's going I was like, oh look,

07:52 something looks like me. Maybe it's mirror. They just have a real

07:56 time with it. All right. , so part of the reason this

08:01 important is you know, I one is I like it a

08:05 This is why I went into science reproduction just fascinated me. How do

08:10 reproduce? All right. So, get really, really excited. I'm

08:13 go down rabbit trails all the Just roll your eyes when it's

08:17 Okay, because that's going to Number two is I'm going to

08:21 I've got a thesis that I start every semester with when we start talking

08:26 this and it's gonna be this. . And some of you are gonna

08:30 really angry at me. I'm looking a couple of you. I've already

08:32 in your eye. I'm going to just bear with me. After three

08:38 and after three lectures, if I'm , you can come and yell at

08:42 . I'm happy too happy for you yell at me. Here's my

08:46 Men and and the male physiology is . Women are complicated. All

08:54 Usually what will happen is I'll get person. He'll just And then at

08:59 end of the three sections, I've had a woman come up and

09:02 oh, you're so wrong, Doctor . You give you my background train

09:08 MD Anderson. All right. The of immunology. The weirdest thing

09:11 But I did reproductive work. All . So, I focused on male

09:16 . Specifically sperm. A genesis. right. So, I asked the

09:20 , how do males make sperm? right. And then after I got

09:24 PhD I went across the street to College of Medicine. Now, I'm

09:27 you those names because sometimes you gotta , uh there's no big deal.

09:30 can do this research anywhere. But I went across the street Baylor

09:34 Medicine. I worked in a lab worked on female reproduction. Looking at

09:37 question of how does Oh, genesis ? What are the mechanisms of the

09:41 . So, I've got a nice in both of these areas.

09:45 what I'm telling you. One is . One is that kind of trust

09:49 , But let me see if I prove it first. All right.

09:52 number one. What is the other I was going to tell you?

09:55 , I was gonna ask you a . So I said, I think

09:58 important. So, one is because think it's important because I worked on

10:01 . But why is understanding reproduction Why do you why do you think

10:05 should understand it in general? I'll it a different way. What happens

10:10 one generation stops reproducing extinction? I it. Every species on the planet

10:18 one generation away from extinction. All . And so the moment that we

10:23 reproducing. And I already told you are right there on the edge

10:27 And yes, I know. I've four kids. So I'm doing my

10:31 . I'm doing I'm trying really hard make that not happen, right?

10:37 I'm just telling you in a general , you know, we don't reproduce

10:41 well as we think we do. I'm going to kind of pick here

10:43 the pick on the women for a and I'm not doing it on

10:46 I'm not misogynist going, oh, , bad woman. Know many of

10:50 have a plan because I've been around long enough to know you all have

10:55 , Right? Men were just kind going through life, we kind of

10:59 a fuzzy idea what's going to But you know, whatever. All

11:03 . Here's the plan. Let me if this sounds sounds normal. I'm

11:06 to graduate from college. I'm gonna to my professional school. I'm going

11:10 start my residency and my internship. I will meet my husband and after

11:16 , then I'll start my practice and get into private practice for a little

11:19 and then I'll start having kids. about right. All right. Now

11:24 of you are gonna Okay? There might be a little bit of

11:27 . You might find the husband at end of your graduate program before the

11:32 , but it's somewhere along those All right. In females. The

11:38 age of reproductive success is around the and I love this 1 14 To

11:45 24. All right. The older get, the harder it's gonna be

11:50 you to reproduce. All right I'm not saying your plans wrong.

11:55 just saying you should be knowing some before you start doing some stuff.

12:01 . Now, I have a lot friends who've gone through graduate programs.

12:05 married in graduate school, got married college. Had kids in graduate

12:09 Did just fine. Yeah. So just letting you know that there's there

12:16 hope. It's not like I'm Now I'm going to be whatever.

12:19 . I had friends who waited till very end. Got all the way

12:21 the programs, wait until afterwards. through their internships there now, old

12:25 me and they have young kids and tired like me, right? But

12:31 point is is understanding a little bit reproduction will go a long way to

12:38 you achieve your long term goals. if you plan on having kids,

12:43 times where it becomes easier and then times when it becomes harder. All

12:48 , And that's what I'm part of this is going to be about.

12:52 said, men are easy, women complicated. You ready for me to

12:55 that? All right, Let's start men actually, let's start generally

12:59 what is reproduction? Alright, reproduction is bringing together the male and the

13:05 gamete. Male gamete is a Female gamete is an oocyte sex,

13:10 a secondary oocyte. And what you to do is these gametes are hap

13:15 . And what you're gonna do is going to bring them together and once

13:18 fuse together, you're going to create new organism that is now deployed and

13:23 of mitosis and growing and stuff like . All right. So, really

13:27 truth is, you didn't begin as cells. You began as one

13:30 What happened is is these two half came together infused and became the proper

13:36 that ultimately became you. Which is of cool. And I'm gonna point

13:41 at the very end, maybe, I'll do it now is look,

13:44 you ever feeling down the dumps like worthless. I'm useless. What do

13:47 think about it this way? Your is not worthless or useless. At

13:51 point you were the fastest sperm and were the selected oocyte and it was

13:58 two things. The probability of that is really, really, really

14:03 And it became you which you are , which is kinda cool. All

14:07 . You're not your parents, you different DNA than your parents,

14:11 You share DNA with them, but are not a clone of your

14:16 And so what we're dealing with is dealing with a system that is going

14:19 allow that to happen now. The there's one for male and one for

14:25 . All right. What we're gonna is we're going to bring those two

14:29 together. And the purpose of these is to bring those gametes as close

14:32 as possible. Guys are not spreading sperm out into the wind, hoping

14:37 hopefully it will come across some sort oocyte floating out there in the

14:42 All right. That's kind of what do. Right. Some fish have

14:48 to be a little bit more In other words, they basically create

14:51 little bowl and put their eggs in and then you get to spread your

14:54 all over it. We're not which is pollen pollen pollen spring sucks

15:01 ? My car gets more pollen than trees do. Right? Our job

15:07 to bring these things really, really together. So that means we have

15:11 systems that are designed in such a to bring that stuff together. All

15:15 . So, the female system is equipped to house and nourish the offspring

15:20 development, where it can then get the point where can survive independently.

15:25 , the word independently here, I'm in a very loose way.

15:29 I mean, I take a It can breathe on its own.

15:33 can pee on its own. It plant for food, right? It

15:38 do all that stuff. Humans are of unique in that we have to

15:41 our offspring for a while. Some primates have to raise their offspring for

15:45 while. But even even some mammals that up. But there are

15:51 you know, live births snakes I've seen a snake give birth snake.

15:54 lizards off and goes, does its . All right. That's what other

16:00 do. Sharks born off. They're swimming. I'm gonna go eat stuff

16:04 . That's what they are. They're eating machines. Right? So,

16:08 have to play a role in raising offspring. But we're going to just

16:13 survive independently. Alright. Even though a loose term that we're using

16:17 So, our reproductive systems, whether male or female are gonna include a

16:21 of things. A gun, ad a pair of gun adds the reproductive

16:25 and some accessory sex glands. All . So, when we're looking at

16:29 , that's the way you want to looking at it now. This is

16:31 systems. Both male and female are systems. So the easiest thing to

16:34 is start at one end of the and work your way down to the

16:37 end of the tube. Makes your a lot easier now. Thanks.

16:45 . Going to come back to biology . My Asus and mitosis. Remember

16:50 good old things, can you tell the difference between mitosis and mitosis?

16:56 all right. So we're going to the random assortment. You've got the

17:01 stuff. Yeah, that's all But why most of the people?

17:08 I'm looking at you guys know you are being quiet because you don't want

17:11 say something dumb in class. And me pointed out like, ha ha

17:14 don't remember it? None of you do. Alright. You memorize something

17:18 biology too. And you're like, , b so some people mitosis is

17:23 on my Asus twice, or mitosis twice. Right? You got

17:26 1st set of my mitosis and then basically have your DNA somehow magically.

17:32 then you get mitosis right? It's right. Yeah. And yeah,

17:37 kind of true. But the whole of mitosis is to create that have

17:41 game meat and that's a really difficult to do. And if you look

17:44 the pathways, right? So the we talk about this stuff is so

17:49 we understand that in order to create deployed organism, we have to have

17:54 D. N. A. In first place. All right. So

17:57 going to care about ploy by You've probably learned half Lloyd and

18:01 right? And you're good with But there's also a time when we're

18:05 to double our D. N. . And so in my field,

18:08 don't call that double deployed. We it Tetra Floyd. All right.

18:12 not really touched employed. But you're to hear that meets a here's a

18:16 deployed and just understand that I'm running and loose with the word. All

18:21 . So you start off as a organism that's basically two in right.

18:26 have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes go , right? And what you're gonna

18:31 is you're gonna split that DNA. the way you can think about this

18:34 that you are not really, you actually a combination of your parents.

18:41 the DNA that you have is both mom and your dad, but you're

18:45 are some sort of strange. Amalgam um of that combination. And so

18:49 you're doing is you're passing on your . In other words, how you

18:54 it. All right. So when thinking of your half Lloyd D.

18:58 . A easy way to think that's mine. But when I got

19:01 to them. All right. remember at some point in your

19:09 this is the first thing that's offensive it's really hard to think about some

19:13 in your life actually at the beginning your life. Are you ready for

19:18 ? Your parents had sex? I it's a horrible thought. And what's

19:25 worse is when you think about my had sex and then my great grandparents

19:30 sex and oh my goodness, my great grandparents had sex and they did

19:36 the horrible things that you did that awkward kiss. Right? And then

19:41 from between their until they had you now I throw all that stuff out

19:46 . Want to shock you because it'll you up, Right, That's just

19:51 . But the whole purpose here. . I mean gross mom and dad

19:55 sex. No, no, I magically conceived from the being of the

20:00 . Right? So the point here is that those germ cells that mom

20:05 dad contributed during that time basically resulted you. Okay, there's no one

20:11 that that didn't happen even though we like to think about it. All

20:17 . So this my Asus is what going to allow us now over here

20:20 the, on the left side. is my toast as you can see

20:23 there. You're too in, we're to make it a nice simple deployed

20:28 chromosome sell make our lives easy, many chromosomes do we have 23

20:37 Right. So here we have two two. So four. So two

20:42 . Right? We double that. we're basically not deployed. Were now

20:47 deployed, which I'm just going to for the sake of our simplicity.

20:50 Tripp Loyd, it's not truly tech because what's going to happen is we

20:55 through our meta phase and then we're divide in the by tele phase.

20:59 ? We're gonna align things up and divide. And voila, we get

21:02 two in. So look at that . We are basically calling ourselves nice

21:06 easy Biology too. Check mark. got my 100. All right.

21:11 Asus. All right. Big All right. So here I

21:15 I'm my two in. Right? gonna double my D N.

21:19 Look at that. I'm still the . But somehow I magically get over

21:22 to one in. What did I ? Well, I went through a

21:25 phase over here with my toe I get that tele face. How

21:29 I get one in over here? do I become happy Lloyd. What

21:32 it do differently? Mhm. Can see where that happened? I'll stand

21:39 of the way. Let's you guys it over for a second. Tick

21:42 . Tick tock? Yeah, it separate again. You ready for some

21:54 ? You want to have fun No, she didn't want to fund

21:58 guys. Want to have fun. right. I want two guys to

22:01 up here. You two awesome. . I need to brave young women

22:13 up here. We're going to learn some reproduction today. Come on.

22:18 be shy. Come on. We're to learn mitosis and mitosis.

22:21 you'll never forget it. All I love calling people up at the

22:28 of a reproduction talk. Mhm. . All right. Since you're not

22:34 enough to give me a chromosome Yes, anyone one through 23 or

22:40 one through 22, 22. All . We're going to start off,

22:45 all chromosome 22. So, what need is we have an original

22:48 Here's mom's DNAa chromosome number 22. not invented yet. Here's dad's DNA

22:57 number 22. Right, Can you that they're slightly different. All

23:04 Right. Because remember we're basically amalgam our parental DNA. So, that's

23:09 I'm saying. If you think about being passed off, it's an

23:12 So, there are a little IQ . Little differences. All right,

23:17 , my toast is what happens is we're going to copy our DNA and

23:25 going to copy our DNA. And we're gonna do is we're gonna go

23:30 the alignment during the metaphors and look happens when we align? We'll line

23:35 along the center of the cell. , The the whatever. What are

23:42 plate metal faceplate. Thank you. then what we do is we divide

23:46 cell. And what do we end with? To end to end,

23:51 ? Mom DNA Dad DNA Mom DNA DNA. Very simple. Right?

23:55 . Let's start up again. Mom dad DNA in the center,

23:59 Homologous. And then what we we're going to copy the DNA and

24:03 going to copy the DNA and then going to put them together as a

24:10 as a tattoo employed. All So, we're gonna line them all

24:16 Except they're all connected together because we're naming one chromosome. And I'm not

24:19 other people up here. So, can imagine chromosome number 12 and number

24:24 in Yada Yada Yada are all lined . And then what we do is

24:28 we go through that first met a . What we do is we divide

24:32 cell again. And what we have we have a Hap Lloyd cell.

24:37 it has double the DNA. Stay . Now we have a Hap Lloyd

24:46 . Now it still has double the . The cell is non functional because

24:51 has too much of a good Right? So that's why we have

24:54 go through that second arm biotic Right? And that's when we divide

25:00 and we end up with mm 2, 34 A Lloyd cells.

25:08 makes sense. Now you're going to this. I'm going to help them

25:12 when you practice this. You can a friend and you can put down

25:16 right hand and you can go down left hand. Dad's chromosome. Mom's

25:21 and then just match it and then to divide like that and see what

25:26 . Thank you for playing my See, it wasn't as scary as

25:29 thought it was gonna be. All . So, the reason we need

25:33 have this, my Asus is well, because we need to get

25:37 to this Hap Lloyd Wright. But happening is, is right up there

25:43 we duplicate our DNA, we're going form what is called that Tetra employed

25:48 sorry, that to trad. So you look over here, what do

25:51 have? There is the original chromosome its sister original promoted in its

25:57 Right? And over here we have original insist, er, but it's

26:01 to the homologous chromosome and its Right? And that's the idea.

26:08 that's what we're splitting in half are paired homologous chromosomes. That's where we

26:12 the app Lloyd. Now, all is just to get down to

26:18 All right, to go through those phases and get to that half Lloyd

26:21 . Now you don't need to walk all this stuff. Did you guys

26:25 learn? Just as out of curiosity the different phases of pro phase you

26:29 . Okay, What class cell Anyone I saw over here because I

26:34 she's transferred in anyone else from, ? Genetics. You did.

26:39 So you talked about 16 pack Fantastic. Yeah. They rarely does

26:45 ever talk about this stuff. I'm just glad that you guys have

26:49 exposed to it. Okay. she of course, good for

26:55 And she's stuck next to me and she hears me ramble on and

26:58 No, but she's she's like a powerhouse. All right. So all

27:04 . So, what I what I'm this up and what I'm talking about

27:08 , because the first goal of our systems is to produce these hapless organized

27:13 these happy Lloyd sells. It doesn't if you're male or female. That

27:16 the ultimate goal in terms of gamete . All right. And so we're

27:21 to 1st 2nd Mail um um gammy which is permitted genesis. And we're

27:25 look at female, which is genesis And it's going to be our

27:29 introduction to simple versus complex. All . So, how it works in

27:36 Mail. First off, it doesn't if you're looking male female. You're

27:38 to have three stages, basically a stage of biotic stage and then some

27:43 of modification stage. So, the M's mitosis mitosis modification. All

27:49 mitosis in the mail. It starts your sperm ago. Nia this is

27:53 little bit deeper than what we normally about. But basically what we say

27:56 look there are type A's from There's actually a primordial germ cell.

28:01 just kind of hanging out and reproducing from Macedonia. And what you're doing

28:04 you get the type A's and then proliferating and they're kind of hanging out

28:09 the Taipei's to reproduce more Taipei's. some of them differentiate into the type

28:15 . All right. And then the These are the ones that then divide

28:18 multiply and then the type bees are ones that are going to move through

28:23 process of superman to genesis. All . So, what you're doing now

28:26 you're basically creating amplification. All Now, why would you need to

28:32 ? All right. Why can't we you know, go ahead and just

28:36 that germ cell population right away. , you'd run out. All

28:43 Here is the time where I get embarrass all the gods. Alright.

28:47 germ cell populations or human reproductive success dependent upon males, we would have

28:55 our First a salvo into the reproductive when we were 12 or 14 years

29:01 when we first discovered our bodies and the guys are now sitting there

29:06 I'm not going to talk about All right. We need to have

29:11 set aside so that we can replenish pool. Now, do you know

29:16 many sperm we produced in a You only want to wager a guess

29:20 millions is a good number. About million per day. All right.

29:29 It's It's Yeah, it'll get the done. Uh huh. All

29:35 So, what we're doing is the cells, the ones that are dividing

29:42 reproducing and creating a larger and larger arthur sperm ago, Nia. When

29:47 differentiate and become biotic, they're now primitive sites. All right. And

29:54 they're doing is is you're now taking go nia and it's becoming one

29:58 Now, I want to point out that's in the drawing. Do you

30:00 right there? That little bridge that's on purpose. All right. And

30:05 gonna see why here in just a . See what's going to happen.

30:08 that primary site is going to undergo first division. Right? Remember what

30:14 saw up here? We saw mom's . N. A. And dad's

30:17 being separated. Right? All Let's think about the sex chromosome for

30:21 moment. What is the female sex ? What do we call it?

30:26 . It's not solely limited to Right? But you get to,

30:30 , males, we get the broken . Which is the why?

30:34 So, you can imagine now I've cells to have an X. Only

30:39 A Y only. Right? Because have an X. And a

30:43 Alright. Now I called the Y the broken X. There's about 33

30:48 on that. There might be a bit more. A little bit

30:50 I can't remember the exact number. some reason. 33 stuck in my

30:53 there's about 3000 genes on the X , they're not all sex related.

31:00 ? So, if I'm a cell has just gone through division and I'm

31:05 happy Lloyd, right? And I have the Y chromosome I'm not going

31:10 survive, am I? Because there genes that are on that X chromosome

31:14 I need turned on and producing materials me. But that's over there.

31:19 that little bridge ensures that I get materials. Mhm. It's that's I

31:32 , that's a really good question. the honest truth is, I don't

31:35 the answer to that. All It's there's there's there's a there's a

31:39 of it that is that our sperm incredibly fragile. It has to also

31:43 with what's going on in our My or epidemic diseases probably is the

31:47 singular term and that we're not processing sperm properly. And so while we

31:54 be able to move a sperm from testis to the epidemics, it's in

31:59 epidemics that they're really kind of All right. That's the best answer

32:03 have. You know. All So, this is those two steps

32:08 going to go through one division two . Now, see the problem is

32:11 they're they're making this confusing because it's to be this one is connected to

32:15 one or becomes this one, then becomes too, which becomes four.

32:19 right. So once you've gone through two divisions, these four are now

32:24 sperm of kids. So what I you to notice here we go from

32:28 to sites sites to ted's. And that terminology is used in the

32:33 . So it would be oh go . Oh sites. Oh Tid.

32:37 right. So the terminology is All right. And then I said

32:43 last stage in our case it's a me. A genesis is what we

32:47 to it as it is for me genius you're modifying. Because if you

32:50 at this cell, does this look a sperm that you're familiar with?

32:55 . What is the sperm that you're with look like? If you had

32:58 describe it to someone who's never seen sperm, how would you describe

33:02 It's like a worm. What was ethel? Oh. Temple.

33:09 Tadpole. You're right. That's that's one I always think of as

33:13 Right? It's basically this fat thing the front end and this long.

33:17 bitsy tail. It looks like tadpoles around. Got the little tiny wiggly

33:21 at the end, right at the . Alright. Warm works too.

33:25 it's missing that bullet at the front . All right. So we got

33:30 go from round cell that's connected to cells to the actual swimmer that we're

33:36 familiar with. So we're gonna have go through DNA repackaging you lose a

33:40 bunch of organelles, your model old and new structures and so um that's

33:46 be happening in suburbia genesis. All . Now, what I'm doing while

33:50 shifting, you can look these are exact same slides, Right. Is

33:54 want you to understand organization here. this is really hard to this is

33:57 chicken and egg type of lecture. right. And so when you cut

34:02 a testes and you look at where are going, you're going to see

34:06 it's called the seminal first tube. all right. So the 71st tubular

34:11 around it's made up of cells called cells, which we'll get to in

34:16 a second. All right. So would be the lumen. That's the

34:19 . This is the the part of tube that is epithelial. And where

34:24 you see these germ cells? you have the stem cell down here

34:28 then this parameter goni are working there they migrate upward as it becomes from

34:33 of sites. There's kind of a migration up and down. But you

34:36 need to worry about that. And what's going to happen is when they

34:39 , they're found here at the lumina then they're released out into the lumen

34:44 the tube. You'll Okay. And what I wanted you to see is

34:49 that kind of looks like here. right. So you can imagine starting

34:54 single multiply multiply multiply Divide by divide again by two. And then

35:00 go through the modification process within the of the seminar first epithelium.

35:06 when we're talking about sperm a what are the kind of changes that

35:09 going on? You can see here's my round cell and I'm becoming

35:13 swimmer. And so it's a stepwise . All right here, we're going

35:19 form the acro zone from the golgi . We're going to form the flu

35:23 , which is basically taking the is migrating to one side, extending

35:27 the from the basal body of the outward to create that flagellum, basically

35:32 the mitochondria so you can provide fuel the base of the flagellum. Um

35:37 you're gonna take a big fat nucleus you're going to pack things up.

35:41 anyone here going home and taking the with you this weekend? Yeah,

35:47 just gonna throw it in the right? Just right? But think

35:50 you had to travel, what's You have a separate suitcase,

35:55 But think about when you're packing for important trip, like let's say you're

35:59 over to Europe for three weeks, ? And you know, it's going

36:01 cost you like $3,000 a bag to a bag and you've got to leave

36:05 room for the wine, you're bringing , right? So what are you

36:08 do? You're going to take those , and you're going roll them up

36:12 tight and get everything jammed into a space, aren't you? The same

36:16 that's going on here is we're taking that is kind of loosely affiliated with

36:21 stones. And we're going to repackage tighten it up. And we're going

36:25 use different sorts of nuclear binding material tighten it up, tighten it up

36:30 tighten it up. So, that's Now, just like you having packed

36:35 bag to europe. All right, don't even know the names. But

36:39 you're convincing and repackaging, All And then you're going to get rid

36:43 any excess cytoplasm because we know excess is going to slow you down on

36:47 race to that site. Mm So, what you're gonna end up

36:51 is what is called the spermatozoa. that singular spermatozoa is plural. All

36:56 . And so there's four parts that have the head. That's where the

36:59 material is going to be located. have an aphorism, The aphorism sits

37:03 the nucleus. All right. This going to contain enzymes to allow it

37:07 penetrate through the protective layers that surround oocyte. We have a mid

37:12 This is where all the mitochondria And then we basically have this nice

37:16 vigil a that's responsible for motility. the only place in the body where

37:19 is found. Now, what we here is called the seminars, Epithelial

37:25 first epithelial cycle. There's a lot words in there. Alright. And

37:29 what this does, it just shows this process and it's it's kind of

37:33 if you look at it basically, says over on this side, that's

37:36 far I am within the epithelium. , down here is the base.

37:40 that would be the base up. would be the top. All

37:43 So where am I? And then long does it take? And then

37:46 long does it take? How many does it take to get from down

37:50 ? All the way up there to released? So, really, what

37:53 want to point out is that it about 74 days to produce his firm

37:56 start to finish. It's not too . Right. And if I'm producing

38:02 80 million, that's that's really kind kind of interesting how fast and so

38:06 of these represents a time point when starting the whole cycle all over

38:10 So, while this is 74 days their 16, there's 16,

38:14 So, each generation begins roughly every days. If you wanted to,

38:18 could kind of go, oh, , there's about five generations that are

38:21 developed. I didn't get at any time, which is kind of

38:25 Now, why do I point this ? Because we spend a lot of

38:28 talking about the menstrual cycle and how it produces those sites and no one

38:31 talks about the men and how long takes to produce the sperm. And

38:34 wanted you guys to know we work to 75 days. Mhm.

38:40 All right. So really the key take away from this. Not as

38:45 as a female. You know about days basically what you're doing is down

38:50 the immature cells and you're migrating up the epithelium upward and that's the most

38:57 sell at the top. Mhm. right. Not to produce or prove

39:04 hypothesis. Now when does traumatic genesis Technically Superman to Genesis begins very early

39:12 in development but it's very slow. right. And it really gets ramped

39:16 right around puberty. All right. you can say, yeah, it

39:20 in puberty in males. So roughly the age of 10. All

39:24 When the gonads begin to grow and reason they're growing and growing is because

39:30 filling that similar first epithelium with all cells. All right. So that's

39:34 they get bigger. All right. roughly around puberty is really kind of

39:38 big picture here and females. Oh begins at week 22 after conception.

39:47 right. So already we're starting about little bit of a difference. Gonads

39:51 developed or form between week 20 about 24. So we're just gonna slice

39:55 of difference in colour. About week . All right. And what you're

39:59 do. You're gonna go through that idea topic division. So remember we

40:02 mitosis mitosis and then we have a . So those ogoni a those stem

40:09 are going to first migrate into the ovaries form what are called the

40:14 And then they're going to divide and gonna get somewhere in the neighborhood of

40:17 million ago. Nia in those Which is not bad. Right.

40:23 think about how most people give birth how many Children at a time

40:29 All right, alright. There are exceptions to the rules. My wife

40:33 birth to two twice and she's also herself. And then we have people

40:38 get the assistance like octomom who gave to eight. That's rare. Very

40:44 . That's bad. two sets of . Yeah. And my wife is

40:49 twin and then her sister who is her twin also had twins. Oh

40:55 the way, the longer you wait greater probability that's going to happen for

40:57 ladies. So you know a lot fun. All right now the ogoni

41:05 that you've created in this pool are to enter into my office once they're

41:08 to multiply their DNA and they're going now be in that tetra employed stage

41:13 then they're going to stop and All right. They're not going to

41:17 through that first biotic division. Now of these cells when they go through

41:21 process of entering into my house has they're going to fail in their

41:26 So there's a natural failure rate in . Alright. And so this is

41:30 true in males, right? But happening is is that you don't have

41:33 very big pool. How many sperm produced per day? 80 million versus

41:41 million at the beginning of your Alright. So what's going to happen

41:46 , is of those six million that gone through mitosis, About 80% of

41:51 die off. Okay. So you're off live? Not with six million

41:58 . Oh, not with four Illegal, but with about two

42:01 Oh, sites. All right. , let's contemplate the number of Children

42:09 you want over the course of your . Anyone here satisfied with at least

42:13 million? Do you want two million ? Yeah, I just saw the

42:18 like uh No. So, do think you have a pool big enough

42:23 satisfy your offspring needs? Yes. someone here is not satisfied with two

42:31 . They're saying that's too that's too . I need at least four.

42:35 then you're okay. All right. what's going to happen now is they're

42:39 form into these structures called follicles. gonna get these granular cells are gonna

42:44 them. So, you can think it like this is like I got

42:46 little tiny oocyte right? It hasn't through its first division. And then

42:50 bunch of cells are gonna surround it create this structure called a follicle and

42:55 nothing's going to happen for some basically. You go in arrest and

43:00 suspended until puberty? All right Around age of 10 or 12 is about

43:06 you start entering into the process of these follicles and what's going to happen

43:14 is you're going to resume my Asus now, you're not going to do

43:17 of them again, you don't want waste on one shot. You want

43:21 be able to slowly feed oocytes and a single oocytes so you can produce

43:27 single offspring. And so what's going happen is the body selects, sends

43:31 signal and selects of that two million that have gone through this one And

43:36 say, Hey, you 30, choose you and that 30 goes woo

43:41 they begin to advance through miles this . Alright. And what's going to

43:46 is as they advance through some of are going to die off. That's

43:50 we refer to as atresia and there's of reasons for this. And ultimately

43:55 going to happen is one most often going to be selected as the primary

44:01 . The one that is the dominant or the dominant follicle is going to

44:05 selected and that's the one that's going emulate. And so when it goes

44:11 that first biotic division is about the when you ovulate. Alright. So

44:16 first mountain division coincides with ovulation. the signals that cause ovulation are the

44:21 signals that are going to cause this ? All right now, how many

44:26 did it take for us to get male cell? About 74 75.

44:33 to get from that That single that primordial one to a population of

44:39 290 days. All right. I want you And we're gonna talk

44:43 this again. We get the menstrual , but I'm just gonna put this

44:46 . It doesn't matter where you are your cycle. Think about From 300

44:50 ago, wherever you are. Whether just a populated or you're about to

44:54 . That's when that particular cell started months ago. All right, guys

45:03 a little bit easier. All Just let's just make sperm just and

45:11 ladies selecting one out of two First start with a pool of 30

45:19 let down to one. And then you've gone through that division. It's

45:22 populated. It's now excuse the vernacular down through the over duct. It

45:31 really do that. All right. in order to go through the second

45:37 division, it has to come into with the sperm And it has 24

45:42 to do so. All right. failure to come into contact with the

45:48 . No. 2nd. 2nd basically the oocyte dies and goes

45:54 All right. But if it comes contact with a sperm, that is

46:00 be the signal to cause the second second biotic division. You get rid

46:04 that last little bit of DNA. then that's going to allow the two

46:08 to then use take their pro bring them together and now you have

46:12 new organism. So, oh genesis little bit more complicated. Start off

46:20 after conception, Wait for 13 years then you start selecting along the path

46:26 you can see what we're doing All right. But the mechanisms are

46:30 the same. The Otis is gonna for a very very short period of

46:34 . That's the I'm getting rid of D. N. A. And

46:36 are my modifications? Well, there's things that are going on that we're

46:40 to deal with. So what we're do is we're gonna go through the

46:43 reproductive system. And again, I'm deal with that question. Male males

46:47 simple. Women are complicated. So is how you can think of a

46:51 in terms of our functionality of our system. There's two roles produce sperm

46:56 deliver sperm. That's it. So that you're looking at, you have

47:02 ask the question is this making sperm is a delivering sperm? But it

47:05 play that role then? It's not important system. Okay, so we

47:09 sperm and deliver sperm and it's really of explains a lot in terms of

47:13 behavior, doesn't it? It's like all we want to do is we

47:16 to make the sperm. And then we made it let's go deliver it

47:20 that. It's like, well, know, I delivered the sperm.

47:24 going to see It's a little bit complicated for women. All right.

47:28 , what are the structures we got test is the epidemic, the vast

47:31 and seminal vesicles, prostate gland You're going to read through these three

47:36 . Right? Here are your accessory clients. All right. Your path

47:41 reproductive track is basically the structures within tests. Then epidemic, vast deference

47:48 your re throw. All right. , the gun ads are your tests

47:52 there are structures within their that are with the reproductive track. But to

47:56 things off, we're gonna start with scrotum. Humans are one of about

48:01 of all uh mammals that actually have screw them. I think it might

48:06 40%. Alright. There are other that don't have scrotum. Right.

48:11 really low purpose of the scrotum is maintain the property proper temperature of the

48:15 is to ensure its traumatic growth, grow at roughly 34°C What's body temperature

48:26 . So, If you bring it to 37°, you're gonna start killing off

48:30 . So, you need to keep lower temperature. And so, that's

48:33 purpose of the scrotum. It moves tests away from the body and now

48:38 can temperature regulate. All right. , there are two muscles in the

48:42 that are of significance. All The first. Alright, do I

48:48 even up here. You're good. gonna be on the next one.

48:51 right. The first is the dark . Alright, The dart toast muscle

48:54 a smooth muscle that lines the skin the scrotum. This is the one

48:59 responsible for temperature control. All So, when the muscle contracts,

49:03 it does is it causes the skin bunch up. It pulls the

49:07 Really pushes the test is up towards body where there is warmer temperatures.

49:11 right. So, what you've done you've reduced surface area, so less

49:15 is lost, or less heat is . You thicken the skin so less

49:19 is lost. And you're closer to heat source. So, you basically

49:22 warm the testes and bring the temperature towards 34°. If it if the surrounding

49:29 is cool. All right. When temperature is too hot, then what

49:32 do is you relax the dart owes scrotum relaxes greater surface area thinner further

49:38 from the source of heat that cools . So, you basically you can

49:42 the temperature to around 34 degrees C right. Some textbooks talk about the

49:48 muscle. Playing a role in pulling tests up towards the body for the

49:51 of tissue or temperature control. It no role in that. All

49:55 Part of the problem with putting your ads on the outside of the

49:58 is that they can be locked All right. You see this in

50:03 all the time. The first first male mouth that breeds is now

50:06 alpha mouse. All right. He to brag and how does he

50:10 He goes to the other mice and , Hey, I'm the alpha

50:13 I'm going to show off your tests that's what it does. That's how

50:17 brag. When your mouse, you that you have no competition and there's

50:22 worse when you go into a cage pups that you haven't separated out and

50:25 pick them up and there are no because one mouse actually had sex with

50:30 one of his sisters. And then like, yeah, I'm chewing off

50:32 the balls off my um, my . It's a very disheartening thing,

50:39 if your reproductive biologists like I needed . You're throwing you all away

50:47 All right. So right. I , and again, Guys, remember

50:54 you're about 12, 14 years remember you first learned that if you

50:57 somebody below the belt, what would is that that you became the king

51:02 the playground. And so that's how All right. So this isn't limited

51:09 mice. That's what we do. ? That's how we demonstrate. Alphen

51:14 all right. So we have to ahead because we know someone's going to

51:20 and do horrible things to us. so the cremaster muscle during periods of

51:25 excitation exercise are there to pull the up close and near to the body

51:31 they can't be damaged during those periods strenuous activity. Whatever it happens to

51:40 , the penis is the Coppola torrey . All right. And the

51:44 again, of the popular story organ to deliver sperm into the female reproductive

51:49 as near to the female gamete as can possibly get. All right,

51:54 you look at all the organisms that penises, you'll note that there is

51:59 matching shape into the structure in which are trying to get into.

52:04 if you ever look at a penis you go, man, that is

52:06 weirdest looking thing. It's not as as an ear. All right.

52:10 you look at you know that is . There are weirder stuff than what

52:14 got. All right, cats. you ever heard cats caterwauling at

52:19 You ever heard that at night? think it's like a cat fight?

52:23 , no, no. That's a coy tal cry. What's happened is

52:28 a a cat at the end of penises has these little tiny hooks.

52:35 right. They copulate those hooks hook the vagina and keep the cat in

52:43 to make sure that the sperm has opportunity to go deeper into the female

52:48 tract. That cry you hear is female going, I'm not having any

52:52 anymore? All right. If you've dogs that you have a new,

52:57 you see them get nodded the base their penis, it basically bulbs

53:01 Does the same thing, Right? look at a mouse that has a

53:05 in its penis, purpose of which to penetrate through a waxy seal if

53:09 comes across it in population. So a male deposited sperm, it creates

53:15 plug and says, ha ha this going to keep anyone else from getting

53:21 where I've just deposited my sperm. that's when that little tiny needle goes

53:24 there and pulls it out and I think twice. Mhm. Pigs

53:31 a corkscrew. Why? Because pig's is a corkscrew. The shape of

53:39 penis matches the vagina to which it supposed to uh go with. All

53:45 now, structurally. This is an tissue. All right. And so

53:51 is the erectile tissue? It's basically tissue and smooth muscle. It's a

53:56 in which blood is going to enter . And it causes during sexual arouses

54:01 dilation of the blood vessels, Blood in and causes the penis to both

54:06 and to harden. Alright rigid. right. So the different erectile tissues

54:12 the corpus spongy, assume it's around urethra, the purpose of which is

54:15 ensure that the arista doesn't flatten like paper um straw. Ever use a

54:21 straw after a while, it flattens . Can't suck anything through that If

54:26 trying to ejaculate through a flattened it isn't going to work.

54:31 So you need something that is going be rounded up and it's going to

54:34 for that sperm to pass through That's the whole purpose of the corpus

54:38 . Assume the corpus cavernous them. are the paired bodies. You can

54:41 here that kinda looks like the two looks like a shocked face.

54:44 if you look at it. All , alright, so there's the corporate

54:50 osa prepared structures. That's the dorsal that give an erect penis. It's

54:56 style. N rigid structure. Moving the tests. All right, same

55:03 of the tests are going to be within the ovaries. All right,

55:06 , we have um some tunic. is connective tissue that divides and protects

55:11 structure. So we have the tunic . And the tuna, vaginal,

55:15 Virginia comes from white. So, a white structure. The vaginal is

55:21 is basically what is going to be on the surface trying to hold things

55:27 . You peel these things away, can push up and basically what you

55:30 up with a bunch of spaghetti. , it's not really spaghetti,

55:34 But what it is is basically our first tubules. And so you can

55:39 in our little cartoon here, they've to show you what the similar first

55:42 . Most textbooks, we have a that looks like this. If I

55:45 doing research on the seminar for I would throw that slide away because

55:48 a terrible picture. I want a round structure. This is slightly

55:53 So you're not getting a good slice it. All right. But you

55:57 imagine if I get a good slice it, I'm going to see a

55:59 bunch of things that look like this this is our sperm factory. All

56:03 . That's a seminar for studio. is makes up 80% of the testicular

56:07 when you have kids and they start from childhood into puberty. You're going

56:13 see them run from the shower, there, close to the shower.

56:16 then there's basically what you see as see this little tiny thing right in

56:20 little tiny scrotum, which is kind sad and pathetic. And then one

56:23 you're gonna see something a little bit and you're like, ha, that's

56:26 . It's coming because that's going to long before the voice changing the hair

56:31 the awkwardness and pimples and all the fun stuff. All right now,

56:38 just gonna use this as an You can see out here.

56:40 what we have here are different types cells out here. These are my

56:45 cells right there, a smooth muscle and their job is sit there to

56:50 rhythmically to help squeeze the seminars The seminary Seminary epithelium. Now in

56:57 , there's gonna be fluid. All . And so these tubes, you

57:00 see that they're interconnected. And they're on to the vast deference to a

57:03 of structures. But what they're doing you're moving the mature sperm through the

57:09 . And so having the maya itself there, squeezing, helps to propel

57:12 fluid in a particular direction. All now, when you look at this

57:18 and there's the cartoon better than what done, what you're gonna see,

57:22 see all this purple stuff. Those these cells called the Seattle cells and

57:26 shuttle cells make up the walls of first epithelium. So, if I

57:31 to irradiate the test is for and wipe out all the germ

57:34 Which is what happens in humans, with mice, but humans. What

57:38 happen is you can say this thing become depopulated. So you basically just

57:42 a whole bunch of Sir totally sells and thick, like what you're saying

57:45 ? So these cells are in between Seattle cells. Can you can you

57:52 that? Right? So, it's if you can imagine the boundary,

57:56 you've done is you've jammed these cells between the two cells and that's where

58:00 working what happens is that the Seattle . So you can kind of see

58:06 there's the boundary of the Seattle cell there it is goes up and around

58:09 . So you can see that what have is a barrier. There's a

58:13 of tight junctions that create a blood barrier. So there's a barrier between

58:19 outside here, in the inside there of those little cells. Now,

58:29 do they do? Well, since only way you're gonna get a nutrient

58:31 these cells up here is that those have to pass from the blood into

58:36 interstitial and off to the shuttle And the cell then distributes the nutrients

58:42 the cell dies Well, certainly cells for Vegas, sanitizing the materials that

58:48 left over. It also plays a in producing the seminal fluid. So

58:53 flu that you find in here is by that sir, totally sell.

58:57 we usually say is that the shuttle is kind of a nurse sell.

59:00 does all the work to allow for semi nefarious or sorry to allow for

59:04 sperm ago, Nia and this dramatic to mature and become this permitted and

59:09 , the spermatozoa. All right, say that they control and regulate.

59:15 do they really control and regulate? , not really. But there's a

59:20 , there is a degree of communication goes between them also out here.

59:24 , here's that myeloid cell, Um what you have outside, it's

59:30 to see it over here like over these areas, you can kind of

59:33 these bunches of cells, those are egg cells. Latex cells, their

59:38 is to produce testosterone. All so they respond to LH now here

59:51 are in the testes seminar for sympathy goes into the red testes then it

59:55 or works its way through the F ducks. You don't need to know

59:58 names. That's really my younger My ap students want you do is

60:03 get into the epidermis and the epidemics can think of as a modifying

60:09 Its job is to take the cells are produced here that are mature and

60:13 them into functional sperm. All well, what does that mean?

60:18 right. If I were to go and extract a sperm from any point

60:21 here that's mature and I take it put it on a naked oh

60:25 The words it doesn't have anything to it. And I lay that thing

60:28 top of it. This is what would do. I ain't gonna

60:36 I don't know what I'm doing I've got about 72 hours to

60:43 They don't know what to do. the whole purpose of the epidemic imus

60:47 to make modifications to the cells so it can then do the things that

60:51 designed to do which is to deliver genetic material to the oocytes so they

60:55 produce an offspring. All right. one thing that does is it creates

60:59 along its length onto the cell and what you're doing is you're modifying cell

61:05 markers. And it's really interesting because can go in and you can actually

61:09 out sperm at different points along the and you can see that now this

61:14 doesn't recognize another site, but this does. This one not only can

61:19 the oocyte, but it can actually the protective barrier, right? And

61:25 can actually penetrate through. That's one it does. Also this is where

61:29 sperm learns how to swim. And , you can go in, you

61:32 pull them out. It's like, this sperm here knows how to swim

61:35 . This sperm here knows how to in circles. All right. So

61:40 it's learning how to respond to chemical signals to swim to where the oocyte

61:46 going to be. And the last you want to do this is our

61:50 site really. The vast difference up and the tail end, which is

61:56 called the tale of the epidemics. the, the kata is what is

62:01 to serves as a place where we're store up sperm. And so what

62:04 gonna do is all that fluid, is now kind of loose, loosey

62:08 and allows the sperm to kind of around and move and being contact with

62:11 cells inside the epidemic. You're removing that stuff and you're kind of jamming

62:15 all together. So that basically you this thick bullets of sperm, they're

62:19 kind of sitting there going, tell me when to go, I'm

62:23 whenever you are and that's what they . They just sit there and hang

62:31 the vast difference. Or the doctors . Again, the coddle resource on

62:37 most distal region. Right? Because would be approximately, this would be

62:42 most distal regions. We're going to some sperm stored up. But basically

62:46 it is is it's a two between storage site and the site of

62:52 And so when ejaculation is is getting to occur. What you do is

62:57 start moving sperm out from that storage up along the length of the vast

63:03 and you load it up into the where you're going to be create the

63:10 . And then we have a little short duct called the ejaculate torrey

63:13 That's not actually where ejaculation actually It's actually leading from the vast deference

63:19 this chamber that's surrounded by the That's a little bit broader and

63:24 And so that's basically where you're feeding in. And the reason it's called

63:27 ejaculate, the ejaculate Torrey duct is you're now going to start getting materials

63:32 the accessory glands. And so the that you're creating is a combination of

63:37 sperm these cells and these fluids that going to be adding in. So

63:47 leads us into the seminal vegetables and other accessory glance. So the seminal

63:52 when I draw this stuff out. sorry, I I just try to

63:55 this simple, Right? It's here's a testis, right? There

63:58 an epidemic. There's a vast Here's my prostate. There's my Eureka

64:02 I can do it on both But then what I do is I

64:04 rabbit ears. So the rabbit ears the seminal vesicles. All right.

64:10 what they do is they produce about of the fluid that is referred to

64:15 seminal plasma. It's the liquid portion an ejaculate. All right. And

64:21 the first job is what is to is to dilute out the sperm.

64:24 we concentrated it all up. And now what we gotta do, we

64:27 get nice loose and juicy again. we have some room to swim.

64:30 so the idea is I'm gonna provide fluid to create motility for the

64:36 And really what I'm kind of doing also kind of starting to wake them

64:39 . It's like, all right, time to get going and then there's

64:41 other materials within the seminal vesicles that important. First off, it's highly

64:47 and it's alkaline in nature. this is one of the most disgusting

64:51 you'll ever work with if you ever in the reproductive system. The materials

64:55 the seminal vesicles like glue that's kind dried up a little bit how once

64:59 is let out and it just kind gets still kind of sticky but not

65:04 yet. That's where it kind of it's kind of become really tacking what

65:08 do is you cut it out. what we have to do is we

65:10 gods and we start on the terminal and push towards the duct and it

65:15 like popping a bad zit to get material out. Just so you could

65:18 the tissue. It was gross. ? You do this for a couple

65:24 . Good enough tissue. All interesting. It produces a lot of

65:29 . Why fructose? Well, because is what sperm produced prefer as their

65:33 source. That's kind of interesting. glucose fructose. Okay, great

65:42 Now, if I were a betting , if I saw the word

65:45 where do I think it would come ? The prostate gland? That's

65:48 That's that's the full name is prostate . So prostate gland. Then you'd

65:52 it comes and they did. That's they thought. And then once they

65:55 better techniques is like, oh, of the prostaglandins come from the seminal

66:00 and they're not going to rename it the seminal vesicles lens. All

66:04 And then there's some other stuff in that play a role in aiding in

66:08 motility and incapacitation. All right, deal with what capacity ation is in

66:13 a moment. What is the prostate ? Well, it's this structure that

66:17 sorry, this truck. That's a right there. There's your prostate

66:21 Prostates. What all men are dreading their future. All right. Because

66:26 all are fearful of our prostate No one that's incredibly survivable,

66:32 Um What it does is it's a that has multiple ducks that empty out

66:37 the urethra. So it's kind of a doughnut. The urethra goes through

66:40 and it kind of surrounds as all ductwork that's producing this material that is

66:45 to make up about 45% of the plasma. It's slightly acidic in nature

66:51 it has citric acid for example. It has this material called seminal plasma

66:56 serves as an antibiotic. It has . S. A. Which is

67:00 they used to kind of see, know, do you have prostate

67:03 Because your P. S. Numbers rise really quick. That's a

67:06 surfactant. It has peace app prostatic acidic phosphate taste. Which is a

67:12 deceptive. And then it has lots zinc in there because zinc is

67:15 It basically protects against oxygen radicals. , great, awesome. And then

67:21 have the bubble urethral gland or calpers that's the one that produces the last

67:25 bit. It's basically uh materials. can see there's a paired glands and

67:31 sits on either side of the urethra just before ejaculation. During periods of

67:37 arousal, sexual stimulation. It begins its secretions into the urethra. And

67:42 it's doing is this secretions are primarily in nature and it's lubricating the the

67:50 just prior to ejaculation. Now, many reasons for all this stuff.

67:55 right. And so what I like do at this time, and I

67:58 that we're getting close here. It's 12 minutes till the end of class

68:01 I want you to think about sex a second. All right. This

68:05 where I upset people again. It's , think about what sex is.

68:09 right. And I want you to me an adjective of you thinking about

68:14 and think about an adjective that describes . I've gotten some real doozies.

68:21 , just belt them out. I , my favorite one was disappointing.

68:27 . I mean, the whole class was like almost the end of

68:30 It was like, okay, we're . All right. Well, think

68:33 what sex is. Connection. All right. So, there's a

68:38 there. What else? Think about . Not not necessarily the eye contact

68:44 , or or anything. What is actual act of sex like? You

68:51 , this is where I got myself trouble strenuous. Okay, I got

68:55 . All right, guys are just bunch of nervousness. I thought you

69:01 you guys could talk about sex. like, I I don't want to

69:04 about sex. Now, I want talk about safer things like the digestive

69:09 . Mhm. All right. I'll you out Strenuous is actually it's a

69:17 one. All right. But I you to think about population itself.

69:21 is population? It's taking the two organs. A vagina and a

69:25 penis is penetrating into the vagina, ? And it's acting like a

69:31 All right. It basically pushes in pulls out. All right.

69:35 what we're doing is we're actually creating , rare, rare, rare faction

69:40 what I'm looking for. And So we're compressing air out or compressing

69:44 down and we're pulling back out and creating a slight vacuum over and over

69:48 over again. Right? And it's kind of a violent act. And

69:52 not saying violent like, you know , I mean, but there's a

69:58 to it. Right? And so are parts of it that you could

70:03 are not these gentle portrayals of what intimacy is, But there's actually kind

70:09 a roughness to it. I I gave you the example of the

70:13 , the cat in the hooks. ? I mean, that's that's a

70:15 bit on the extreme side. But terms of population, I mean,

70:19 have to provide lubrication or you're basically two things that are rubbing against each

70:24 , producing a lot of heat and necessarily a good heat. Right?

70:30 what semen is is the male contribution , that sexual act in order to

70:38 that its offspring gets to where that , side is. Now, I've

70:43 some characteristics up here, Right? milky white. It's sticky. All

70:47 . So sometimes you can think sweaty, whatever. So it's

70:50 We produced between three and five mills terms of volume in each of those

70:55 contained somewhere between 200 and 500 million . All right now again, people

71:02 up and down. There's differences But one of the other characteristics I

71:07 to point out is that it's alkaline nature. And the reason I bring

71:10 these different characteristics up is because there nothing in our bodies that aren't done

71:16 a purpose. Alright. And so these characteristics have purpose when it comes

71:21 reproductive success, even if it does uncomfortable talking about it. Alright,

71:27 first off the vagina is an acidic . Why acidic? Because acid kills

71:35 ? All right, acidic environments are for living things. Generally speaking,

71:41 organisms survive in there. Right. just in the vagina, but in

71:46 cavities in places that have low But for the most part, foreign

71:51 that come across an acidic environment bad it. And so they die

71:55 So that's a female strategy to prevent organisms from finding some very very nutritious

72:03 for them to live. All right , if I have an acidic

72:08 putting sperm into an acidic environment is pretty helpful, you'd kill off the

72:14 and voila, we have a problem the point of reproductive or population is

72:20 success. If you're killing off all male oath are male germ cells.

72:24 kind of counter manning what you're trying accomplish. So the first thing that

72:30 does is it creates an environment that beneficial for the survival of the

72:36 Right. Who? Okay good sperm been delivered. Problem though is we're

72:41 talking about that rare faction and compression . Population pressing down, putting

72:47 pressing down, putting out so on so forth. Ejaculation occurs in the

72:51 . Now, penises withdrawn and when was withdrawn you're getting that rare faction

72:57 and basically you're creating a sucking motion is pulling all this sperm in the

73:03 out. Well that's not very helpful now. Sure you can leave a

73:09 behind. But remember we're starting with 200-500 million, we're gonna see how

73:13 it is to have those 200-500 Right? So pulling out all that

73:19 not beneficial. Uh huh. Well have this agent called semi Magellan.

73:24 what Simone Engelen is basically fiber in basically what it does is it takes

73:29 ejaculate in the moment it is That stuff starts coagulating sperm are stuck

73:36 the walls of the vagina. Now sperm still leave as a result of

73:41 with withdrawal? Yes, but not much as it would have had you

73:46 done that. But we've created a . We may have been spiderman.

73:51 captured the villains. No one laughed that one. Think about it for

73:59 little bit. Alright, sperm are on the walls of vagina.

74:05 But can they go anywhere? Now getting he's like oh Spider man.

74:12 funny. All right. They can't anywhere. Again problematic. We're not

74:18 the oth side. We've got to to the other side. So what

74:20 we have to do? We need have a liquid factor that comes

74:23 It breaks down the seminar Jelen. right, basically it's plasma and

74:29 and now the sperm are free and they start waking up and they start

74:32 all right because there's other factors that time to start moving and we start

74:38 and that's what they do is they moving around but we need a little

74:43 of help. Alright vagina is about long. 6 - 8" long.

74:51 About another 4" long. The over about another 4 - 6" long.

74:56 right. That's a long way to when you're microscopic There's a there's a

75:02 or a woman named Laurie Anderson, a performance artist. She had a

75:06 called Mach 20. You can look up on YouTube and it's a song

75:09 what would happen if sperm were the of a sperm whale. It basically

75:15 20 minutes to get from the Pacific to coastal waters of Japan. I

75:20 it was like eight minutes. I remember the exact number. You go

75:22 it up. That's some pretty serious . But we want a little bit

75:26 help And this is where the prostaglandins because prostaglandins are smooth muscle stimulants.

75:31 stimulate the smooth muscles to create And so they begin acting on the

75:35 of the vagina. They begin acting the walls of the of the of

75:40 over docks And on the why am blanking on the name of womb?

75:44 on, wake up. Uterus. your wreath are just stuck. And

75:49 you get a word stuck, you're . Right? So the uterus and

75:53 are reverse peristaltic reaction or contractions. what happens is now the female reproductive

75:59 is saying bring the sperm to the . All right. And then all

76:09 ladies, you know this about Our guys Grossly icky. We are

76:15 . Let's face it, if we if we didn't have to shower,

76:17 wouldn't we wouldn't mean on occasion, know? But for the most

76:23 you know, we're pretty happy is you know, being gross. Life's

76:28 . You know? And of course gross and disgusting. People. We

76:32 with us bacteria in our bodies. those bacteria are coming along for the

76:37 and they're going to be deposit along the sperm after population and they're in

76:42 environment that has been neutralized and all a sudden now they're like this is

76:48 of cool in here. Well actually kind of warm. And look there's

76:53 everywhere. And so bacteria begin to and multiply and how does that do

76:59 regard to female health? You want swarming around inside your body. She's

77:07 uh you know. Yeah, I see you're all you're all starting to

77:10 this. And I was like uh , we got you covered. You

77:14 need roses. You don't need What you got here is materials,

77:22 anti bacterials that are there first. , first off to kill off any

77:27 response to make our sperm survive? don't want to kill off those could

77:30 bad. But then what we do we'll just because we're bad and

77:33 We're also gonna provide bacterial seidel elements are going to kill off the things

77:37 come along for the ride. So is ejaculate? What is semen?

77:42 , it's the cells plus all these that lead to reproductive success. And

77:48 it's fun to give the story, you guys cringe a little bit.

77:51 kind of paints a picture that's a bit broader than what you thought,

77:55 ? Not just a fluid to help the sperm to where it needs to

77:58 . It solves and creates problems. are about 150 agents that we've actually

78:04 in semen alone that play these I can pause there. I

78:16 I've got three slides. Well, , no, I'm sorry. I

78:20 . You want to go to Let's just get it over with,

78:22 ? How do we regulate this It's real simple hypothalamus gonadotropin releasing hormone

78:29 on pituitary. LH, FSH FSH sitoli cells it produced does a whole

78:34 of different things. Superman agents as the key thing also produces engine binding

78:39 of buying testosterone to keep it in testes. But the hormone it produces

78:43 inhibit acts in a negative fashion to FSH LH acts on the latex

78:48 Latex cells produce androgens. Androgens acts certain cells to help promote superman to

78:53 . All right, So what are androgens is testosterone? They could be

78:57 into estrogen, but they also serve a negative feedback back to the anterior

79:01 for LH Also negative feedback up to hypothalamus. What does testosterone do?

79:07 are my favorite slides? Well, not really my favorite slides with their

79:09 . Alright, so before you're born , reproductive tract, external genitalia.

79:14 testosterone. You're not going to get development of the gun ads. You're

79:20 going to get mail development of the . Alright. Or the scrotum.

79:26 going to develop down the female All right, promotes descent to the

79:31 into the scrotum. Basically the test developed where the ovaries are and then

79:35 move downward after you're born. Growth reproductive system at puberty plays an important

79:42 in the pathogenesis, I just said to maintain the reproductive tract during

79:46 So, when you lose testosterone, , that's when you start going through

79:49 reverse and uh andro genesis really, the male climate. Climactic.

79:57 basically it's response for the secondary sexual . We already talked about the

80:02 right? So there's your carrot right . Male patterns of hair growth,

80:07 of voice with the barry white voice the high pitched squealing of a little

80:10 . Um, so those are the things in terms of reproductive related,

80:15 sex drive at puberty and sustains I'm telling you, that's 100%

80:21 It's like guys, it's just like that's we're done right. Once,

80:26 we, once we realize there's an sex, that's all we think about

80:30 don't let any of these guys pretend . All right. Non reproductive anabolic

80:38 promotes bone growth and it can be into estrogen. Many of the ways

80:42 testosterone works is through a conversion first estrogen in the tissue that's going to

80:47 and then access through the estrogen All right. So I painted a

80:53 here of male. What males We make sperm and deliver sperm when

81:00 come back after you fill yourself up tofurkey or productions or whatever it is

81:05 you're going to eat just regular you know, come back, we'll

81:09 with female reproduction and then you guys tell me whether I'm right or I'm

81:13 and I'm happy to entertain the idea I'm wrong. All right. Happy

81:18 entertain that.

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