| 00:01 | I couldn't. Terrorist? Yes, . Yeah, food. When you |
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| 00:49 | great assignments and stuff, well, put grades up as they kind of |
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| 00:53 | you grade them. Or will you them up at the end of the |
|
| 00:57 | ? Yeah. Just usually have this back. If I can on, |
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| 01:02 | I put it up at the end the semester. So, uh, |
|
| 01:09 | had a professor in my undergrad like, you didn't know, |
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| 01:14 | you might have gotten, like a notion that you did OK, but |
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| 01:19 | like I had a classic. I no idea where I was standing going |
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| 01:22 | the final. Luckily, I was OK. E o. Yeah. |
|
| 04:24 | ? Yeah. Okay, so if go onto if you go back to |
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| 05:04 | , you should find the next two uploaded. Sorry to do it so |
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| 05:10 | , but you took 10 minutes to them off. Good. Okay. |
|
| 05:20 | . Uh huh. Yes, Now, that's that's I think it's |
|
| 05:34 | two lectures. Um, well, to see how it goes today, |
|
| 05:40 | , I do have some flu viel that we're not supposed to talk out |
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| 05:44 | till next week, But if I we get moving faster. I'll put |
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| 05:49 | up over lunch. Yeah. Daniel has going. How was the |
|
| 06:05 | ? Yeah, it's pretty. It's good, actually. Good. |
|
| 06:10 | it was horrible, Would you Oh, it was terrible. The |
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| 06:12 | experience of my life. Just you know, one or two |
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| 06:17 | Not too bad. That's good. . How about you, Qana? |
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| 06:21 | you find it? Hi. I'm little hard, but so I took |
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| 06:27 | time to answer the questions. Janey, about you? Uh |
|
| 06:40 | Yeah. He's not answering right Maybe he's not there. Let's see |
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| 06:47 | picture. Uh huh. Hey, to go, Joseph? It was |
|
| 07:11 | . I think it went pretty How are you guys? You |
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| 07:14 | we're told. Doing good. You go. Be happy with it. |
|
| 07:20 | , yeah. I think I messed on, uh, the second to |
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| 07:25 | last third to the last question. think I did something wrong, but |
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| 07:29 | fine. Which one was that? , where we had to label accommodation |
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| 07:34 | probation. Location. I'm pretty gentle that. Like, you know, |
|
| 07:41 | it's not always easy to figure out p a p e. You |
|
| 07:44 | So Usually I'll take either or And think one of them, you |
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| 07:49 | sort of p. Maybe it's a of d. So I was |
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| 07:52 | I'll be pretty flexible with that. yeah. Please. Maybe. How |
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| 07:58 | you have to go? I thought went OK. Yeah, There was |
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| 08:06 | little confusing parts, but yeah, was happy with it. Overall, |
|
| 08:11 | think so. Who were missing? got from one person. Yeah, |
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| 08:22 | just grand, Clayton, I Yeah. Yeah, that's great. |
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| 08:28 | you were not meeting on you. just kidding. What's that, |
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| 08:35 | Okay, okay. Okay. I it nicely. Uh huh. |
|
| 08:50 | yeah, yeah. Yes. So those of you who are coming just |
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| 08:59 | little late, uh, I realized had had not put up today's lectures |
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| 09:06 | the web. Those air now So if you go to Blackboard, |
|
| 09:09 | should see the next two lectures up so you could pull those down, |
|
| 09:14 | along, as you like. and we'll see how we, uh |
|
| 09:22 | see how we go today. today is It could be a bit |
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| 09:28 | light compared Thio yesterday. Ah, will do some exercises today and if |
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| 09:35 | have time, I might, uh might put up one of the |
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| 09:38 | the electors over lunch. And, know, if we get to that |
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| 09:41 | afternoon, we'll see how it Because that will help you do the |
|
| 09:45 | assignment on, Of course. You , beginning the class, we feel |
|
| 09:49 | we've got lots of time, and the next thing you know, we're |
|
| 09:51 | of time. So, you things always tend. Go faster than |
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| 09:55 | think they're gonna go sometimes. Oh, hi. Looks like tightening |
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| 10:32 | to finish their quizzes because I could them up on blackboard. So that's |
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| 10:37 | . Yeah. All this technology, got to figure out the first time |
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| 10:51 | ever taken a cuisine back work. been using it for, like, |
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| 10:55 | whole whole undergraduate and graduate. It me a lot of finished undergrad. |
|
| 11:00 | I've been I've taken a lot of cause, you know, you |
|
| 11:03 | you know, we're always get online because, you know, I |
|
| 11:08 | not that you guys would ever but, you know, I |
|
| 11:11 | you know, So I talked to Copeland about doing Blackboard Quiz. He |
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| 11:15 | , Well, if you if you the time, said there just isn't |
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| 11:19 | to be checking your notes because you've to get questions answered. So you |
|
| 11:22 | it, Z you know, you know, by, you |
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| 11:25 | having sort of and I sort of half should be enough time to get |
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| 11:28 | done. Obviously, some of you it pretty fast. Others you others |
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| 11:33 | you took the whole half on But, you know, by |
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| 11:37 | the question is not like two of could be doing the same quit because |
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| 11:41 | might not have the same question the time. And once you've moved |
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| 11:44 | you moved on. So it, , it just prevents any, You |
|
| 11:48 | , uh, you know, we have much we don't have much issue |
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| 11:53 | with with ethical problems in graduate But, you know, sometimes it |
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| 12:00 | on our, you know, one the three days, but we'll be |
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| 12:03 | to see the questions and answers. , like I said, I don't |
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| 12:08 | how that works. I'm going Probably. What I'll do is see |
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| 12:13 | I can arrange it so that you be a period of time. You |
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| 12:15 | have a look at your quiz, , and then they'll shut off |
|
| 12:18 | Um, uh, like to be to write down some of the questions |
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| 12:23 | stuff, so study for the Yeah, yeah, yeah. I |
|
| 12:28 | , what I'll do is I'll once once I grade it. If I |
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| 12:32 | that there's some recurring issues that people do so well on, I'll probably |
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| 12:38 | could review the exam with you and go through the answers and hopefully you'll |
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| 12:42 | what you answered. And then you're , Okay, I got that. |
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| 12:45 | didn't get that. So no way have time for review as we get |
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| 12:53 | the end of next week, so . Okay, so we've got just |
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| 13:01 | for Clayton. Toe check in, we can get started. I had |
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| 13:09 | question. If we have a couple minutes Yes, certainly JD up. |
|
| 13:12 | was curious about other economic applications for to trigger a fee besides oil and |
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| 13:18 | prospecting. Like maybe, uh Oh, precious metal deposits or e |
|
| 13:28 | say I know much of applications, . Um you know, I |
|
| 13:33 | any time you're dealing with with resources sentimentally rocks, whether it's a you |
|
| 13:39 | , plaster golden a beat. Sam , obviously, you know, understand |
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| 13:45 | time strata graphic relationships of sediments is important right now. If you're looking |
|
| 13:51 | , you know, hydrothermal also alternation a and also light, then |
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| 13:57 | the secret security isn't of much Um, I would argue that, |
|
| 14:03 | , you know, sequence photography has extremely useful, you know, for |
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| 14:08 | the time strata graphic history of of deposits, beach ridges on. Do |
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| 14:16 | know that has implications for, you know, land replenishment, wetland |
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| 14:24 | loss. You know, all of of those applications may have a component |
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| 14:31 | strategic fee. That's critical. and obviously, you know, any |
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| 14:37 | you're dealing with contaminants and aquifers or aquifers in general, you know, |
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| 14:45 | hydro geology community tend to be a a little weak on sequence photography. |
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| 14:52 | , and I should have advised Clayton has annoying was a quiz. |
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| 15:02 | , very good. Um, so say, you know, for anything |
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| 15:07 | do with fluid flow and, you , it's it's kind of critical. |
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| 15:11 | , eso I don't if they don't the question, But I haven't heard |
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| 15:14 | as much in minerals cold, But of course, colds and other |
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| 15:18 | fuel. Uh, integrity is kind critical. Um, yeah, that's |
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| 15:22 | I would say. Okay, I another question. So, so |
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| 15:32 | we have been concerned mostly with sand and mud stone. So are |
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| 15:37 | going to touch on any carbonate deposits this environment? I don't usually cover |
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| 15:45 | in this class. It really is classic seeking photography. Um, and |
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| 15:51 | know, they have an entire course carbonates that I think Jeff Gravest |
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| 15:57 | If you guys Yeah, I'm assuming , you know, he's the one |
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| 16:02 | guy. I'm sure he does a of sequence photography of carbonates in that |
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| 16:05 | . Is that correct? He spends a whole half a lecture on |
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| 16:12 | um, pair sequence sets and four and headsets. Thio like the Exxon |
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| 16:18 | versus some of his outcrop examples in Bahamas. So, like, you'll |
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| 16:22 | a very in depth. Uh, will learn all about trade winds and |
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| 16:28 | Eastern Lee trade wind belts. And , you'll you'll get all about |
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| 16:32 | Yeah. So So, you you do get a lot of, |
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| 16:35 | know you should get a lot of carbonate secret security in that class. |
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| 16:39 | disadvantages if you, uh, if if you don't take, I think |
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| 16:44 | areas disappeared. If you don't take class and you're in the geophysics |
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| 16:48 | then you might You might miss a bit. So I do have a |
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| 16:51 | on carbonates, and, you if we have time, I can |
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| 16:55 | review some of that as we get the end. So Okay, so |
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| 17:00 | like to go ahead and get Uh, yeah. Okay. I |
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| 17:07 | , hers emailed me so his connection not very good. Anyway, we'll |
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| 17:12 | our best. Um, and, , if Maria is there, she |
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| 17:18 | the co host. So she has ability to let people in and out |
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| 17:22 | once I'm talking, I don't have . Watch who's who's there and who's |
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| 17:27 | eso what I'm gonna do here. , So start off with my screen |
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| 17:35 | and I'll get that power point Now the first thing you'll notice is |
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| 17:42 | I'm actually going to do lectured, 10 not lecture mind Andi and 10 |
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| 17:50 | a bit more conceptual. And I , um, more generally applicable electric |
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| 17:58 | is simply it's the opportunity for me tell you about my my PhD |
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| 18:04 | It's really just an example. Not there aren't some valuable things, but |
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| 18:09 | more of a reinforcing lecture. So thought I would do that. The |
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| 18:13 | on on the sequence photography of Once again it will. It will |
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| 18:18 | of illustrate applications. It will emphasize little bit. Um, some of |
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| 18:24 | things that I talked about yesterday and this point. Okay, I've got |
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| 18:29 | kind of I know that Maria said was having some problems with. Come |
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| 18:49 | . No. Yeah, she was some problems with recording. So I'm |
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| 18:55 | to record, uh, I'm going record this lecture. I hope that's |
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| 19:07 | plan. And Okay, so that's . Okay, so let's get started |
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| 19:19 | today's the first lecture of the So I'm gonna talk about about the |
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| 19:23 | photography of Deltek Systems and in many , ah, lot of the concepts |
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| 19:28 | sequence photography in the sort of modern particularly going beyond seismic photography, you |
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| 19:35 | , size. Which integrity was really large scale evolution of continental margins. |
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| 19:42 | , this question has come up a of times. A lot of the |
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| 19:44 | that I'm talking about these lectures are smaller scale looking at units that find |
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| 19:52 | are below the resolution of conventional sort two D or even three D spec |
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| 20:00 | . You know, 30 to 60 data. Ah, lot of the |
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| 20:03 | the beautiful complexity and stacking patterns and sequences simply can't be imaged. And |
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| 20:08 | was a question last class about, know, some of these units and |
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| 20:12 | climate forms. And would you see ? I said, Well, you |
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| 20:15 | Prudhoe Bay, which is a 300 thick formation with about, you |
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| 20:20 | 50 20 to 50 m of they'll the base. You know, although |
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| 20:25 | mapped all these beautiful planet forms, could not see those kind of forms |
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| 20:30 | in the base Prudhoe Bay reflection. you could see is a slight change |
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| 20:35 | the character and maybe transitions from a it to a doublet that probably represented |
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| 20:41 | size of response to climate forms that very poorly imaged. So, |
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| 20:47 | not an easy problem to solve. of course, one reason why I've |
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| 20:53 | so much time messing about the quotations Seaway is first of all, that's |
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| 20:59 | of the When I worked at eso way back, you know, my |
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| 21:03 | first project was seismic Exploration on the coast of Atlantic Canada on my second |
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| 21:10 | was working the quotations interior Seaway of America, looking for bypassed pay in |
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| 21:16 | campaign in belly river formation. And kind of got me interested in Cretaceous |
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| 21:22 | . And then when I went to school to study with Roger Walker here |
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| 21:26 | McMaster, um, you know his money and project at that time was |
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| 21:31 | focused on the problem of shelf sands the Cretaceous Seaway. There was a |
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| 21:37 | of controversy about the shelf sands, that was the hot topic back in |
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| 21:42 | early eighties, when I was a eighties, when I was a graduate |
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| 21:46 | and, uh and I went from a subsurface geologist unless I told you |
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| 21:51 | story, I think in a first went Thio at the Bureau of Economic |
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| 21:56 | . Surprisingly enough, I worked with guy named Brian Willis and, you |
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| 21:59 | , he got me into sort of analog work and really attacking the |
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| 22:05 | So here's a couple of photographs of it I know and love. With |
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| 22:10 | exception of this one, this is Haystack Mountains. And I went there |
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| 22:14 | a field trip when I was doing on in Wyoming, and we looked |
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| 22:18 | that rocks. But I've never Um um, Now, if you |
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| 22:21 | see carefully where my red pointer you can see a person. There's |
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| 22:26 | sharing Gables arm there. She's wearing red climbing Hatton. I'll leave it |
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| 22:31 | your imagination to figure out how she up on that 100 ft cliff. |
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| 22:35 | spent an entire summer hanging on a measuring, uh, measuring thes |
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| 22:40 | cautioning sections through the fluids Castle which is a nice clown informing tide |
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| 22:46 | Delta deposit. There is a group geologists standing next to the fair and |
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| 22:52 | along Interstate I 70 uh, uh, in Utah, very famous |
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| 22:58 | that many geologists visited over the So, you know, we sort |
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| 23:03 | talk about the Cretaceous Laboratory being a where you get extensive exposures of cliff |
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| 23:09 | of Delta systems and you know you see local geometry and with a lot |
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| 23:16 | detailed, measured sections, you can at all and come up, come |
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| 23:20 | with the overall geometry. The classic that's complex strategic graffiti. Jim Garrison |
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| 23:27 | a very interesting person. Used to at Mobile in Dallas back to the |
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| 23:32 | when Mobile were in Dallas. And his PhD was in metamorphic metrology from |
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| 23:38 | Austin, you know he went into oil business and got involved in Reservoir |
|
| 23:44 | . And then he and his his , Cocoa Vandenberg, who I think |
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| 23:48 | an Exxon, Uh, and then . They kind of left Dallas and |
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| 23:55 | to a little town called Fair in . Bought a house there, and |
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| 24:00 | would get up every morning and go the field Mentioner section. And he |
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| 24:04 | that for about five years on a of a shoestring budget and put |
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| 24:08 | you know the most, the most sequence Geographic correlation that sort of had |
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| 24:13 | , ever been done on the black to represent Coles, the green unit |
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| 24:18 | represent floodplain deposits. The orange represent belts mostly, and you can sort |
|
| 24:24 | see there's there's smaller, a little channels, and there's bigger amalgamated multistory |
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| 24:31 | belts that he interpreted as incised And then these lens lens shaped features |
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| 24:37 | the various deltas and shore faces. some funny looking vertical things here. |
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| 24:42 | air growth faulted deltas. I've done detailed work on that. And then |
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| 24:46 | a Siri's and you can immediately see know, you've got a two p |
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| 24:51 | trajectory. You can see some places there's a little down steps. And |
|
| 24:55 | you look at this, you already some time looking at this. You |
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| 24:57 | do a nice accommodation succession interpretation. of the point of this cross |
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| 25:05 | Is that you? Because you have element of aggregation of the shorelines you |
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| 25:11 | accumulation of ah, what we call paralysis tail. The word sporadic is |
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| 25:16 | old term. You've heard the uh, heretic that feel in abyssal |
|
| 25:21 | that the people that work on microfossils used to describe very broad environments |
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| 25:29 | paralysis is the term that sort of for slightly brackish sort of inter |
|
| 25:34 | You know, environments that sort of the shoreline. So, you |
|
| 25:38 | lagoons bays into distributor E Bay's marshes . So this sort of green and |
|
| 25:47 | stuff largely represent sort of swampy coastal , flood plains with Cem channels and |
|
| 25:54 | associated with them. And the Farron in outcrop is long bit of interest |
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| 25:59 | the calls are mined in Utah. addition, there's some gas fields. |
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| 26:04 | not drift if the gas is coalbed . But it is also important in |
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| 26:10 | of gas resources. Each of these black dots on the bottle, the |
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| 26:14 | section represent measure section on again. is about where is the scale? |
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| 26:22 | There's a 10 kilometer scale. So looking at 10 20 40 60. |
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| 26:29 | maybe, you know, 80 80 cross section, so so quite a |
|
| 26:33 | chunk of real estate. Okay, , when you actually look at the |
|
| 26:37 | , you know, you could see sorts of climate forms and steep |
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| 26:40 | But the vertical exaggeration here, you , that's 20 m versus two |
|
| 26:47 | So I think you could probably put see 2000 voted by 20 would be |
|
| 26:52 | about 200 times vertical exaggeration. so of course, when you actually |
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| 26:57 | at the outcrops, everything looks pretty . Layer cake. You know, |
|
| 27:00 | a ton dunk shale, which is shale at the base of the fair |
|
| 27:04 | shown a white here. Then you these cliff forming deltas and shore |
|
| 27:09 | although they're shown is relatively narrow, bodies, you know, up to |
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| 27:14 | to 5 kilometers wide when you're only at a half a kilometer outcrop, |
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| 27:19 | know, most depart. It just like a horizontal layer of uniform |
|
| 27:23 | Off course they aren't. You they are over this, this scale |
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| 27:27 | observation. But as you start to the lateral area of observation, you |
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| 27:32 | realize that these shore face and delta stones pinch out clown form. But |
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| 27:37 | chloroform angles are less than a So they're not obvious when you just |
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| 27:42 | at the alcohol. So you won't see that in the extremely vertically exaggerated |
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| 27:47 | that that that happens when you put the cross section and, uh, |
|
| 27:54 | . So Sarah sent me her assignment I think, and she did a |
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| 27:58 | nice job of vertically exaggerated for me emphasize the strata graphic relationships. I |
|
| 28:02 | that was You did that right, ? Yeah. Yeah. So that |
|
| 28:07 | a good example of of using vertical to enhance the observation of strata graphic |
|
| 28:13 | that may be less obvious than Exaggerated world and the reason why |
|
| 28:18 | why There's so much layer Kate with photography's. Because, you know, |
|
| 28:22 | you're working out crops, you don't appreciate that the rocks you're looking at |
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| 28:27 | this climb form and complexity anyway. said that, the fairness is a |
|
| 28:33 | that has a marine shale, a sandstone. And here you can see |
|
| 28:37 | . You could clearly see the sand pinching out thes airflow, viel |
|
| 28:41 | stones on top, there more There's a sandstone on. It's |
|
| 28:45 | right? So that's it. That's channel margin there. Here's another |
|
| 28:48 | You could see it. It's gone Shales. And that's not just |
|
| 28:51 | That's the base of the channel belts come, you know, it comes |
|
| 28:55 | , it goes back up again. comes down. And so these, |
|
| 28:57 | , percent stone bodies, mostly non and you can see some little black |
|
| 29:02 | horizons poking through in these cliffs. , and that's that's all this stuff |
|
| 29:08 | . Okay, now we can We look at the shoreline trajectories. There's |
|
| 29:14 | nag rotational to probe rotational with a bit of degradation. Um, this |
|
| 29:20 | a little degradation. I'll stack. , there's a bit of procreation |
|
| 29:24 | so strata graphic rise strata graphic rise . He's sort of using a flooding |
|
| 29:30 | a datum here. So a top , he could have used this |
|
| 29:33 | Here is the bottom date. so, you know, maybe maybe |
|
| 29:36 | of these clown phones were being dragged by the choice of a top |
|
| 29:39 | So again, be aware of that happens because of dating choice like what's |
|
| 29:43 | ? You see that Paris sequences is uphill in the distal position. That's |
|
| 29:47 | . Geometry. That's a function of the top data, which I reviewed |
|
| 29:52 | for you on. Then we see retro a little retrogression between this Paris |
|
| 29:58 | of the next one. More a big back step procreation aggregation with |
|
| 30:06 | retro gradation. What you'll notice is most of the non Marine Perales faces |
|
| 30:11 | accumulating on the rising phase of of classic wedge right, which makes sense |
|
| 30:17 | the more a you have, the space you have behind the shorelines that |
|
| 30:22 | be filled with something. That's Is Paralititan armory faces that generate normally |
|
| 30:28 | accommodation. But then we also talked the idea so that that describes this |
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| 30:34 | here. The idea of a normal in which there is space behind Thea |
|
| 30:39 | shoreline, the programming integrating shoreline that be filled with something. If there's |
|
| 30:45 | sentiments there, you'll get a Okay, but that lagoon ultimately will |
|
| 30:50 | with Laguna faces. And if you a shoreline, uh, on there's |
|
| 30:56 | a lagoon behind it, you may floodplains channels, wetlands, marshes, |
|
| 31:02 | , ah, variety of of plain, sort of wet, murky |
|
| 31:07 | that those were the smutty faces that with talked about in his 1970 to |
|
| 31:14 | in the Cretaceous Seaway. On the , you know, the supply dominated |
|
| 31:22 | and regression of systems that occurs even base level is rising and substances occurring |
|
| 31:28 | the scenarios that occurred during periods of level fall where you get these negative |
|
| 31:33 | trajectories. I went through these, , in the first week, so |
|
| 31:38 | won't go through these and as much . But, you know, if |
|
| 31:41 | short introductory strongly negative, then the face will superimpose fairweather processes on the |
|
| 31:49 | shelf that will result in fairweather cutting a regressive surface of marine erosion |
|
| 31:57 | that is at the at the base a degrading shore face. And then |
|
| 32:02 | may ride across the top of that the degradation, such as you get |
|
| 32:06 | separate erosion surfaces, a flu viel surface and a marine erosion surface. |
|
| 32:11 | it's been quite a lot of debate to whether that the regressive surface of |
|
| 32:16 | erosion should be the sequence boundary or flu in the road surface. Those |
|
| 32:21 | favor the regressive surface of marine erosion a fundamental, irrational surface. Will |
|
| 32:27 | designated falling stage systems tracked on those think that that's just sort of little |
|
| 32:31 | Eman and valuable, valuable to maybe that not uses the king boundary? |
|
| 32:37 | call that early, late, low, standard early, high |
|
| 32:41 | Okay, so it comes down to normal play tradition. But you can |
|
| 32:46 | get snares where you get you get following sea level, which the trajectory |
|
| 32:49 | the fall is less than less than slope of the basin. In that |
|
| 32:55 | , you get increasing accommodation seaward, you get an increasingly thick, upper |
|
| 33:00 | Paris sequence with a gradation all and yet you'll still get rivers riding |
|
| 33:04 | the top. So in this case only get one erosion surface that's formed |
|
| 33:09 | the rivers riding across the top of degrading delta complex. But you no |
|
| 33:13 | get this shot. Bayshore face on regressive surface of erosion. You get |
|
| 33:17 | entirely confirmable up. Of course, facing succession. The important thing about |
|
| 33:22 | B and C is that in all of falling sea level, you never |
|
| 33:27 | this paralysis wedge of sediment or the tail is. I sometimes call it |
|
| 33:32 | . That's a critical way to distinguish aggressions from supply driven normal regressions. |
|
| 33:38 | that's the lack of this paralysis and so, in general affair in |
|
| 33:43 | has a thick paralysis tail. So is, by and large, dominantly |
|
| 33:47 | regression with just local areas of forced . You notice that, you |
|
| 33:51 | here we go toe horizontal trajectory, is degradation. ALS. Then, |
|
| 33:57 | this Paris secrets, not that Paris , it rises, and it's the |
|
| 34:01 | from here to here that generates this Blue Bay Phil succession so that Bayfield |
|
| 34:07 | is associated with this little Paris sequence . That's that's because there's there's there's |
|
| 34:13 | . There's generation of of of Perak behind the shoreline. You get a |
|
| 34:19 | section. You don't get that if got degradation. So anytime you see |
|
| 34:23 | or green, it's because you've had bit of strata graphic rise, |
|
| 34:28 | And, uh so it you overall, Lee, this has a |
|
| 34:32 | of Perella accommodation, But locally, are times when these strong lines degraded |
|
| 34:37 | here between this unit, uh, two units here, I think this |
|
| 34:41 | one one seed won one be you know, thes program horizontally. |
|
| 34:47 | there's rise. So most of this and green is associated with this drawing |
|
| 34:53 | , this generating for Alec accommodation behind . Thanks. And what I wanna |
|
| 34:58 | is talk a little bit about this of of forced aggressions. So if |
|
| 35:04 | have falling base level, depending on rate that falls, you may get |
|
| 35:09 | series of down stepping shoreline deposits. could be sure faces of Delta's. |
|
| 35:15 | the top case, you know, is down. Step for the specter |
|
| 35:19 | four is down. Step with respect 35 is down. Step with respect |
|
| 35:23 | four, but you notice there's still sand on sand contact even though there's |
|
| 35:27 | little basin would shift and faces. a sand on sand contact so these |
|
| 35:32 | be attached, uh, forced And I think, uh, |
|
| 35:38 | Schelberg and held handsome um, have to this as as a, um |
|
| 35:45 | accretion eri forced aggression. The words current creation of settlements In the In |
|
| 35:51 | lower scenario, sea level falls is rapid. And so you get these |
|
| 35:56 | , uh, falling stage Delta's. the fall in the fall occurs, |
|
| 36:01 | steps so that you need Unit three detached from two. Unit four is |
|
| 36:06 | from 3 to 5 is detached from . So so here you get thinner |
|
| 36:10 | bodies during the falling stage and they're detached. OK, on. Of |
|
| 36:15 | , the thinner that these units uh, the thinner they are, |
|
| 36:20 | more difficult they are to city. seismic data, they they'll fall below |
|
| 36:25 | limit of seismic resolution, as we'll in a minute when sea level rises |
|
| 36:30 | on the waves come back across the . These little mid stand deltas formed |
|
| 36:36 | the forced aggression. Little still stands the forest aggression may experience extensive wave |
|
| 36:42 | or removal by wave processes. So the Dunvegan example, which which I |
|
| 36:50 | you briefly yesterday and I'll talk about more detail in a later lecture today |
|
| 36:56 | do see evidence of incision on you , the down steps not that obvious |
|
| 37:02 | on. I'll be honest with you I did this work, because I'll |
|
| 37:04 | about next. You know, I This is a distributor channel, I |
|
| 37:09 | , Well, that's just that's just delta, Uh, in the |
|
| 37:13 | you know, in 1989 when I my PhD, I briefly mentioned the |
|
| 37:17 | that it might be in size Valley my later sort of Wetmore towards the |
|
| 37:22 | interpretation. But certainly this is if is a non size value and low |
|
| 37:28 | , it's highly attached. You know high stand. The low stand delta |
|
| 37:33 | attached, the previous one, so got continuity of sand on the sands |
|
| 37:38 | sand contact. It also means that surface could be difficult to pick in |
|
| 37:42 | well law because it's a sandal. contact so, you know, unless |
|
| 37:46 | can see what the faces are. may be difficult to pick in a |
|
| 37:49 | audible. We'll talk a bit more that when I get the Dunvegan |
|
| 37:54 | So my colleague Simon Patterson and I graduate students together on he didn't work |
|
| 38:00 | on the book. Cliffs on here see on it might be better, |
|
| 38:05 | . I'm just gonna So just this a little hard to see that, |
|
| 38:09 | know, here is his short faces for this lower one, here it |
|
| 38:14 | the upper one you got, you You got overall strongly. Pro gun |
|
| 38:21 | ALS set of marine Paris sequences Thes . Pretty pretty well wave dominated shore |
|
| 38:27 | in classic classic shore faces and he that there is a flu viel incision |
|
| 38:34 | shore face number seven. And then a low stand shore face floored by |
|
| 38:40 | regressive surface of marine erosion. But a bypass. Oh, so in |
|
| 38:45 | case, the falling stage valley is from the falling stage and low stand |
|
| 38:53 | face by this by bypass. and of course, you know, |
|
| 38:58 | of the reason why there's something missing is because when waves rose back across |
|
| 39:05 | this overall area. It removed some the flu. Viel units distributed channels |
|
| 39:10 | fed this this shoreline appalling. so they have low preservation potential, |
|
| 39:16 | a detachment of the Valley. And low stand. You'll also notice he's |
|
| 39:20 | this dash line here. So here have a short face and there's a |
|
| 39:24 | face and, you know, not obvious that there is a sequence pantry |
|
| 39:29 | short face seven from shore Face number . So these two para sequences are |
|
| 39:34 | by a regressive surface of marine and it's pretty subtle feature on |
|
| 39:40 | Took us a long, a long , actually detect these things, and |
|
| 39:44 | required really good continuous outcrops to detect . But we also found examples of |
|
| 39:50 | in the in the in the So I'm not quite sure why the |
|
| 39:56 | of the slide is cut off, nonetheless, um, so this is |
|
| 39:59 | example of ah unit that will of cardi information in Alberta. This was |
|
| 40:07 | a billion barrel oil field. It of an isolated, elongate sandstone kind |
|
| 40:12 | out in the middle of the It's got Marine Shales above it. |
|
| 40:17 | got marine shells below it, and a marine sandstone. So back in |
|
| 40:22 | seventies and eighties, these things were offshore bars because there was no evidence |
|
| 40:27 | rivers were shorelines associated with the sand . They were fully marine sand bodies |
|
| 40:33 | under lane by Marine shales, and secret strictly came along. It's a |
|
| 40:38 | a minute. What if we have fall of sea level? The |
|
| 40:41 | A series of degrading shorelines in which shoreline trajectory on DFO all of C |
|
| 40:48 | is slow and then more vigorous so we get attached and then detached shorelines |
|
| 40:56 | . Then when the sea level rises , it erodes away the area that |
|
| 41:01 | the faces that were deposited during the pounds, leaving nothing but a pedal |
|
| 41:08 | in the middle of a share Okay, um, and also eroding |
|
| 41:14 | any top set faces on this low delta. So that sort of resulted |
|
| 41:19 | a radical reinterpretation of these offshore bars detached, low stand deltas and shore |
|
| 41:29 | part of the evidence for detachment. this was another unit. This This |
|
| 41:32 | from observations of another Scalabrine unit in called the Viking Formation that Henry Post |
|
| 41:40 | was working on on. They noticed that they would see nice upper coursing |
|
| 41:45 | sequences that every once in a while would see para sequences that had sharp |
|
| 41:50 | sound bodies and in plan view, know, the the racially based and |
|
| 41:58 | would be here. Then the sharp sand bodies would all be sort of |
|
| 42:03 | this region, and then it will back to grace to traditional sand |
|
| 42:07 | So this would be a map right? So you could sort of |
|
| 42:11 | the law faces sharp based and then fit based. And they said, |
|
| 42:15 | , what's going on here? So you put together a cross section is |
|
| 42:18 | of the great traditional base seems to sort of a high stand, Then |
|
| 42:22 | get this regressive surface of marine erosion waves are impinges on a muddy |
|
| 42:27 | Of course, as you go deeper deeper eventually those waves are no longer |
|
| 42:31 | . So you go back thio more part of the short base and body |
|
| 42:36 | it goes back to gradation based. the observation of this of the loss |
|
| 42:41 | this transitional zone at that contact lets recognition that that was a little |
|
| 42:46 | uh, dis conforming that that that was the evidence of a drop of |
|
| 42:52 | level. You also noticed that none these units have any paralysis faces on |
|
| 42:58 | of them. So they and with shore face and go directly back into |
|
| 43:01 | Shales again. That that suggests that have this kind of scenario a supposed |
|
| 43:09 | this kind of scenario suggesting forced Okay. And of course I showed |
|
| 43:13 | this diagram. Last class, we a nice cup of coarsening Paris |
|
| 43:19 | We see well developed climate forms and programming delta. The delta is programming |
|
| 43:25 | that direction, and we see a sharp contact with top lap truncation below |
|
| 43:31 | , and we see a blanketing Marine above it, clearly violating Walther's law |
|
| 43:37 | more detail. Here is the same informally, close up. We can |
|
| 43:42 | that there is ah, it's an , irrational surface. You can see |
|
| 43:47 | , unequivocal evidence of truncation of the below on. Then we could see |
|
| 43:52 | of on lapping marine mud stone on that undulating on conformity. We can |
|
| 43:58 | as to whether it's unconfirmed was cut rivers or whether it was waves. |
|
| 44:02 | believe that most of this erosion is result of wave wave erosion during |
|
| 44:07 | So we interpret this as a this community or a marine erosion |
|
| 44:12 | There's no evidence of preserved flew the faces associated with nonconformity. Having said |
|
| 44:21 | , there are large pebbles and those are probably carried by rivers. But |
|
| 44:28 | those rivers have been completely reworked by , leaving nothing but the but a |
|
| 44:33 | lag deposits. The word lag in case means the material what's left behind |
|
| 44:38 | it's too course to remove. In , we have, uh, |
|
| 44:43 | This was a identified for me by Langston that paleontologist at the University of |
|
| 44:48 | at Austin as a vertebral element from juvenile Marine. Please use or, |
|
| 44:54 | , on. We also see a of a Marie of a Marine Sophia |
|
| 44:59 | Agora, which is a borrowing shrimp puts fecal pallets on this wall on |
|
| 45:05 | thing has toppled over and been included part of the lab. Okay, |
|
| 45:11 | that's kind of a preamble to this . Now get into the main part |
|
| 45:17 | it. So the Cretaceous interior Seaway bean at the very center of a |
|
| 45:23 | standing debate about about the origin of shelf sand stones. In case of |
|
| 45:28 | Shales on the seventies, thes thes a very critical exploration target in these |
|
| 45:36 | well drilled basins. And the lack overlying non marine deposits led many away |
|
| 45:43 | interpreting these assed shoreline or Delta So the idea is that there was |
|
| 45:48 | sort of distal shelf deposit and thes sandstorms are being discovered right around the |
|
| 45:56 | that there was enormous explosion off of . Y'all just doing surveying of marine |
|
| 46:03 | . A lot of that work showed the shells were very energetic, with |
|
| 46:06 | tides and storms and waves that were of moving sentiment. And so the |
|
| 46:12 | is, Well, maybe the shelf very dynamic, and it's capable of |
|
| 46:16 | sentiment bodies. Um and, so and then we're gonna go to |
|
| 46:22 | to these next the next problem, is which is the multitude of |
|
| 46:29 | So this is in a nutshell, the model and you'll recognize this. |
|
| 46:32 | hope this is the ask with diagram showed you in the cloud a form |
|
| 46:36 | yesterday extended into Matthew. And you I said that asked with noted that |
|
| 46:43 | were the sand bodies referred to us bars that occurred. You know eso |
|
| 46:49 | we have 100 miles, 60 kilometers the shoreline to the shelf. And |
|
| 46:55 | , you know, 50 miles offshore this model, there's a sand body |
|
| 47:00 | was interpreted to be deposited 50 miles the shore. Lem okay on that |
|
| 47:06 | things like the Hartzog draw and the sandstone in Wyoming, as well as |
|
| 47:13 | Kardian sandstone in Alberta. So the information Alberta on the Shannon Sandstone and |
|
| 47:20 | in Wyoming were interpreted as shelf When I was just for getting my |
|
| 47:26 | , this was This was the This the big research topic. We were |
|
| 47:30 | beginning to understand storms on shelf And the idea is thes shelf sands |
|
| 47:38 | built by these complex shelf processes on sand. Stones were built, tens |
|
| 47:48 | , many tens of kilometers, see of the shoreline. And so here |
|
| 47:54 | the sort of simple plan view model generated from the block diagram. The |
|
| 47:59 | is that you've matched this elongate sand and land is far away. So |
|
| 48:05 | the interpretation shelf, sand or offshore interpretation is that the sediment bodies were |
|
| 48:11 | built up in the middle of the by by some sort of shelf processes |
|
| 48:16 | involved waves and possibly tides. Then sequence particulars came along and said, |
|
| 48:22 | , wait a minute. Maybe there's forced aggression that deposits shoreline that's attached |
|
| 48:28 | the land on. Then, during , three evidence of the land faces |
|
| 48:34 | eroded away by transgression. Okay? the reason that these sands or |
|
| 48:39 | is because longshore drift moves the sand shore as a shore face. Pretty |
|
| 48:44 | model. So that so. That this from a static scene of a |
|
| 48:49 | toe, a dynamic scene of So the big difference is rather than |
|
| 48:54 | static sea level on these things growing in the middle of nowhere, you |
|
| 48:58 | , Why don't we just drop seat to here and then rise it back |
|
| 49:02 | ? And in the process of we decapitate or way we rode away |
|
| 49:12 | evidence that this sandstone was ever Thio these units through rivers that run |
|
| 49:17 | that surface. We'll talk about why how that could happen. Okay, |
|
| 49:23 | then there was sort of another which is Maybe the elongate nature of |
|
| 49:29 | sand stones relates to the fact that sea floor has a complicated, undulating |
|
| 49:36 | . On these sounds stand stones deposited strata graphic clothes on. In |
|
| 49:41 | maybe they're they're coming from the northwest opposed to that direction. That that |
|
| 49:46 | like a more complicated interpretation that But in this one lands to the |
|
| 49:52 | on this one, land is more the north, so these are somewhat |
|
| 49:55 | interpretations. And then the last interpretation that thes and stones are incised |
|
| 50:03 | Uh, now they're largely shallow Marine body. So the idea is, |
|
| 50:07 | , there's some sort of estuarine sandstone people recognized a lot some title influence |
|
| 50:13 | some of these sand bodies and suggested maybe this was in the size valley |
|
| 50:18 | again, putting land in that Right? So you could say we |
|
| 50:22 | a problem here. We haven't least separate interpretations for these sand bodies. |
|
| 50:29 | know what, folks? I missed . Another interpretation that was that was |
|
| 50:36 | for for some of these sand bodies that they were turban ized. |
|
| 50:41 | I decided not to complicated by showing one, but we could add turbines |
|
| 50:45 | there. I'll just put a t that now gives us five interpretations of |
|
| 50:50 | same sound bodies. No, I know about you, but if you've |
|
| 50:54 | a sand body and you can't figure whether it's a flu Viel Valley or |
|
| 50:57 | deepwater ter, but I that's pretty like that. That's that. |
|
| 51:01 | huh? Like your that confused, , Why is it so confusing? |
|
| 51:07 | , Mhm. Now, I'm going argue in this talk, Uh, |
|
| 51:12 | this is the correct model. And my model. By the way, |
|
| 51:16 | this one works in some places and , yeah, that that's sometimes |
|
| 51:22 | And this one is never right. , Andi, I'll show you my |
|
| 51:26 | . I'll let you let you decide one you like. I wanna talk |
|
| 51:31 | about valleys, so obviously you the valley that we like in sequence |
|
| 51:37 | is the classic valley that's cut by during a base level fall. That |
|
| 51:43 | of Nick Point that allows the river in signs the knick point being the |
|
| 51:47 | over which there is a change from flatter to a steeper slope as you |
|
| 51:53 | , quit stalling this morning. you can also get rift valleys, |
|
| 51:59 | is structurally controlled. And of you could get. You could get |
|
| 52:03 | rift valleys which occur at oceanic ridges . You can also get other kinds |
|
| 52:07 | valleys in the marine realm. So do point out that not all valleys |
|
| 52:12 | to be in sized. Okay, that's kind of a valuable point to |
|
| 52:16 | now, in size valleys caused by level fall do not produce and your |
|
| 52:21 | deformities they produced this conformity these there's tilting of strata, you know, |
|
| 52:28 | faced his underlie. There's a flat and you have simple truncation. And |
|
| 52:32 | lap okay, contrast in a in Rift valley, you'll get differential tilting |
|
| 52:38 | the layers. And then you've got lapping of the overline film. So |
|
| 52:43 | any kind of tectonic lee produced you should see more complex truncation |
|
| 52:48 | more important, tilting of the Okay, now I should have thought |
|
| 52:56 | gonna do a little thought experiment. I just happen to be working the |
|
| 53:00 | cliffs. So the book cliffs, , starts up in in price. |
|
| 53:07 | on then goes all the way down western margin Green River that always the |
|
| 53:11 | out to Grand Junction Bond. These rocks. John Van Wagoner cut his |
|
| 53:16 | with the excellent group doing a lot detailed sequence photography on Duh. I've |
|
| 53:22 | a huge amount of work on the down in this area just south of |
|
| 53:26 | Rafael. Swell. And I've also some work on the Western Margin. |
|
| 53:31 | book cliffs kind of in the salon . So this is an area of |
|
| 53:35 | that know very well, okay. this is just a false color, |
|
| 53:39 | of cartographic image of the area. ? I just said I'm gonna imagine |
|
| 53:44 | we bring back the quotation seaway. , so I'm gonna flood this |
|
| 53:49 | Okay? Now there's a river, let's try a blue color. Here |
|
| 53:58 | is the Price River, which flows . And then there's the Green |
|
| 54:01 | which flows down the greener of Okay, we've got two rivers |
|
| 54:05 | Of course, if we flooded this , these rivers would begin to build |
|
| 54:09 | . So there is the Green River , and there's the Price River Delta |
|
| 54:13 | . And if this area floods might go all the way down here. |
|
| 54:17 | , of course, you know, this delta here is relatively unconfined. |
|
| 54:21 | these deltas, you know, have worry about the Sandra Fell island, |
|
| 54:24 | is a big you know. It's it's a pretty big you know, |
|
| 54:28 | ft vertical relief feature. Right? if we if we allow these deltas |
|
| 54:34 | build, But sand bodies, we low bait sand bodies and get elongate |
|
| 54:42 | bodies on their filling in whatever Uh, symmetry is available. |
|
| 54:50 | So these the theoretical ice cream with , san thickness, maps that we |
|
| 54:55 | if we allow these rivers to fill marine seaway that flooded this complex |
|
| 55:02 | So I say, voila. We elongate Delta X and bombings that have |
|
| 55:07 | to do with waves, by the , okay. And you know, |
|
| 55:11 | may get title enhancement in these elongate , and we also see evidence that |
|
| 55:17 | sand stones would on lap the subtle or the structures. Okay, so |
|
| 55:24 | a great theoretical model. Does it work? So in 1994 I was |
|
| 55:31 | a field trip to Wyoming with led the late Rock Tillman. Great guy |
|
| 55:39 | duh Rod was showing these really amazing of these tied dominated faces. |
|
| 55:47 | uh, at this point in the , there's a pebble bed. And |
|
| 55:54 | , Rod was saying that pebble bed an incised valley like wow in size |
|
| 55:59 | . This sounds still here, is with tight across stratification, almost no |
|
| 56:04 | . And it looks about as s tied dominators it gets. And so |
|
| 56:09 | was interpreting this as an estuary and we were about maybe 2 300 |
|
| 56:16 | away from this. After all, never visited it. I noticed these |
|
| 56:20 | forms. I said, Rod, that? And he said, |
|
| 56:23 | I I think that's that's lateral Like now I said, Yeah, |
|
| 56:28 | it courses upward. I mean, creation should be in a channel that |
|
| 56:32 | basting fine upwards. This looks creation in the course, of course, |
|
| 56:36 | up. And I'm like, that extend. It's more like more |
|
| 56:39 | a tie dominate delta. To it doesn't look like, um Esther |
|
| 56:44 | channel film. Anyway, he sort mumbled a bit and didn't didn't think |
|
| 56:48 | more about it and that was in . So, you know, I |
|
| 56:55 | of kept that in the back of pocket, like, Wow, that's |
|
| 56:59 | really interesting unit. And I'm I'm like, I don't know what |
|
| 57:03 | hell that is, but it doesn't like value me. It's got marine |
|
| 57:07 | below and above it. Then there's shale. There's actually there's a |
|
| 57:13 | their volcanic ash flow that seems to like nothing about his interpreter. There's |
|
| 57:18 | bentonite down there. You can see white layer, so there's bentonite, |
|
| 57:22 | bed. Tonight's above and below this bed on. They seem TB extensive |
|
| 57:28 | the area. And so, in and I went on the field trip |
|
| 57:33 | I was working for Atlantic Richfield Company 1995 I quit Atlantic Richfield Company and |
|
| 57:40 | a job at the Bureau of Economic work with Brian Willis, and we |
|
| 57:45 | doing a massive reservoir characterization project. were looking for some outcrops to work |
|
| 57:51 | , and I said, You guys, you know, nobody knows |
|
| 57:54 | a tide dominated Delta looks like like under studied, I said I was |
|
| 57:58 | field trip. A few years ago Tillman, a man, I swear |
|
| 58:02 | saw these outcrops that looked like a on a delta. I don't think |
|
| 58:06 | interpretation was writing. He was saying they were incised valleys. Then he |
|
| 58:10 | saying they were shelf Sounds like nothing sense. I said, Why don't |
|
| 58:13 | go have a look at these after and see if if if, if |
|
| 58:16 | the right outcrop to do Reservoir characterization ? The funny thing is Brian and |
|
| 58:22 | doesn't was saying We don't know Exxon us to work on the Gallup formation |
|
| 58:27 | , you know, that's more of shore face. No Tower walked in |
|
| 58:30 | room and heard the tail end of conversation and said, You don't want |
|
| 58:34 | work ashore, Face. You need work a tide dominated delta and |
|
| 58:39 | then surely doesn't looked at us and , Well, I guess we're gonna |
|
| 58:41 | the fruit. Sandstone. I'm Yeah, so anyway, so So |
|
| 58:45 | I dragged Brian Willis on his Tom Sharon Gabel, who he's now |
|
| 58:51 | Thio, and we spent two years on this outcrop bond, all the |
|
| 58:56 | , and we came up with a different interpretation, uh, than Rock |
|
| 59:01 | had done nothing against Rod. Rod This was a part time project for |
|
| 59:05 | . He'd done a couple of weeks fieldwork over a few years with, |
|
| 59:08 | know, a few days here and . You know, we spent 18 |
|
| 59:12 | like just attacking. Just attacked the out of chakra, hanging on ropes |
|
| 59:17 | the sections. Currently, these Ben well, I was heading a |
|
| 59:22 | So there's the cliff section I showed before. It's about 100 ft high |
|
| 59:26 | . You could see these beautiful, faces with these little bet sets. |
|
| 59:31 | coarsening upward. The lower faces consist these amazing hair. Terrific rippled sand |
|
| 59:38 | with black clay drapes, these air muds uh, just a few little |
|
| 59:43 | vertical horizontal burrows. Very low levels motivation on this is about his title |
|
| 59:49 | it gets. Okay, the lack burning suggests that there's probably a lot |
|
| 59:53 | brackish water influence here. And when collected microfossils from these shales, there |
|
| 59:58 | 95% percent spores and pollen and 5% of brackish marine Donna flashlights, no |
|
| 60:07 | and no other body fossils of So so the sandstone was connected to |
|
| 60:12 | sea, but it was pretty brackish . That was why, you |
|
| 60:17 | so that sort of concurred with Rob's that these were kind of restaurant, |
|
| 60:22 | they're not channels there. Delta's because Courson upwards. So we disagree that |
|
| 60:27 | channels and he wasn't very stronger than . But I think he was right |
|
| 60:31 | there's some sort of festering style of . But the question is, what's |
|
| 60:36 | estuary is in a valley, or it or what? You know |
|
| 60:39 | What is what is the container that the estuary? A nester recently, |
|
| 60:45 | place where we're taught where fresh and water mixes on. Then, as |
|
| 60:51 | go up sandbagging, see nice doing , cross bedding okay, and you |
|
| 60:56 | see little clay drapes here. If look right here, you can see |
|
| 61:01 | is the sandy four set. Then a lower clay drape. Then we |
|
| 61:05 | a ripple that's going in the exact direction. There's another clay great, |
|
| 61:10 | then Sandy force it, and that absolutely classic title bundles where you have |
|
| 61:15 | dune that's migrating. It stops. get a clay drape when you get |
|
| 61:19 | reverse tied That makes a little ripple up to do another clay drape. |
|
| 61:24 | then and then the strong tide takes again The dune continues moving. So |
|
| 61:29 | is this is absolutely classic title cross . Um, so that s so |
|
| 61:36 | the other thing that we did is So we looked at these outcrops. |
|
| 61:41 | Sandman is all along the outcrop which is this margin here. In |
|
| 61:47 | , these these sand bodies were extensively sorry extensively drilled in the powder River |
|
| 61:54 | . So I took the contacts photography we define the crops on extended those |
|
| 61:58 | correlations in the subsurface and map the volumes come what we found, where |
|
| 62:06 | bait sand bodies that were very wave and elongate sound bodies that were very |
|
| 62:11 | dominate. Now here's what's interesting. elongate sand body looks like one of |
|
| 62:20 | elongate sand bodies that I started the with. Okay. And of |
|
| 62:25 | the way that these elongate sand bodies been interpreted by all the previous researchers |
|
| 62:30 | that these air some sort of offshore facing the open ocean with land in |
|
| 62:35 | direction. But I said I said wait a minute. This sandstone here |
|
| 62:43 | hunky cross stratification, short faces Nick nous all the classic evidence of |
|
| 62:50 | totally wave dominated delta. But this down, this sandstone hasn't got a |
|
| 62:57 | off a single piece of evidence that were ever important. No wave ripples |
|
| 63:03 | hunky cross stratification is just It's 100% . I'm like, What the hell |
|
| 63:08 | the sandstone from waves when there's no stones out there. So something protected |
|
| 63:13 | sandstone. You can maybe see where is beginning to go. I also |
|
| 63:19 | is that this sand body is younger and lies behind this wave dominated |
|
| 63:25 | Okay, Now, in terms of cross sectional relationships, A A prime |
|
| 63:30 | from this elongate sand body to this bank sand body on the elongate sand |
|
| 63:35 | Actually consists of two of two is to sand bodies in here, and |
|
| 63:40 | both elongate. It was hard to them from mapping persons purposes, so |
|
| 63:44 | lumped in one map here I called one influence, too. And what |
|
| 63:50 | noticed is that there was a there that pebble bed that we talked about |
|
| 63:55 | that's over line and I'm laying by . What we noticed is that is |
|
| 63:59 | the pebble bed rises towards the base that sad body, the bentonite above |
|
| 64:05 | below that level, but also Now, that's very weird. If |
|
| 64:09 | pebble bed was an incised valley, should truncate the layers below it and |
|
| 64:15 | be on lap by the layers above . That's not what we see. |
|
| 64:19 | we see is is the layers below or bent in the same orientations of |
|
| 64:25 | Bad and the the Ash low, above. It has also been |
|
| 64:30 | uh, that makes no sense that , that looks like this is |
|
| 64:35 | This is not incised Valley. This a flat pebble air that's been |
|
| 64:40 | And what's interesting is at at section , we see large scale cross bedded |
|
| 64:46 | stones. Okay, now, if if that meant that bentonite had to |
|
| 64:52 | deposited flat at one time, So if there was a flat bentonite |
|
| 64:57 | this fru ins unit was down then as you go down the clown |
|
| 65:01 | , you should get more distal cross . And that's not what you |
|
| 65:05 | What you see is a thinner transitional . And so I said, this |
|
| 65:10 | whole thing is really weird. Looks this area was folded, creating a |
|
| 65:15 | low, and this elongate sand body deposit down the structural low, and |
|
| 65:21 | was a bump out here, and coming in from that area shoveled over |
|
| 65:24 | bump on were incapable of reworking with sandstone. It sounds like a weird |
|
| 65:31 | , but it's the only one that its photography on the physical geometry On |
|
| 65:37 | the origin of this elongate sandstone that no evidence of waves, despite the |
|
| 65:44 | that physically it should be facing an ocean. But it's clearly not. |
|
| 65:48 | sitting in a structural low that's protected waves. Yeah, so so |
|
| 65:56 | sorry for long explanation. But, know, part of the reason I |
|
| 65:59 | through that is to explain how extremely analysis of the sediment ology the buyer |
|
| 66:05 | , the observation of title sentiment structures the ability to distinguish a title environment |
|
| 66:10 | a wave environment you know, forced to interpret the fru ins as a |
|
| 66:14 | dominated bar finger delta sitting and sitting a low area. And, of |
|
| 66:20 | , most lows were interpreting size which was a reasonable interpretation. And |
|
| 66:26 | is why Rob Timlin interpret as an . But the problem is, you |
|
| 66:30 | , raw. Just never considered that could be a structural value. You |
|
| 66:34 | , eso You know, his interpretation reasonable, but just not quite |
|
| 66:38 | Oh, so we interpreted the elongate Delta as building into a structural low |
|
| 66:46 | on lap against the structural harm against flank of that of that fold. |
|
| 66:51 | ? And, of course, the influence low on laps the willow |
|
| 66:56 | which was there after the structural low created on before that last remaining accommodation |
|
| 67:03 | filled in. And, of the southern part of the willow sandstone |
|
| 67:07 | indeed face the open ocean. And got all the classic features of a |
|
| 67:11 | shore face. So, uh, the other thing we see is that |
|
| 67:17 | units extract ladder stacked laterally. Now I want to talk about this |
|
| 67:24 | sampling a bit more detail. So started to track this this pedal bed |
|
| 67:28 | the way to the south. And and behold, it eventually grew into |
|
| 67:32 | beautiful, stacked, awkward coarsening shore deposits and refer to these as the |
|
| 67:38 | the Harlem sandstone. Ask that question quick. How did you? It |
|
| 67:44 | like on one of your previous cross that you picked a biased photographic top |
|
| 67:49 | . Hang your datum on. Is what you did for us? All |
|
| 67:52 | for your data? Which e? it. One. It was K |
|
| 68:01 | . Was was the top that you everything off. You pick the right |
|
| 68:04 | to do this interpretation. Oh, . Uh, e don't wanna make |
|
| 68:10 | back up for forever. Not just interesting how you picked the data for |
|
| 68:15 | . Yeah, We, uh um about I come back to that |
|
| 68:22 | Yeah, that's totally fine. Yeah. I'm gonna answer that question |
|
| 68:28 | you get to slide 47. so we're 33 now, so the |
|
| 68:31 | is coming up just so just hold your hat and I'll explain it. |
|
| 68:36 | , in the aircraft, we should used a floating section. We didn't |
|
| 68:39 | have a date. Um, you , I just arranged the rocks the |
|
| 68:41 | I thought they were deposited. it's sort of loose. It's |
|
| 68:45 | Not really hung in upper daytime, . but nor it's a lower |
|
| 68:48 | Uh, okay. Anyway, so come back to that. So what |
|
| 68:53 | saw in in in this cross section we get these three on. Where's |
|
| 68:57 | scale? Here. That's 20 So, you know, we got |
|
| 69:02 | 30 40 50 50 m of short . They're all gone over here, |
|
| 69:07 | ? That's a lot of geology to . Right. So we see this |
|
| 69:11 | , uh, erosion surface highlighted in . You got bent. Tonight's above |
|
| 69:16 | below that erosion surface. You can how they're converging as you go from |
|
| 69:21 | to north. Okay, We've got truncation of thes of the shore faces |
|
| 69:27 | that, that green erosion of marine all surface. And, uh, |
|
| 69:33 | this area, we see nice all based upward course and facing |
|
| 69:37 | Okay. And, uh, in media position here, I will never |
|
| 69:43 | driving down this ugly old farm dirt that stop. I said, |
|
| 69:47 | Look at that conglomerate separating the Marine above from these distant shore face deposits |
|
| 69:53 | the beautiful, beautiful public conglomerate Wow, look at that. And |
|
| 69:57 | course, now we go to this , I'll never forget the day that |
|
| 70:01 | was, I was I was. had my my pick ax, and |
|
| 70:04 | was digging through these mud stones and was like Funk, fuck Funk ching |
|
| 70:11 | said, Wow, I've hit something I pulled out this beautiful Kabul. |
|
| 70:15 | it? Wow, there's a There's pebble horizon in the middle of mud |
|
| 70:21 | that look exactly same above and below that pebble Horizons. Always exactly same |
|
| 70:25 | . So there's the bypass surface, ? So there is the evidence of |
|
| 70:30 | UN conformity easily missed. If you , if you're not very careful, |
|
| 70:34 | could miss that single layer of But when you find your like, |
|
| 70:38 | , there it is. That was excited. Now, if you |
|
| 70:43 | if we jump up strata graphically to younger sandstone, this was another |
|
| 70:47 | We drove by every day on our our way to look at the |
|
| 70:50 | You're working long, I said, , look at that pinch out of |
|
| 70:53 | sandstone it myself. The question here looks like it's gone. So when |
|
| 70:59 | when I became a professor at UT , I gave this outcrop to my |
|
| 71:04 | student going back well off to And so he noticed, like I |
|
| 71:08 | myself a coarsening the same feature we in the previous slide in a youngest |
|
| 71:13 | unit. Massive top erosion of that body. On there is the top |
|
| 71:20 | truncation and the erosion of the Bali eso He noticed this. This |
|
| 71:27 | a gradation rebased top truncated upper coarsening succession. Interpret is a classic shore |
|
| 71:34 | wave dominated shore face. There is upper questioning. There is the transgressive |
|
| 71:39 | conformity and lower in the sand we see borrowed hunky, stratified sound |
|
| 71:44 | with little pebble beds, and eventually found Pebble Beach deposits. And |
|
| 71:49 | during big storms, those pebbles of from the beach and just shut it |
|
| 71:53 | into the lower shore face. No there. On DSO we have |
|
| 71:58 | a sand stones with these little cuddly beds on top of sand body. |
|
| 72:04 | see this beautiful, very sharp surface a pedley sandstone to conglomerate from the |
|
| 72:12 | stones below. And that's the transgressive conformity. And locally we see a |
|
| 72:19 | Siris of sharp bald fella Zanardi's burrows the boroughs air filled with pebbly |
|
| 72:26 | So that's the transgressive lag filling in open burrows on DSO that so that's |
|
| 72:33 | we call the glossy from giant signal ease, which is a substrate specific |
|
| 72:39 | that's commonly indicative of transgressive erosion So this is how those form you |
|
| 72:46 | a pro grading shoreline, see another erodes away all the soft sediment on |
|
| 72:53 | material. It's eroded away is deposited a reworked, transgressive lag deposit. |
|
| 73:00 | Post material calls that the healing fans there's the openwork burrows. This trans |
|
| 73:06 | continues. The open burrows get filled with the transgressive faces. There |
|
| 73:11 | uh, this is actually a title . That surface eso there is the |
|
| 73:16 | substrate, and any burrows that burrow the sand stone will be over lane |
|
| 73:21 | a conglomerate lag seen here in the . That's analogous to the pebble conglomerate |
|
| 73:27 | see filling in the opium or for in the ancient example. So the |
|
| 73:31 | is the key to interpret in the . In this case now, I've |
|
| 73:36 | a lot about the fact that during aggression you can have rivers okay, |
|
| 73:42 | in in the next lecture, we'll about deaths of rivers. Okay, |
|
| 73:47 | know. The average river in the Seaway is a few meters deep, |
|
| 73:53 | up to about 10 m. Theme erosion due to waves by a transgressing |
|
| 74:00 | face will be anywhere between 10 to m. So if you have 5 |
|
| 74:06 | 10 m of erosion by waves and to 10 m deep rivers, they |
|
| 74:12 | no preservation potential unless there in below way face when when the waves |
|
| 74:17 | riding back across the surface, they're rode away everything you know, so |
|
| 74:22 | might preserve little bits of river but most of it's gonna be |
|
| 74:25 | And of course, the represent ran the surface. That sentiment will be |
|
| 74:31 | as a single layer off pedals. pebbles had to originate by rivers flowing |
|
| 74:37 | . The rivers weren't very deep. rivers have gone with the record of |
|
| 74:41 | material that they carried is left as transgressive leg. So that's how we |
|
| 74:47 | thes thes single layers of petals encased marine shales. They record the surfaces |
|
| 74:54 | the rivers originally ran over and then reworked and largely eroded by later |
|
| 75:01 | Here's the work That boy and Vaccarello what he noticed is nice. Crude |
|
| 75:06 | , traditional upper coarsening faces successions culminating a classic cross bedded shore face. |
|
| 75:12 | notice that the upper shore face deposits progressively eroded. Then the lower shore |
|
| 75:17 | deposits eroded. Finally, you get zone faces directly over, laid by |
|
| 75:22 | lag and then deep water. And attributed this erosion to uplift in this |
|
| 75:30 | . And not only did he see that evidence of uplifting the outcrops, |
|
| 75:35 | also saw using the well on So this is an example of a |
|
| 75:39 | log. And, uh, I'm to switch my color here so all |
|
| 75:51 | these little kicks are bent. Tonight's . All these event tonight so you |
|
| 75:55 | see a bentonite there in the There on. Once again, you |
|
| 75:59 | see the bentonite. So he's hung this up top bentonite here the lower |
|
| 76:03 | look like they're folded, uh, uplift. And there's a line drawing |
|
| 76:09 | . There is a sound body upward racially gradation based off questioning settlement |
|
| 76:13 | About 20 minutes and it's gone. there it za shale about Michelle below |
|
| 76:19 | a single layer of Kabul's Okay, . We see exactly same thing in |
|
| 76:25 | second frontier sandstone that we saw in Harland sandstone. That's about 100 m |
|
| 76:30 | down. So here's a syriza cross that bland put together. Okay, |
|
| 76:37 | cross sections go from southwest to so that's the direction the cross sections |
|
| 76:43 | the pitch out of the sandstone body marked by the red line. |
|
| 76:48 | so what boy I noticed is is is that you could correlate the position |
|
| 76:52 | the basin where this truncation occurs. always and it's a linear feature. |
|
| 76:58 | he suggested that this part of the was moving up on this part of |
|
| 77:01 | basin was staying low, and so was some sort of boundary there liniment |
|
| 77:07 | reflected a change in the uplift of basin. Now this uplift is pretty |
|
| 77:13 | , right? You know, there's fold here. This areas high in |
|
| 77:15 | area is low. This area is 20 m higher than that low area |
|
| 77:20 | then so there's 20 m of drop elevation over over many tens of |
|
| 77:25 | The slope of that fold is less 1/10 of a degree, so it's |
|
| 77:29 | very subtle structural feature. Okay, , this comes back to. I |
|
| 77:35 | it's Joseph's question, which is what use for data, right? If |
|
| 77:39 | use a lower datum, we see nice clown farms, and then we |
|
| 77:44 | these rather interesting erosion all geometries. then we see folding in the younger |
|
| 77:50 | so that can't be bentonite can't be like that. So when we hang |
|
| 77:55 | the soap box, that box band you know, these things look fairly |
|
| 77:59 | , but then we see more and folding in the lower units. So |
|
| 78:03 | we think happened was that these things originally depositors flat. These kind of |
|
| 78:08 | were probably correct up to about But between the deposition of these units |
|
| 78:13 | those units that was folding occurred so folding there probably is not folding. |
|
| 78:20 | reflects the fact that these were So we start to flatten on this |
|
| 78:24 | , we start to see these lower a strongly folded. Now, the |
|
| 78:28 | thing you'll notice is that there is of this sand body on that sand |
|
| 78:32 | on that sand body, separated by because they're in different sandstone tones. |
|
| 78:38 | yet the erosion always occurs between the two wells. Same here. The |
|
| 78:44 | and the erosion and of the sand occur on different sides of this of |
|
| 78:49 | well, and the same place in basement that's gonna be tectonics, |
|
| 78:55 | Sea level. The unconfirmed shift lag see what is on track. Sea |
|
| 78:59 | . But these sand stones are all in the same position in the basin |
|
| 79:03 | that's Fillmore, compatible with false basically The layer is up and down. |
|
| 79:10 | , we notice is that there is on that on that the time strata |
|
| 79:14 | control. There was about half a years between these un conformity These so |
|
| 79:18 | suggested that these air low, low angular on conformity ease reflecting reactivation of |
|
| 79:25 | faults at durations of about half a years. I'm gonna give you |
|
| 79:31 | final example we've got. Maybe we'll . We'll go about another 10 15 |
|
| 79:37 | . Also, I'll go a little on this one. The panther tongue |
|
| 79:40 | another low beta delta that pro grades the axis of the western interior Foreland |
|
| 79:47 | . Okay, so there's the paleo direction. We see well developed a |
|
| 79:53 | facing successions with Cardiff arms and a , transgressive un conformity on top. |
|
| 80:01 | , lower down. We see evidence little Delta front urbanites with little |
|
| 80:06 | Scalia's burrows and likely horizontally borrowed intervening stones. So these were interpreted sort |
|
| 80:13 | Azaz Delta turbin lights. Uh, the faces show relatively low levels of |
|
| 80:21 | . Further south, the participation increases we move farther away to the river |
|
| 80:28 | . And and one of the points I make is that is that detailed |
|
| 80:33 | of the southern ontology of the mud at the base of another Precaution unit |
|
| 80:38 | tell whether or not it's non Deltek indicated here by the Astros. SOMO |
|
| 80:43 | Summer and Rise a Corral, Liam Scallop Hillsborough's versus these uncultivated settlements that |
|
| 80:51 | on abundance of normally grated silt stone that represent Delta Front urbanites. So |
|
| 80:56 | would be river dominated pro delta, this would be barred debated non delta |
|
| 81:02 | . So the sentiment ology of these truncated units shows abundant evidence for direct |
|
| 81:09 | from waning river plumes or timidity cards even hyper Pickman flows. Azzawi go |
|
| 81:14 | in the sand body. We see normally, and in some cases in |
|
| 81:19 | graded sediments that we interpret as the deposition from from waning river plumes. |
|
| 81:28 | eso the faces records low diversity by . Low diversity of Cigna fauna stunting |
|
| 81:38 | Global motivation index a swell as physical processes that indicates winning river flows and |
|
| 81:45 | . None of that sounds like an ocean to me, the tops of |
|
| 81:50 | units of top Trump stated. Now say that, you know, excellent |
|
| 81:55 | these things rivers, but they're, they underlie they over like glossy fringe |
|
| 82:00 | like no phases there There is some of marine borough. We see oyster |
|
| 82:05 | in the sand stones we see blocks ripped up beach rock. So we |
|
| 82:09 | that these air actually, Trent, is actually high energy transgressive wave |
|
| 82:15 | not flu viel. Although some of core screen material may represent the eroded |
|
| 82:20 | of rivers that once ran across this . So we see the same message |
|
| 82:25 | see in the Panther tongue, which campaigning in Utah as we do in |
|
| 82:30 | in these sand stones. In the the pattern We're Basin, which showed |
|
| 82:34 | same top truncation of upward course in shoreline, follows some of which they're |
|
| 82:40 | dominance, some of which the wave and some of which the river dominance |
|
| 82:45 | Henry, Postman Tear and Bill Others said, Well, you |
|
| 82:49 | it looks like the Panther tongues programming parallel to the axis of the Forum |
|
| 82:55 | . And they said in this very evidence of wave reworking with these, |
|
| 82:58 | would prevent these areas from being reworked ways it may be that the area |
|
| 83:04 | the east was high. This is to sound like a theme, |
|
| 83:09 | And they were doing this this work the time I left Atlantic Richfield, |
|
| 83:13 | started this project with them, then . You know, I I interpreted |
|
| 83:18 | control as a key high area that protects the these deltas from waves in |
|
| 83:24 | in the center main ian Frontier They were making exact the same interpretation |
|
| 83:30 | a structural high protecting this area from in the campaign panther tongue in the |
|
| 83:36 | Rafael swell area. So their interpretation much supported this theoretical model I made |
|
| 83:42 | the Panther tongue is protected from ways Sandra Fail Island now, Sandra Fail |
|
| 83:49 | was not as high during the deposition the Panther tongue. It might have |
|
| 83:53 | , you know, a few tens leaders of high on that was later |
|
| 83:58 | reactivated during the liar in my garage E, but nevertheless that they're suggesting |
|
| 84:02 | very similar panty geography for the definition the Panther, Tom. So this |
|
| 84:07 | essentially, ah, schematic version of paleo geography. Yeah. So the |
|
| 84:15 | to the south sounds problems that we on suggested that many of these operated |
|
| 84:20 | are not some sort of shelf sandstone 50 kilometers from the shoreline on the |
|
| 84:26 | for that is is the sediment body their low bait to elongate. |
|
| 84:32 | they have radiating period occurrence. They based on with dipping clown forms which |
|
| 84:38 | hard to produce on a distal And of course, they have upward |
|
| 84:42 | facing successions, which is very hard produce by shelf processes. The other |
|
| 84:48 | critical observation is that the environmental using careful seven mythology and technological analysis |
|
| 84:56 | that these faces air deposited very close a river. They show a complete |
|
| 85:01 | of barge libation. They show up some places, a grading wave |
|
| 85:06 | That's just extremely rapid settlement fallout, in the presence of a storm that |
|
| 85:12 | waves to rework the sediment as they're out of suspension from the river |
|
| 85:17 | As I mentioned, when we do analysis of the microfossils, we see |
|
| 85:21 | marine foraminifera on. No Cal carries that would be more characteristic that should |
|
| 85:27 | found on the open shelf on And people look at the microfossils say |
|
| 85:32 | it's a brackish assembled. How the could be brackish 50 50 kilometers strong |
|
| 85:37 | much. You have to be much to the river. And of |
|
| 85:40 | the trace fossils give us exactly the story. Uh, and of |
|
| 85:46 | then we see these title faces and title faces, plus the acknowledge E |
|
| 85:52 | the and the bio faces on their all point to a much more brackets |
|
| 85:57 | that requires the river to be right . And yet the actual directive it |
|
| 86:02 | evidence the rivers themselves. The evidence the actual incised rivers is missing. |
|
| 86:08 | the evidence of the water that they into the into the area of the |
|
| 86:12 | they fed is present. So the of the river being right there is |
|
| 86:18 | in the sediments that they fed into shallow marine base. We do emphasize |
|
| 86:24 | you know that these units, you , setting in general is very low |
|
| 86:29 | . And everything's talk truncated when waves came back across the area, they |
|
| 86:34 | show a simple vertical stacking. It pretty clear that the fruin lies landlord |
|
| 86:39 | the willow. So there is evidence may be the beginning of a back |
|
| 86:43 | retro gradation. ALS accommodation, and it's very time dominate. |
|
| 86:48 | it's still hundreds of kilometers away from high stand shorelines, so it's only |
|
| 86:53 | a broadly low stand. Position is the end of the low stand in |
|
| 86:57 | beginning of transgressions. And remember, talked about lateral shifting and Paris even |
|
| 87:03 | patterns. So here we have thinner and thinnest uh, Paris. |
|
| 87:09 | set there, we have thin, and thickest. So there we get |
|
| 87:13 | , what might look like a retro pass even set. This looks like |
|
| 87:17 | procreation all, and it's clearly just , reflecting lateral variability in the |
|
| 87:24 | Sorry. The other thing, we out is that the major discontinuities are |
|
| 87:29 | the top of the sediment bodies we they record two things flew, flew |
|
| 87:34 | erosion during the falling stage and then mawr. Aggressive, transgressive erosion during |
|
| 87:40 | rise of sea level, producing un that reflects two processes. The erosion |
|
| 87:46 | rivers that flow down the surface during falling stage. And then the almost |
|
| 87:51 | reworking of those sentiments by transgression during final transgression. What that transgression does |
|
| 87:58 | separates the low stand from the high and and simply leaves a transgressive lag |
|
| 88:04 | that contact. Sometimes that transgressive lag a single layer of pebbles in the |
|
| 88:10 | of an otherwise rather uniforms looking shale folks, it's easy to miss those |
|
| 88:15 | lags if you're not willing to look the shells. We also point out |
|
| 88:21 | that you can't ignore uh, sin positional structure, right? So we |
|
| 88:27 | you know this is a former You know, the little spheres bouncing |
|
| 88:31 | and down because of because of of inter plate stresses and peripheral bills. |
|
| 88:38 | on the settlement will localize the low , and if the sea floor lifts |
|
| 88:42 | enough that waves could start to re that surface, you will get transgressive |
|
| 88:46 | simply as a function of the sea being lifted back up into way |
|
| 88:52 | So we think that has a big over the preservation of the settlement |
|
| 88:56 | It's a complicated story, but we it best explains the observations as opposed |
|
| 89:02 | static shelf processes or some of the models. Uh, it also explains |
|
| 89:09 | these units don't have erosion. Erosion of sentiment bodies is because the combination |
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| 89:15 | relatively high in this based on distant , So wave of women is much |
|
| 89:20 | important in a trunk in the tops the sandstone bodies. It also points |
|
| 89:27 | the fact you know that that going Thio Joseph's question why we've had such |
|
| 89:34 | interpreting the seven bodies. One is level of detail paid to the internal |
|
| 89:41 | . Much of the interpretation of these bars was done without vory detailed |
|
| 89:47 | So James McCracken and myself worked really to develop the criteria for identifying Del |
|
| 89:53 | influence on the base of the trace . But we didn't publish that paper |
|
| 89:57 | 2005 on these models of offshore bodies published in eighties, and as long |
|
| 90:04 | there was by occupation. It was marine. And, you know, |
|
| 90:07 | the eighties, people didn't really know to distinguish, you know, brackish |
|
| 90:12 | , river influence participation from open shelf incubation. When we went back and |
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| 90:17 | at some of these quote shelf sad , they had lots of evidence of |
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| 90:20 | incubation that was incompatible with deposition of kilometers from from a river. |
|
| 90:26 | um, part of the reason for things s trees, incised valleys was |
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| 90:32 | of the recognition of those river River faces and by occupation. The problem |
|
| 90:39 | that the Valley interpretation was largely driven using the top datum, even though |
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| 90:43 | wasn't much evidence for truncation. So the end, I think some sort |
|
| 90:48 | low stance shore face model. Perhaps some cases, the structural influence sort |
|
| 90:53 | better reconciles the observations of the faces the photography. But clearly you know |
|
| 91:01 | , you know, because of the truncation. You know, you don't |
|
| 91:05 | the direct evidence for the feeder systems fed these things on that resulted in |
|
| 91:10 | in interpretation. There's some work by Heart based on modern or places |
|
| 91:17 | uh uh deltas in the Gulf of Lawrence. And again we see these |
|
| 91:22 | clown informing Delta's look just like the council sandstone with these core screen dune |
|
| 91:28 | on top that represents the transgressive And boy that cross bedded faces looks |
|
| 91:34 | like the faces cross. But you the top of the panther tongue when |
|
| 91:38 | see on top of these Wyoming sound , I'm like, you know, |
|
| 91:42 | presence, the key to the past look at the top truncation, these |
|
| 91:45 | forms exactly what we see in the Wyoming examples. And again, this |
|
| 91:50 | a verdict exaggerated compared to the outcrops I showed you. So the message |
|
| 91:57 | , you know it's Rudy critical to detailed faces, analysis paleontology as well |
|
| 92:04 | good, careful strata. Graphic mapping of the truncation. It's critical that |
|
| 92:10 | you're in a tectonic basin like a basin, you can assume that the |
|
| 92:15 | are active throughout Deposition on. In cases that will have a big control |
|
| 92:20 | the preservation of settlement bodies on in combination based on distal place, |
|
| 92:27 | settings, you may have localized remnants once more expensive deposition systems and, |
|
| 92:34 | , Rondy Martinson former president of the P G, who worked with walk |
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| 92:39 | on offshore bars, eventually relented on interpretation. I wrote. I wrote |
|
| 92:44 | really nice follow up paper that recognized profound importance of off of structuring in |
|
| 92:51 | the position of of sentiment bodies in quotations interior, interior Seaway. I |
|
| 92:57 | a nice pair of papers on de remnants. Uh, and of |
|
| 93:01 | what that means is that the structuring can create, uh, bath a |
|
| 93:10 | close on the sea floor that can sentiment bodies. And so it |
|
| 93:16 | while remembering that the sea floor is always smooth, It's not always |
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| 93:21 | And it's not always just this flat marine basin that sentiments probate |
|
| 93:27 | Okay, I'm gonna end the talk . Okay? Andi, I'm going |
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| 93:49 | Okay, Just give me a second , okay? Okay. So I |
|
| 93:59 | stopped the recording. Uh, I Maria is also doing her best to |
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| 94:03 | . I know she's had some problems Internet today, so we'll both record |
|
| 94:08 | . She'll advise me as to whether has a lecture. If she |
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| 94:11 | then I'll just keep mine is an . If not, then I'll do |
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| 94:15 | work. Thio. Get her that so she could not load it for |
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| 94:19 | next there. So I've got 11 . So let's reconvene in, Let's |
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| 94:29 | 15 minutes. That be about 17 maybe 11. 18. Let's |
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| 94:40 | make it 11 20. So let's reconvene at 11. 20. I'll |
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| 94:46 | to do those. Then we'll work those for maybe half an hour or |
|
| 94:51 | . 40 minutes. Whatever we like will break for lunch. Then we'll |
|
| 94:55 | . What? Tell me what to . And why don't you hold your |
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| 94:58 | about this lecture until we come If that's okay, I'm gonna go |
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| 95:02 | that. Great. We'll see you in in about 15 minutes. |
|
| 95:36 | Yeah. Oh, mhm, Mhm. Mhm for Yeah, |
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| 110:29 | yeah, yeah, yes, yes He Yeah, it's mhm. |
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| 113:24 | Yeah, yeah. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Hmm. |
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| 115:25 | everybody doing any questions? Electric this . Okay. Okay. Hmm. |
|
| 115:48 | were still waiting for a couple of . So come back. JD and |
|
| 116:00 | , Our only next exercises do you week between Friday and Saturday. |
|
| 116:08 | well, what the question is, does it What? I think I've |
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| 116:13 | to do that all the assignments. I think I don't I don't remember |
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| 116:19 | the day due dates are. Some them are do sooner or some of |
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| 116:22 | are due later. Um, I to look at them to tell |
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| 116:38 | I thought maybe there are two of that didn't have ah, due |
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| 116:42 | Made me check. Um, got seismic assignment. Do Saturday, September |
|
| 116:55 | . Um, the well, logs same Friday. Sept the 18th. |
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| 117:02 | gonna go through that right now. , with a diagram Friday, Sept |
|
| 117:08 | 18th through than six. Crop Yeah, I probably didn't put a |
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| 117:19 | on the outcome. Correlation students usually in. Uh, but they used |
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| 117:24 | do was just handed in the They basically they would do the examine |
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| 117:27 | in on the t A. Would me that simply Well, our |
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| 117:32 | So, uh, there was there a kind of do at the end |
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| 117:35 | the class. Usually what I do those, However, if you don't |
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| 117:39 | on them, you'll have you'll struggle the exam. So, uh, |
|
| 117:44 | know, this is always a You're part of this class is like |
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| 117:47 | just have so little time between the class to the exam. Onda. |
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| 117:55 | , but I don't za bit much push you to get it all done |
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| 117:59 | next weekend. So that's kind of . Yeah. I've never found a |
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| 118:04 | other than having a longer time period the last class on the exam. |
|
| 118:10 | have a question. How are you for the final exam That I haven't |
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| 118:15 | ? I'll probably do another blackboard exam . Also, have another quiz next |
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| 118:20 | . So we'll do exactly same thing Saturday. Andi? Um uh, |
|
| 118:27 | know, question. I mean, do have Obviously, I've been teaching |
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| 118:31 | class for years, so I've got sorts of all sorts of exams. |
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| 118:35 | , I'm not sure if e may upon Maria, help write the final |
|
| 118:43 | . She won't write the questions, I'll give you the questions and that |
|
| 118:45 | could enter them into blackboard. no, I need to think a |
|
| 118:49 | about about the some of the questions like, Well, all correlations, |
|
| 118:53 | interpretation. You know, I might able to convert that to sort of |
|
| 118:57 | fill in the blanks as opposed to Do the correlations, but I'm gonna |
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| 119:01 | to figure that out so I don't Ah, I don't have a great |
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| 119:04 | to that question yet. Wanna you know, some of the stuff |
|
| 119:09 | be easily done a blackboard. So may just say, Well, I'm |
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| 119:13 | going to give you exam. That's that I think is reasonable, |
|
| 119:16 | And, you know, I may not ask some of the questions that |
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| 119:19 | asked in previous years. I just decided yet, so Yeah, so |
|
| 119:24 | . Can't be definitive now. But got a got a week or two |
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| 119:26 | figure that out. And certainly by time we finished, next week, |
|
| 119:31 | , uh, you know, trying think we finish up today. We |
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| 119:36 | up on the next Saturday, And then your exam is Wednesday. |
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| 119:42 | that right? Wednesday night. So you've got Monday and Tuesday only |
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| 119:46 | two days toe Thio. Can I ready for the final of it? |
|
| 119:54 | . You know, if you're studying of the reasons doing these little |
|
| 119:56 | it does for us to kind of the material. And that way, |
|
| 119:59 | know, when you get the final you've already done. A couple reviews |
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| 120:02 | , so hopefully it will be It be It will be too painful. |
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| 120:06 | of the idea. Um, and Monday Tuesday, Sunday Monday Tuesday between |
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| 120:15 | final lecture and the final exam. have a lecture Wednesday morning of lab |
|
| 120:22 | morning in the lab. Monday Uh, but if I recall, |
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| 120:26 | will be, um it will be that's already underway, so I probably |
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| 120:34 | be too busy with that. That be more just letting the TA work |
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| 120:38 | students. Um, so I should availability. Certainly during that time, |
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| 120:42 | you've got questions or what you might . Okay, uh, and where's |
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| 120:55 | ? Maria? Are you able to ? Okay, right now is you |
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| 120:58 | working okay for you on your Maria, are you there? |
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| 121:23 | I'm not hearing anything from Maria. know. She said she was gonna |
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| 121:26 | some spotty Internet. Uh, uh, now, folks, I |
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| 121:35 | usually tape what I'm gonna do right because I'm going to review how to |
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| 121:40 | the exercise with you and in that , um, e sort of give |
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| 121:45 | part of the answer, and you certainly take whatever notes you want, |
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| 121:48 | I don't Usually I don't record these mini exercise lectures. Okay, |
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| 121:54 | uh, you could all see my , Is that correct? Yeah. |
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| 122:05 | , So what we have is a log, and, uh, I'm |
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| 122:12 | is just gonna ask you to annotate right on. And, um, |
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| 122:20 | those of you who don't know any well logs, this is a game |
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| 122:22 | lot on the left Recent city on right, Uh, broadly, |
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| 122:28 | When the law is expand its a when it contracted to shale. And |
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| 122:34 | you'll notice that there's some pretty highly shales down base with a slight increase |
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| 122:39 | recently. So that's that's almost certainly a regional condensed section. Okay, |
|
| 122:49 | , what you'll notice is that there's sort of overall coarsening finding coarsening, |
|
| 122:55 | , finding, finding coarsening patterns. . So that's sort of if if |
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| 123:02 | will, the sort of big Okay, What I'm gonna ask you |
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| 123:07 | do is going in, sort of some Paris equals founders. Okay, |
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| 123:11 | for example, here you can see is a coarsening upward, and it |
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| 123:16 | like there's a flooding surface there. another coursing upper. There's a flooding |
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| 123:21 | there and so on and so Right. So what you gonna do |
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| 123:26 | pick these flooding surfaces. Okay? took up to you. How crazy |
|
| 123:30 | want to go? You know, this one there. And, you |
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| 123:34 | , you could put in 45 there two or three. You know, |
|
| 123:38 | there's there's a nice one right Right? Um and, you |
|
| 123:43 | it looks like these Paris sequence is a little bit figuring or little sandy |
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| 123:49 | upwards. What would that indicate? , I talked about one D well |
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| 123:54 | photography yesterday. What would a Paris set? That looks like a get |
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| 124:01 | get little sand. Europe would be . And that's the title Delta the |
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| 124:09 | . I mean, you don't have information about sentimental structures here, So |
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| 124:12 | looking for a p D. Okay. Maybe so again, |
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| 124:23 | Yeah, it certainly got Obviously, vertically stacked is gonna be some a |
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| 124:27 | they're getting Sandy. Robert. So that looks like it could be a |
|
| 124:30 | . Right. Um uh, you , here there's little flood there. |
|
| 124:38 | a smaller one there. Then it's turn around. So here there's There's |
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| 124:44 | thick corruption coursing. A thinner of course. Saying so what would |
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| 124:47 | be? Oh, that stack uh, yeah, that could be |
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| 124:55 | . Um, that's why you're gonna right. You're gonna You're gonna, |
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| 125:00 | know, pick all these little flooding . Look for your course, you |
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| 125:03 | , finding up with trends. Some like struggle triangles. Right. So |
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| 125:08 | have, like, a big triangle for the larger stack. That would |
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| 125:12 | the Paris even set. And then control some smaller triangles with smaller |
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| 125:16 | Just kind of illustrative stacking. And then, as Andrew said, |
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| 125:22 | know, or here it could you know, think of triangle. |
|
| 125:27 | one, right? And so that be an overall, uh, |
|
| 125:33 | for example, where is this? be more p or or or 80 |
|
| 125:38 | p A. Yeah, And then , you can convert that to a |
|
| 125:42 | systems tracked, right. System Thank you. Wanna look for is |
|
| 125:48 | there's any evidence of of of a increase in the in energy. |
|
| 125:55 | So obviously there's something going on right? Right. You got a |
|
| 126:02 | have It. Looks to me like finding upwards. Right? And it's |
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| 126:05 | pretty sharp increase in sand there. that's probably a pretty critical surface Thio |
|
| 126:13 | about. Okay, um and that's the task. Um, so we |
|
| 126:22 | do a couple of things here. , I could just sort of how |
|
| 126:28 | of you are capable of working on right now at home? All of |
|
| 126:33 | ? Yeah. Would you would Would recommend starting out with, like, |
|
| 126:38 | shale baseline like SP Or like, classic just picking Sands and Shales |
|
| 126:44 | because usually the first thing I always it, I'm looking at, like |
|
| 126:46 | game of re sensitivity curve. its's. You know, that's |
|
| 126:52 | you know, Max san is probably . You know, the mat shells |
|
| 126:57 | probably here, right? So most the stuff is interpreted Sand, stones |
|
| 127:04 | shales, right? You know, only really black shales way down |
|
| 127:08 | but that's that's got all this organic that's condensed section. Right? So |
|
| 127:12 | sand. Shoreline is probably roughly in , right? Like that? That |
|
| 127:18 | sense. Yeah. So if you draw that line, that could do |
|
| 127:22 | . The reason there is probably a like that. You know, basically |
|
| 127:25 | sound. And this would be this be all considered shale. It's got |
|
| 127:29 | little thin strings of sound that But it's, you know, a |
|
| 127:31 | of little, little sandy, sandy there. Yeah, it is important |
|
| 127:38 | , uh, you know, a of students get confused by this, |
|
| 127:42 | this is still pretty shady unit, ? That's you know, it's not |
|
| 127:45 | some big flu viel course grade in valley in there. It's just It's |
|
| 127:49 | a noise in the mud stones. . Okay. So my my inclination |
|
| 127:54 | to let you guys, uh, what time we are right now. |
|
| 128:00 | have. Usually what I would do I would let you work, and |
|
| 128:02 | would just kind of walk around, what you guys do on demand |
|
| 128:08 | Should have have some choices. Uh . I could, uh, let |
|
| 128:14 | work on this for a while. other choices. I could simply go |
|
| 128:18 | several of the exercises and then, , and then give you break and |
|
| 128:23 | work on. You could work on of them for a bit. Might |
|
| 128:26 | better to just work on this one a while. So what? I'll |
|
| 128:28 | you guys work for maybe, uh , 15 minutes. Okay. I'm |
|
| 128:35 | disappear for a little bit. Uh just to kind of let you guys |
|
| 128:41 | on with it, and then I'll back in about 10 minutes on then |
|
| 128:45 | then at that point, I'll begin field your questions. Okay? How |
|
| 128:50 | of you could work on this on computer? Okay, that's good |
|
| 128:56 | Likewise. You know, for those you, I think I think I |
|
| 128:59 | have been Daniel likes to pull his copies up to the to the to |
|
| 129:06 | camera. That works. Okay, on. For those of you who |
|
| 129:09 | have cameras, just just you uh, email us or share with |
|
| 129:14 | . Your answer. You don't all to share. But you know |
|
| 129:17 | You're working for a bit, and we'll come back in about 10 |
|
| 129:20 | I'll just sit here. I'm not say very much. And then as |
|
| 129:22 | as you have a question or want to check your initial your initial attempt |
|
| 129:27 | we consider talking through because I think when did I say this one is |
|
| 129:35 | Yeah. Okay. So we'll have opportunity to work through this today. |
|
| 129:40 | why we're starting on it now. might wanna work. You know, |
|
| 129:43 | may wanna work a bit over on over lunch when we have a longer |
|
| 129:47 | on, then, uh, you , obviously we could visit during the |
|
| 129:50 | . You know, it's it's gonna another busy week for me. But |
|
| 129:53 | of you have been very good like, email any questions during the |
|
| 129:56 | , and we will review it. , let's make it dio kind of |
|
| 130:01 | on Friday. Okay, So that , you can also get some feedback |
|
| 130:05 | the Friday lecture if you're still so we'll have it do on |
|
| 130:09 | That will have to do after right? The only downside is that |
|
| 130:12 | is also quiz next Saturday morning. you're you're gonna have things do at |
|
| 130:16 | same time. But you know that know that there's no other way, |
|
| 130:20 | . If I don't make it do you don't do it, then you |
|
| 130:22 | Mike memorials. You won't. You learn it, right. And you |
|
| 130:27 | , if you get the hang of is going to really help you with |
|
| 130:29 | correlation exercises. So play with it a while and then let some, |
|
| 130:34 | , I'll just be back in about minutes and then kind of have a |
|
| 130:37 | and see what you're doing. Okay. Have fun. Yeah, |
|
| 130:44 | be back. Okay. Mhm. , Yes. Mhm. Sure to |
|
| 131:32 | . Mhm. Mhm. Yeah, , yeah. Mhm. What? |
|
| 146:34 | . Mhm. Yeah. Mhm. , has gone everybody pretty good. |
|
| 148:25 | anybody like anybody in questions? Want share so and so forth? Mm |
|
| 148:33 | . Of course. I mean, , You know, I'll share if |
|
| 148:42 | want to enable it. I just . I think you guys got |
|
| 148:53 | Yep. Museum in just a little , maybe s I start from the |
|
| 149:01 | , and this is the red. I started with a lot of it |
|
| 149:06 | terms of, like, 1st, , 3rd order. So I was |
|
| 149:08 | , Okay, the big sequences would probably this guy here, which is |
|
| 149:12 | maximum floating surface. Then the red marked the coarsening upward all the way |
|
| 149:17 | into this, uh, course stand here. So I put another floating |
|
| 149:20 | there, did the same thing on into this succession did the same thing |
|
| 149:25 | . I kind of trace the the inter bedded packages in the great |
|
| 149:29 | . And then I've traced the Sandia with the elephants. I kept doing |
|
| 149:34 | same thing. This one's not as of ah course ending up sequences the |
|
| 149:39 | two. So I've got the other , the other two in my |
|
| 149:41 | These two are Hiestand tracks, but this one maybe not necessarily the same |
|
| 149:46 | . I hadn't quite got to that . And then the very top package |
|
| 149:49 | just straight aggregation. I don't see , like, huge sequences like |
|
| 149:55 | And then I went back there and the same thing with the blue |
|
| 149:58 | I just kinda went in between the lines, which were the major, |
|
| 150:02 | maybe second order cycles. And I like, Okay, well, this |
|
| 150:04 | kind of finds up, of course stuff to this point. And then |
|
| 150:07 | some readiness and then the same thing you get to the course of sand |
|
| 150:12 | . But did that. So this two packages and this one had a |
|
| 150:17 | more breaks, and there's a lot erratic for inter bedded and then the |
|
| 150:21 | thing I went through the third one the green lines. And, |
|
| 150:25 | that's kind of where I got kind starting to get confused because then I |
|
| 150:27 | to start adding these a D p . Oh, I'm not. This |
|
| 150:31 | probably an over aggression sequence aggregation through , and I was just trying toe |
|
| 150:36 | back and forth with that second part the question, which is which, |
|
| 150:40 | are the boundaries and what are the is actually doing so then I could |
|
| 150:44 | assigning some of those Dio Yes, you probably want Thio? Uh, |
|
| 150:54 | , you probably over let me see I can Uh, no. I |
|
| 151:00 | always just, like, save it to you real quick if you want |
|
| 151:02 | do it like that. So I requested control of your computer. So |
|
| 151:10 | you see my point? Er or , I could get you guys can |
|
| 151:14 | it. Yeah, so Yep, think I agree that Yeah, |
|
| 151:19 | it's sandy up to that point That's true as well here, you |
|
| 151:24 | , I clearly see its its funding coarsening So it's definitely it's definitely coursing |
|
| 151:31 | there to there. All right, , uh, I'm confused about |
|
| 151:34 | you know, here you've got a line kind of in the middle of |
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| 151:38 | upper coursing faces, succession. So is that blue line about? I |
|
| 151:44 | you should be moved down, Yeah, but in services down |
|
| 151:47 | like, you know, think about the couple things, um, think |
|
| 151:54 | , like, you know, distinguishing flooding surface from another kind of |
|
| 151:58 | right? Like here. Like, is that blue line there? What |
|
| 152:02 | your What is that supposed to be ? Sand. Okay, But why |
|
| 152:07 | it blue then? What is Me? Does that mean something, |
|
| 152:10 | is it just, like a random or No, I was I was |
|
| 152:14 | looking at kind of the scale of of the of the sets themselves, |
|
| 152:19 | ? Like Like, I guess, terms like vertical, how big they |
|
| 152:22 | . Yeah. So there's two things would I would, uh, um |
|
| 152:28 | color code your lines according to what think. It's a flooding surface or |
|
| 152:32 | boundary. So think about the different processes. Is that shallow over |
|
| 152:36 | deep, over shallow. And then , and then worry about hierarchy. |
|
| 152:40 | think you're jumping the hierarchy, which you want to get there. But |
|
| 152:46 | sort of impression I have is you know, like that surface. |
|
| 152:50 | is clearly shale above a sandstone that's flooding surface. So that's blue. |
|
| 152:56 | the sound above the shell below. it's still blue. Mike Mall. |
|
| 152:59 | clearly not the same kind of Might be the same hierarchy, |
|
| 153:03 | Like the same level of surface. it's not separating the same things that |
|
| 153:06 | is right. So just, you know, I agree that these |
|
| 153:12 | red things look like the biggest you know? So you know |
|
| 153:16 | So your big packages, but, , you know, and you sort |
|
| 153:20 | indicated when the hour that finds So, you know, the overall |
|
| 153:24 | courses upward, Although there are some of smaller cycles within their So, |
|
| 153:29 | , yeah, cool. That's some with that. Yeah. Does anybody |
|
| 153:38 | want to do some sharing? Anyone something different? Yeah, cheer. |
|
| 153:49 | let's have John. You go And then and then we'll give them |
|
| 153:51 | chance to show his stuff into Yes. Uh huh. So basically |
|
| 154:08 | did What? Joseph? Dude, started from the bottom. I noticed |
|
| 154:12 | question upwards on what I was Mostly was mostly viewing. It is like |
|
| 154:17 | was trying Thio. Why? What What I was originally saying is that |
|
| 154:23 | here to somewhat here, I kind seeing it as a more confirmable |
|
| 154:28 | like something that is that follows like . Law, up until this point |
|
| 154:32 | is like where I like to consider first major flooding surface. After |
|
| 154:37 | it's like I guess I would say this one, I guess it z |
|
| 154:44 | , I'm not too sure there, I think it's like, ah, |
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| 154:47 | surface with, um marine Marine Mud . And I'm also I can't |
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| 154:53 | I see this from images, but think that this might be like, |
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| 154:56 | , channel filled, but I'm not on that, like, I'm not |
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| 154:59 | sure. And then after that, like I just did like a bunch |
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| 155:02 | inter bedded modern sense that I'm not sure on completely so like I was |
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| 155:07 | I just wanted to get the big right, first of all, before |
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| 155:11 | into more intricate part. You sometimes it's better to kind of work |
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| 155:15 | detail and then see what the big emerges on. And so, |
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| 155:21 | don't beat yourself up too much, know, no one's sure, but |
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| 155:25 | just have to make an interpretation and forward. It's just that right? |
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| 155:28 | how would you were with the The channel you talked about because you |
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| 155:32 | drawn that yet or the base of China for? Yeah, it was |
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| 155:36 | . I didn't see. I didn't that. I didn't do that in |
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| 155:39 | . But it's around. Yeah, that's the base of a channel |
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| 155:43 | because those would be slightly different Right? Is that a candidate sequence |
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| 155:48 | or what do you think? E think that's supposed to be like |
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| 155:53 | base off the base of the Yeah. Okay, so that's |
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| 155:58 | So I just keep at it, adding in more detail, and, |
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| 156:02 | know, you're you know, your trends look pretty good. Um, |
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| 156:07 | , You wanna show us what you ? Mhm. Yeah. Mhm. |
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| 156:18 | . Your video. Did you Mhm. We need to go |
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| 156:26 | huh? To go back. Right. So that's the That's the |
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| 156:31 | point right. Here you go. . OK, so I'm still |
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| 156:36 | About three zones. I this one I call find scale, this zone |
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| 156:43 | this zone. Although it it uh, coarsening upward on the SP |
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| 156:48 | on the Gamma the flat here. actually, I wanted to ask you |
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| 156:54 | we should also start thinking about the fluid. Well, no, I |
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| 157:01 | . Just wouldn't worry about that too . We're not gonna get into fluid |
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| 157:05 | this class. Um, uh, . Now. Okay, so here's |
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| 157:10 | I'm gonna advise you about. So, e No, you |
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| 157:14 | You're using what aggregation there. but if it's pure A, we |
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| 157:19 | look the same. And if they Sandy Rupp words that it applies that |
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| 157:23 | also p going on as well, ? So distinguish pure aggregation from from |
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| 157:33 | that course stuff, which would have pro gradation. Okay, um, |
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| 157:40 | your I would make sure that all arab so that the direction of your |
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| 157:46 | your lines is correct. Right? that's what you're showing is that's cautioning |
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| 157:51 | . Yeah, Or but if you the arrow the other way, then |
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| 157:54 | show it's finding upwards There we I feel better about that now. |
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| 157:59 | Could Unit? Because that's I've got bit of concern there. So? |
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| 158:04 | I noticed that this is retro so I thought Okay, this is |
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| 158:07 | base of this, uh, is transgressive surface base of what? Off |
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| 158:14 | district. A grating units. What's upward, right? Yes. |
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| 158:20 | Where? Where is the base of finding upward? It's this line |
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| 158:25 | I don't think so. I'm not that line is just the middle of |
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| 158:31 | shale, right? Like above that shale below it. But there's a |
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| 158:34 | . Confounded. It's a little bit little bit lower than where you've got |
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| 158:37 | red, right. Uh, we'll . Yeah, right on top. |
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| 158:46 | . Right there. So that space top of that love Paris sequence. |
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| 158:51 | ? Then it goes back into another . Looks like the courses upward, |
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| 158:54 | then it looks like it suddenly goes the Big 66 and store. |
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| 158:56 | So there's there's a couple of club more than one surface close together |
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| 159:01 | Okay. Okay. Space walk into google glass so there will be something |
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| 159:17 | . Yeah, I just you Yeah, right in the middle. |
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| 159:21 | shoulder there, you're not quite Now you're too high. Yeah. |
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| 159:34 | . Oh, I mean, exact Yes, A transcript. Little |
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| 159:45 | . So what's the faces? But above and below that line you've |
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| 159:51 | , uh, this is coarser above bond finer below. Right. |
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| 159:56 | of course there is a deeper a . Shallower. Okay, so how |
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| 160:01 | that be? A transgression of it's shower faces above a deeper, deeper |
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| 160:05 | It's just a sequence boundary. Could Yeah. So I put SP |
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| 160:10 | Could you explain sequence boundary with the ? E don't think I understand it |
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| 160:18 | well. So what does the statements defined? Like irrational surface? |
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| 160:25 | What does it do? Is sea either changes Now what does it physically |
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| 160:35 | ? Falls Usually, he wrote it your trunk eights. Right. So |
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| 160:42 | z typically an erosion surface. what faces Transition occurs across the |
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| 160:52 | Um a the anomalous judge. The of what? Over what that |
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| 161:04 | Wealth is long. Hi, You're . Pardon me, Joseph was the |
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| 161:11 | for for sure. We're offshore offshore sure. So, like deep over |
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| 161:15 | or shall over deep. Okay, I'm hearing a lot of words |
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| 161:18 | Is it, Uh, first child ? It's ah, deep over |
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| 161:24 | So if you have a deeper faces a shallow faces, you want to |
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| 161:28 | it a sequence boundary? Make any ? Geraldine? Um, I think |
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| 161:39 | need to go over the notes for section. Okay, Is this is |
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| 161:43 | , right? You know what does ? What does the sequence boundary |
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| 161:48 | I said this many times yesterday, we need to get this in our |
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| 161:51 | , right? Yeah. It's zone deep. It's a shallow over |
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| 161:57 | right. The anomalous juxtaposition of a faces over deeper faces that doesn't have |
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| 162:03 | be shallow. Marine over deep when could be flew. The all over |
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| 162:05 | marine, right? Or more. proximal fluid. A little more distant |
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| 162:09 | view. Okay, so here we a sharp based finding upward. A |
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| 162:16 | , long profile. What kind of of deposition might that be? Mhm |
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| 162:24 | . No. Retro gradation is not environment of deposition. Environment. Deposition |
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| 162:28 | be deep brain shall reign. Alien. Right. So what's the |
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| 162:35 | deposition of that sharp based finding up sandstone deep Marine. It's state |
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| 162:41 | Well, it's depositing shields on top sense. So it z I had |
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| 162:46 | had a minute. What's more, the What's the mythology of this catalog |
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| 162:56 | ? Where? Where? Yeah. right. Um, can you see |
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| 163:11 | point now? Yeah. Yeah. what's that mythology right there? |
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| 163:21 | Okay. And then what's below Chin? You just said you have |
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| 163:26 | . The positive here. Is that you said? I was confused by |
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| 163:32 | . Well, I just commented on upwards, right, But it's it's |
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| 163:37 | know, that there's two issues going here, right? The first is |
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| 163:42 | what's the environment deposition of these upward and units below that surface. What's |
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| 163:48 | stuff, Marine show green. so these are upper coarsening now. |
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| 163:52 | do you know it's deep marine on green settlement for me? Finer grained |
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| 164:00 | , mud, steep marine muds But could that be shelf like when |
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| 164:06 | say deep marine? How deep do think it is? Yeah. |
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| 164:12 | It could be from slope to Okay, so I'm gonna tell you |
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| 164:17 | there's nothing in here that Stephen them 100 m. Nothing. Okay, |
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| 164:22 | this is all shelf deposits. so I'll give you that right the |
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| 164:25 | this used a well log, So, you know. So there's |
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| 164:28 | there are no deep Marine submarine fan anywhere lurking close to this. |
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| 164:32 | log. Right. So it's all know, this is one of the |
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| 164:35 | stuff here. This condensed section stuff source. Rock. That's good, |
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| 164:40 | ? So you've got shallow Marine shelf for questioning faces, right? And |
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| 164:45 | are up for? Questioning faces typically in a shallow marine or shelf |
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| 164:49 | . What would those be? Yeah, that's some sort of |
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| 164:53 | right? So if this is sort pro Deltek down here with the Delta |
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| 164:57 | sound, what's his sharp based finding ? Is that still the Delta? |
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| 165:03 | it be the lateral lobes like away the Delta, the market sharp based |
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| 165:07 | finding upwards so it doesn't look like Delta at all right? Delta's coursing |
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| 165:12 | with this finds upward, right? goes back Thio Step two, which |
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| 165:17 | look at the environmental faces and interpret deficits of environment. Right, so |
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| 165:23 | sharp based finding upper unit would be kind of deposition environment Daniel already said |
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| 165:29 | right. He kind of said Eso well, then size about is |
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| 165:35 | container. What's the deficit environment of actual sand itself? S. So |
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| 165:43 | flu viel. What's an overlying? that's a flu viel sand, What's |
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| 165:48 | overline? Maybe like a title. lagoon? Well, Marine? |
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| 165:57 | it's it's tired of flat. It be laterally to the channel, I |
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| 166:02 | you said. Or if it claims its pro Delta, then it's a |
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| 166:06 | bit more just the right. So that Ziff that's a pro down to |
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| 166:12 | , you got flew above it. kind of a change in the environment |
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| 166:16 | is that flew the all over pro ? Would that be Geraldine? Is |
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| 166:29 | D? I know I don't wanna , but is it is a |
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| 166:32 | Could be I'm trying to get Geraldine understand the faces. Contact. If |
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| 166:37 | have river deposits over pro delta, kind of ah faces shift is that |
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| 166:44 | It does not conform the Walther's it goes back. This idea of |
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| 166:47 | law from it does not exactly because if you have a river, |
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| 166:58 | ? See what of the river see towards Towards land? No, |
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| 167:08 | See where? So if you have river and you start to go and |
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| 167:11 | start to go towards the basin Center ? What's what? What does the |
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| 167:15 | feed to the to the shore tell write. What pathology would that |
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| 167:23 | Yeah, sadly, right on. what's he would have? What's he |
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| 167:28 | have dealt? What's he would have shoreline? Uh huh. With |
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| 167:36 | Yeah. Money shot off. So what we're seeing is we have |
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| 167:42 | your deposits directly. Overlying muddy shelf down to shelf on the delta fronts |
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| 167:47 | here. Right? That's that's the break and faces, right. So |
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| 167:51 | boundaries defined it as the anomalous juxtaposition environments of deposition mythologies. The Taj |
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| 167:59 | that are not next to each other Walther's law. And so what I |
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| 168:04 | Daniel recognized is we've got a river overlying a shallow marine shale, |
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| 168:12 | Yeah, it could be title It could be lagoon, you |
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| 168:16 | But, uh, you know that are other possibilities, but I would |
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| 168:23 | that as a as a finding up classic finding a alluvial deposit, sitting |
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| 168:28 | top of something that's a bit more . Therefore, that would be the |
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| 168:32 | found me, right? I'm Here's the reason you're getting confused and |
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| 168:37 | saying it's finding upward. So your jumping all it's gonna be transgressive |
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| 168:41 | right? But, you know, transgression doesn't currently. Now, all |
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| 168:45 | a sudden, above above this finding , you see enough work or |
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| 168:49 | right? So what's that? A in there. What's that unit above |
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| 168:54 | upper coarsening. This is where you dig into details about Could it be |
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| 168:59 | ? Could it be that lag deposit several? Um, you know, |
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| 169:04 | were talking before a transition back up the with or, you know, |
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| 169:08 | could be the end the end of valley. Fill on, then. |
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| 169:11 | could be the first, uh, in Paris sequence again. So you're |
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| 169:15 | know, that could be the top your river deposit, and then the |
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| 169:18 | the first Paris sequences of Marine unit again continues to get deeper as you |
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| 169:23 | towards the you know, as you . So you may have flu veal |
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| 169:27 | toe a back step in marine you might have Freddy thick preserved. |
|
| 169:33 | , transgressive systems tracked here. That sense, Right? Right. It's |
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| 169:42 | to It's hard to visualize for me I almost wanna make After you say |
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| 169:47 | about the secret founders that makes me to look at every single breaking the |
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| 169:51 | response as a un conformity or some of dis continuity between two units. |
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| 169:57 | , um yeah, and again you here in this lower one according. |
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| 170:01 | there's also a little finding upbringing the of this. You see that sound |
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| 170:05 | and finds upwards. So that's also , uh you know, that would |
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| 170:19 | right. That sort of marks So that actually finds out. What about |
|
| 170:24 | point? So, you know, could move. You're trying a little |
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| 170:28 | lower, right? Books? Yeah, I'm kind of struggling |
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| 170:52 | but, you know, that finds . Everyone everyone agree with that. |
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| 170:57 | . Yeah, right. So you a course now, so, you |
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| 171:00 | , don't forget the finding opportunites, ? You know, sometimes you can |
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| 171:05 | inverted triangle. Sometimes you got normal , so you know likewise this this |
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| 171:11 | upward here. Right? That little there finds upward than it costs up |
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| 171:15 | . Right? So just put a bit more effort on on showing both |
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| 171:19 | and the course in units. It's all coarsening upward. Okay? Does |
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| 171:26 | give you some insights to move Everyone feeling a bit? A little |
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| 171:29 | clearer. Yep. Yep. So my recommendations now is that |
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| 171:39 | uh What What time is it? a 12 20 12 20 years. |
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| 171:47 | why don't we break for lunch? . Andi, uh, come back |
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| 171:52 | another hour and 10 minutes. So be 1 30 I guess. |
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| 171:57 | Uh huh. Sounds good. And see you. See you guys on |
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| 172:02 | bit after lunch. Mhm. |
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