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00:21 | Okay, this is the last lecture had planned today. We could start |
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00:25 | after this, but we'll just see it goes. Okay. Probably |
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00:35 | Okay. And well call me um can be some more today, particularly |
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00:46 | that Angela's got started the wheeler So it's good to get a couple |
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00:49 | steps in and just, you we get a couple of steps, |
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00:53 | are some complexities there. But you , if you don't get the first |
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00:56 | right, then you're not gonna get right. But if you get started |
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00:59 | , then there's good hope that you'll them all there right, mm |
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01:07 | Okay. So this is really a a bit more of, this is |
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01:17 | of as close to kind of a a field trip. Maybe if you |
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01:22 | imagine some virtual story, you you're not gonna be examined on the |
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01:26 | formation, but I'm hoping with this , it will reinforce some of the |
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01:32 | that I've been talking about the last couple of weeks. Okay. So |
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01:37 | the done vacant formation uh exposed along Peace River and that's the Dunvegan suspension |
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01:45 | after which the after which the formation its name. So it's deposited in |
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01:52 | glucose interior seaway and around the time the seaway was, it was close |
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01:57 | the south that was beginning to open . Um it was a temperate human |
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02:03 | , you know, relatively small drainage feeding pretty good sized delta. And |
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02:10 | a, it's a system in which source to sink is pretty well |
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02:15 | You know how big the area was was collecting water and making sediments and |
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02:19 | know how big the the actual delta . So this is a north to |
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02:30 | cross section across the entire province of and this is the cross section of |
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02:37 | Dunvegan and there's a lot on this , it's not all critical, but |
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02:43 | the right side we've got the photography Southern Alberta and into the U. |
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02:48 | . A. And you can see there's uh, to shale units recognized |
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02:53 | Alberta, two shells in Saskatchewan and looks like there's three shells in the |
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03:00 | , the greenhorn belle fouche and Okay, now I've worked in the |
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03:04 | and it's really complicated Wyoming, I've worked on it. Right at the |
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03:09 | Montana border. As we go to northwest Alberta, we see the Dunvegan |
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03:15 | up and it consists of a series , of, of flu viel sand |
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03:22 | and shells and orange marine sand stones yellow and then a pro delta shale |
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03:26 | with the green color. A lot things on the vertical axis. I've |
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03:30 | the stages of the cretaceous on the left. I've got the forearm natural |
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03:35 | , you'll recognize those the type. that I showed earlier that I've got |
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03:39 | little photography in the middle column. there's the Dunvegan overline by the casket |
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03:44 | and underlined by the Shastri shale and I've got the members which really, |
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03:49 | was basically the sequence photography which I'll about how I developed once again be |
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03:54 | of the scale. The horizontal scale is 300 km. The vertical scale |
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04:00 | 200 m Right? So it's 300 divided by 200 m, that's |
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04:05 | divided by 200, which is 3000 exaggeration. And then here's my wheeler |
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04:14 | . So millions of years on the axis that probably revise this now because |
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04:18 | got better dates. And this is use static sea level curve from Bill |
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04:23 | at the Exxon used to be the group And he shows a big drop |
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04:26 | sea level about 94 million years. seems that that may have been coincident |
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04:31 | that may have sort of pulled the shorelines out into the sea. |
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04:36 | okay, that's all well and But let's go back to the, |
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04:44 | I started my PhD in 84, ? You know, fresh out of |
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04:50 | couple of years with Exxon or O. Calgary armed with this idea |
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04:53 | cloud of farms and no pair of yet. And I was very |
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04:59 | I was intrigued by the idea that were these quanta forms that surfaces ditch |
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05:04 | and I was I was like No one's really applied this with the |
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05:07 | of that one diagram by George mccallum the A. P. G. |
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05:11 | , 26 but I showed up a lectures ago, I've never seen much |
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05:16 | the way of sequence, particularly applied well odds. So this was the |
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05:22 | available uh Stratan graffiti of the No one had ever looked at it |
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05:27 | any strata graphic detail at all. had been matt Chetan Singh was a |
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05:35 | . And so he had done some photography surrounding the gun Vegas but it |
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05:40 | looked at the lift the the the photography in any way. So here's |
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05:46 | of his depiction of the of the formation Visiting in 1983. And so |
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05:52 | we see is the base his diaphanous ? So it rises you go as |
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05:57 | go from northeast B. C. the great plains, which is basically |
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06:03 | east. Okay. The base the of the Dunvegan formation is as little |
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06:08 | graphically defined. Is highly dia chris were diarists means diet means cross Cronus |
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06:15 | times. That means contact that crosses , long time. Okay, |
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06:22 | in any one vertical succession, you on this diagram the shafts free is |
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06:29 | and the Dunvegan is above in any location. Okay. But another thing |
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06:36 | notice is that is that there's a formation. It over lies the cruiser |
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06:43 | , here's the Dunvegan formation over Liza formation way out here, all the |
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06:49 | called the lavish formation formation. so what's the contacts? What is |
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06:58 | contact between the cruiser and the Shaftesbury defines that contact? It's a vertical |
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07:11 | . Yes. Can anyone tell me we're vertical boundary? It is based |
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07:17 | this cross section by far the most boundary And geology of all. I'll |
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07:26 | this for me. Yeah. Has zero geological significance. It's not even |
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07:36 | arbitrary vertical cut off. That that least would make sense for me. |
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07:48 | close in Canada call them provinces. there's the british Columbia Alberta border. |
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07:58 | so in Bc, they call the of the cruiser and in Alberta they |
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08:02 | the Shaftesbury soccer blue. That's just worst contact of all right. And |
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08:11 | the lab, each formation is indeed arbitrary vertical cut off where the Dunvegan |
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08:17 | . Right? So the lavish Shastri is an arbitrary vertical cut off that's |
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08:23 | at the end of the tip out the Dunvegan sands and the crews of |
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08:27 | is simply a political boundary. provincial boundary. But I'll give you |
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08:32 | points for state because states provinces, know, effectively to the same kind |
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08:37 | boundary. Right? So, you , so the cruiser has the same |
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08:45 | , the same fossils, the same as the Shaftesbury. But there's a |
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08:50 | boundary there. The beast has the geology same age as the Shaftesbury and |
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08:56 | it's given a different formation. so I decided to try and do |
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09:06 | . And I've already shown you my answer because I've shown you the Dunvegan |
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09:11 | . Right. But I'm going to you a little bit more kind of |
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09:15 | a bit more detail about it. you can get a feeling for what |
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09:18 | faces walther's law contacts look like. know, just an idea of maybe |
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09:22 | I did the correlations. So there's , my geological grid and if you |
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09:28 | I set up this grid because that the Dunvegan formation pinches out roughly in |
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09:35 | sort of orientation. So it looks it's sort of broadly, you |
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09:40 | was fed by rivers, more or programming from northwest to southeast. So |
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09:45 | oriented my oriented, migrated cross sections to what I thought was de positional |
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09:50 | and strike. Okay, so the thing I did was spent two summers |
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09:58 | at cores in Canada went course taken formations, the government of Canada requires |
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10:06 | of course to be given to the stored in a warehouse and they're available |
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10:10 | anyone to look at. For a fee. If it's a new well |
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10:14 | you want to keep that core you could do so with the petition |
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10:19 | on whether it's production well or Well usually you could keep a preparatory |
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10:24 | Like a year if it was a well and 3-5 years, it was |
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10:27 | exploration. Well, he was certainly to keep keep core as long as |
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10:32 | had use for it. But at point and typically you would, you |
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10:36 | , if you want to keep some , you would slap it, you |
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10:39 | one half to the other and you part of it yourself. Right. |
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10:44 | this is one of the first course ever looked at and there's the top |
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10:49 | the Dunvegan, there's the base so just about hits the base and misses |
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10:54 | last bit of sandstone at the Okay. Okay. Apologies. This |
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11:00 | in color. But you'll notice I've by upward coarsening faces successions. I've |
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11:07 | the word mm F. S. meant a minor flooding surface. |
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11:11 | J. F meant major flooding. did this before before formal sequence activity |
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11:18 | was published. So, you I recognized that there were flooding surfaces |
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11:23 | again, this was this this figure made after I finished my PhD. |
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11:30 | , so just you know, initially would have marked I would have logged |
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11:33 | faces succession, said flooding surface, , service, flooding surface. And |
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11:37 | I do the correlations and some flooding . I could correlate regionally. Those |
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11:42 | the major ones and others just correlated local area. So those are the |
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11:46 | ones. Right? So I recognize there was a hierarchy of flooding services |
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11:51 | this was before para sequence para sequence . But essentially the modern flooding surface |
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11:55 | be a para sequence boundary and the flooding surface would probably market paris. |
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12:00 | consents. That makes sense. very good. And on this particular |
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12:05 | , there was nothing that I marked a I marked a transgressive surface |
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12:12 | A couple of places they're over land major flooding surfaces and it doesn't look |
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12:16 | I logged any obvious sequence boundaries in core. Mhm. And then in |
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12:24 | end, here's my sequence photography. this is a dip section and it |
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12:30 | sort of it's quite spidery looking. sound stones are very thin. |
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12:35 | And and and compare that to, know, to Tanya says, |
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12:38 | just hold your nose. Don't don't listen to Dennis. There's no |
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12:45 | in there. It's just mostly That's the Dunvegan sandstone, whatever. |
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12:52 | what I just said, well, , actually, if green is shale |
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12:57 | places that Dunvegan is 50% Marine certainly not a sandstone. Now it's |
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13:02 | than the stuff around it. But call it a sandstone is a little |
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13:05 | little unfair in my opinion. All . And you know, now you'll |
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13:12 | Angela, I've used the top So I put this cross section of |
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13:17 | at as far as a postdoc. I said, yeah, I can't |
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13:20 | using bottom hangs. So by by that time I decided to go |
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13:23 | a, you know, I'm still the top bag. Never mind. |
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13:26 | you see how here at the paris go uphill, you know, So |
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13:29 | probably should have used the bottom but there you go. But I |
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13:32 | still faced with the fact that some my well, see that well stops |
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13:35 | , right? Doesn't go all the to the bottom. Anyway. Have |
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13:39 | noticed that that's the cord? that's a chord. Well, that's |
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13:46 | chord. Well, that's a Well, that's a core. That's |
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13:55 | lot of core for one cross Right? So these well on correlations |
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13:59 | calibrated with respect to core. here's a dip section all of a |
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14:04 | . Now the big valleys pop out different valleys at different levels. |
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14:07 | So, you know, you get impression there's trajectories, maybe some down |
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14:17 | , there's a big flood, then pro gradation, there's a down step |
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14:24 | . Big back step program Nation, little down step and so on and |
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14:28 | forth. And then and then there's big transgression above, above this para |
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14:32 | . So that's the maximum aggression of of the Dunvegan. And there's a |
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14:36 | back step sort of two in the paris sequences in Dunvegan. And eventually |
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14:41 | goes into this big transgressive succession And in the in the strike section |
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14:48 | I chose this deliberately to penetrate as of the incised values as possible. |
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14:53 | said, this distance sized valley here through 1, 2, 3. |
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14:57 | cuts three pair of sequences out Okay, and there's a wheeler diagram |
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15:05 | just sort of emphasizes the time graphic relationships. Okay, so let's |
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15:11 | go back to my original schematic sequence and this was drafted directly from a |
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15:18 | off cross section. I just took the wells out to make it a |
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15:21 | bit easier to see the photography and just go through a little bit. |
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15:27 | , so we've got one pair of , two pair of sequences, three |
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15:33 | of sequences for power sequences. So would be a presentational para sequence |
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15:39 | Doesn't look like there's a lot of . What are they doing? |
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15:48 | And what what what are the paris doing distantly? The relationship with the |
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15:52 | surface down? Laughing. Okay, there's a big flood. Then we |
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15:59 | another pro grade, another pro That one's slower down lapping another big |
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16:07 | and we have another pro grade, probe down, lapping. Then we |
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16:12 | a little, a little down Its not really obvious here because I |
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16:17 | an upper data if I use the data and I think the down step |
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16:20 | be clearer. Right? And then another big transgression. Then we have |
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16:25 | forced aggressive Series of three forced aggressive , another transgression and so on, |
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16:32 | so forth. Right, So these regional green flooding surfaces. I could |
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16:38 | over hundreds of kilometers. And the ones, the para sequence boundaries only |
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16:44 | as far as the pair of So I had, I had minor |
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16:47 | major or local and regional flooding Okay. And what that resulted is |
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16:56 | sand stones, these sand stones here to that jasper the shale, these |
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17:03 | sand stones correlated that part of the , very shale. And these Dunvegan |
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17:07 | stones correlated this Shaftesbury shale. So I said is that the chassis shale |
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17:12 | a completely artificial boundary, it has genetic significance whatsoever. The Dunvegan does |
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17:17 | , overlying the chassis bury, it the Shaftesbury right to the Dunvegan. |
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17:22 | stones feed the shastri shales, you , they're genetically related, you |
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17:27 | and the flooding services can be tracked the Dunvegan into the chassis very to |
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17:32 | point where the Shaftesbury completely, you , these, these units completely down |
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17:37 | they completely pinch out and they bound unit above and below, bounded by |
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17:43 | major flooding surfaces that contains both sand and shells. A strata graphic unit |
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17:51 | by discontinuities that contains a variety of is called an ellipse strata graphic unit |
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17:58 | this North Americans Commission strata graphic So I defined Allen member A B |
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18:05 | D, E F and G. , now there's the little photography, |
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18:14 | is the little strata graphic Dunvegan formation the little strata, graphic shastri |
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18:20 | It's just a big shoes on, and my job was to never do |
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18:26 | again. Okay, so little photography the ability to map a map of |
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18:36 | unit, which is sort of a thing, you know, ideally should |
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18:43 | little logically homogeneous, but the Dunvegan not, it's got shells and sounds |
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18:47 | it and of course, you the boundaries are Dia Cronus. So |
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18:55 | photography, there are also um available , unlike literature review, which is |
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19:00 | of forced to be homogeneous. you can be happy if their hetero |
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19:05 | , you can map the sand and unit as long as they're genetically related |
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19:08 | importantly they're bounded by discontinuities. You like Alex photography, just put the |
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19:13 | sequence photography there. Right, Alex is a way to book, keep |
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19:17 | geology defined on strategy, on bounding that you can actually put in a |
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19:23 | graphic code because sequence particular is not Alistair Crowley is anyway, I'm not |
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19:32 | talk about Alice triggered me very He took this class 10 years |
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19:35 | I would have been beacon on about more now here's the map That was |
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19:42 | in the 60s of Dunvegan and you'll that there's there's very distinct lobes. |
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19:47 | see that so there's definitely low bit , it might be time to |
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19:53 | oh there's a river that feeds that , a river that feeds that one |
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19:55 | maybe there's one big river and it for different lobes. But the |
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20:03 | you know, it's hard to differentiate different, you know, everything just |
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20:07 | thicker updated and it's hard to figure . Okay, is there one river |
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20:10 | this load and a different river for lobe that's all kind of lumped |
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20:15 | You can see individual tongues of this , but to be blunt, you |
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20:19 | , I don't know whether this tongue is that one or maybe it's that |
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20:28 | or maybe it's that tongue. So there's there's one, maybe two |
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20:36 | maybe. You know there's 56 or tongues shown by by saying but I |
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20:41 | know which of these lobes is a and the answers might be neither of |
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20:46 | maybe have to thin sand stones and add them two together. It looks |
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20:49 | a thick load. But you some of these lobes might actually have |
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20:53 | reservoir units and to flow units. ? And so if you start drilling |
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20:58 | , oh look at that load of you drill into it. Find its |
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21:00 | little thin sand stones, you know of which is producing at a rate |
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21:05 | to make money. You just wait some money because you don't really understand |
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21:09 | the map relates to the flow units you don't understand the reservoir ceo |
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21:19 | So the individual deposition systems may be down dip, but which sound in |
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21:24 | cross section belongs to which tongue on map because the tongues aren't mapped separately |
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21:30 | . As of as of the these maps and cross sections. Okay, |
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21:38 | contrast I made a map of that sandstone and that low stab website it |
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21:46 | and I got myself now I get lobe and I get a single channel |
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21:51 | that feeds it as opposed to a and I have no idea what feeds |
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21:56 | because I know what feeds it. don't know how the sand's connect |
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21:58 | So I don't know if I've got or I've got a track. So |
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22:02 | a total catastrophe. To understand the ceo pairs whether or not you actually |
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22:07 | a strata graphic trap with my You know exactly whether or not you've |
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22:12 | a strata graphic trap which is why use my maps and don't use these |
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22:17 | anymore. Okay and of course mapping of these para sequences allowed me to |
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22:24 | make all these paleo geographic maps. I have these the oldest our member |
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22:29 | defined was G. So there's the and G. Then there's a regional |
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22:33 | surface that covers that. Then I've delta f. two Delta F. |
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22:39 | which looks a bit more transgressive and and that per sequence. Get that |
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22:43 | that flooding surface there Running across the that I get the oldest of |
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22:49 | Then next e. e. 21 is the last delta. Anyone and |
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22:55 | flooded over there is a transgression. I get this. This is |
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23:01 | I get an elongate show your face with a lagoon behind this is a |
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23:05 | island. So I've gone from deltas alan Member E. To wave dominated |
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23:11 | in in in Allah member D. there's a drop of sea level and |
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23:16 | incised valley cuts in the north end that barrier and deposits a wave dominated |
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23:21 | load and that gets transgressed and then other units look a little funky. |
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23:28 | think they're more wave and tide Uh and it was a little harder |
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23:34 | interpret the details of the deposition of . Nevertheless, I made maps and |
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23:39 | my best, but I made, do you have here? 1234567 |
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23:45 | 10, 11, 12, 1415. I went from one map |
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23:48 | the Dunvegan to 16 maps. some of the maps, it's just |
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23:52 | if the entire area is covered by shale, but that emphasizes the cycle |
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23:57 | nature of the unit. Right? other thing is when the entire area |
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24:02 | transgressed, it's kind of like erasing chalkboard, You know, you don't |
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24:06 | what's gonna come next once you cover area, once the tire is |
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24:11 | you know, you don't know what, what new system is going |
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24:13 | build out over on top of So now I've got max of reservoir |
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24:21 | cares or if you prefer flow units if you prefer aquifers and aquifer |
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24:28 | we don't use the latter term in petroleum business because we're not hydro |
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24:32 | Right? But the concept is really same. So we had a variety |
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24:36 | key surfaces, including minor flooding major flooding surfaces and some erosion sequence |
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24:47 | , kate. So the smaller scale with flooding surfaces, those more or |
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24:52 | defined para sequences. And my PhD called them shingles because the word paris |
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24:57 | hadn't been published yet. Then I've these units these off flapping sets of |
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25:04 | sequences. So these are off flapping sequence sets. And these are my |
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25:09 | members and those are bounded by major surfaces. And then internally to that |
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25:19 | have some episodes of of of degradation those to find the sequence boundaries. |
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25:25 | , although I could define the sequence and interpret them, I couldn't actually |
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25:30 | them in all the wells. They hard to pick and so they weren't |
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25:33 | best surfaces for mapping because there were of sand on sand contacts that I |
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25:39 | pick in the wells only in the . So I had lower confidence on |
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25:45 | sequence pantries. It doesn't mean that weren't there. It just meant I |
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25:48 | pick them consistently in all the whereas the flooding surfaces I could consistently |
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25:54 | with confidence because by and large there a clearer contact of marine shales and |
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26:01 | water sand stones in the well locks I could calibrate that against the |
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26:08 | Now guy plant then. And so worked on the area where the Dunvegan |
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26:15 | out. So I want to walk the disk left and then guide plant |
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26:19 | on. So that that was my area, that sort of box |
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26:24 | Then guide clint math the area to north and west and that included a |
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26:27 | of our crops. And he mapped lovely tribute Tiv systems. So degradation |
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26:33 | landscape, tributaries feed into a trunk which is in size and eventually goes |
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26:39 | , right. I want to do PhD. I had to my bed |
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26:42 | I wasn't sure. I sort I called them distribute ori channels, |
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26:47 | really thinking about it very much. I think in one paragraph in my |
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26:53 | page PhD, I said there could valleys, but I'm going to hedge |
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26:57 | my bets. The late Great Trevor was my external examiner and he |
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27:06 | you know, battlestar, you could consider the the opportunities are incised valleys |
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27:10 | bit more aggressively. You're, you it, but you're very hesitant. |
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27:13 | like, you know, it's because had a hard time mapping them, |
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27:16 | ? So I was like, there could be, you know, |
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27:19 | hypothesized it, but I'll leave it others to make that decision. Right |
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27:25 | the end, Guy Plant went out and rather more confidently verified incised |
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27:31 | Here's a nice example of one of beautiful laterally creating. Well, you've |
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27:36 | the the diagram above and the outcrop showing a large scale erosion all feature |
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27:43 | large lateral accretion beds that he interpreted an incised valley. You notice the |
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27:49 | scale of 50 m here, there's verdict exaggeration. So that channel is |
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27:54 | 21 m thick. But that, a big river. Okay. And |
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27:59 | here's some measured sections. And here can see an individual channel story. |
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28:05 | that would be basically one channel depth it's clear. So here's the erosion |
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28:12 | scour going all the way down here it's multistory. You've got one point |
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28:19 | complex, another one, Maybe a 1 here. You've got three vertically |
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28:27 | . And we're gonna we're gonna talk fluidity photography next. But if you |
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28:31 | a big incision, right? If deeper than the channel that made |
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28:35 | that's a valley, right? The is much deeper and deeper than the |
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28:39 | it made. It It doesn't have be much deeper. It can be |
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28:43 | times deeper. Three times deeper, times deeper. As long as it's |
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28:48 | measurably deeper than if the whole that's is deeper than than than than than |
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28:53 | channel at flood stage. That means in size. Okay. And so |
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28:59 | multistory nature of of the of the , of the fill of that erosion |
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29:06 | surface that I've drawn in the Of course it comes back up. |
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29:11 | ? So that's the channel belt and clearly filled with more than one channel |
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29:16 | . Therefore, that has to be value. And I'll talk about that |
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29:22 | more detail later. So here's our E. And F. And these |
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29:29 | attributed attributed systems that plant mapped, on trunk stream. What's interesting is |
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29:35 | how there's no distributor channels, so trunk stream stops, then there's a |
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29:41 | lobe and Clint was unable to map distributor channels there there. But the |
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29:49 | is he was doing work with well and the distributor channels are small features |
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29:56 | the top of an upper questioning profile the sandy part of the profile. |
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30:02 | let me draw that there's there's my , right? The distributor channels, |
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30:12 | things at the top. This is mouth bars, this is your digital |
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30:17 | front. And these little small channels be resolved in a well log, |
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30:22 | buried in the funnel. Okay. only when you get a big |
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30:27 | that's an incised valley that's big in funnels. So you actually don't see |
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30:31 | channels in the well log. You the, you see these big valley |
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30:35 | , right? That's what's on your loan, right? Distributor channels are |
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30:40 | the funnels and I'll talk about that a lot more detail when we talk |
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30:45 | flu real photography. So we had pair of sequences in in ala, |
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30:55 | D And there's a couple of delta in four. There is three Delta |
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31:02 | and three three delta lobes and And interestingly, you know, although |
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31:07 | didn't see that delta lobe sits right . Okay. And that delta lobe |
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31:12 | right here. So there's, there's examples of lateral switching, right? |
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31:17 | know, there's a sort of delta build there's an area that's not being |
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31:21 | by delta. So the next delta the hole, right? And that's |
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31:24 | we talked about with the title through castle behaving the same way in this |
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31:29 | . The topography is just prompt controlled differential compaction. The sands compact |
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31:35 | The shells compact more. And so get low areas in between the delta |
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31:40 | And then that's where the shoreline is the end of of of of |
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31:44 | And then that's where it was at end of two. That's where it |
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31:48 | at the end of one. And about a that's about a 60, |
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31:54 | km basin would shift. That's a . Okay, that's quite a |
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32:05 | Okay, so there's a map. this map here. And I've I've |
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32:15 | I've drawn I've taken that lobe, it on this map. So that |
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32:19 | right there and there's a map. , so there's the The older delta |
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32:26 | in two. It's in size by valley and that feeds this younger load |
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32:32 | . Okay. And I'm going to a couple of cross sections, a |
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32:35 | section going from the high stand to low stand and then we're gonna look |
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32:40 | strike sections. Okay, uh here's tip section course on the bottom, |
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32:49 | logs above. So that the core of shows things in more detail. |
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32:54 | is incised valley cutting into these old of sequences And there is this low |
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33:00 | , low big blob of sand here it's on lapping uh so there's Delta |
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33:06 | . There's delta one and delta one all lapping Delta two. And the |
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33:11 | valley Is in sizing into two and Delta one. Okay, now here's |
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33:20 | same cross section. I've taken a of the wells away just to make |
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33:23 | a bit simpler. And again we're to focus on al remember e |
|
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33:30 | so there's the well a cross black represents the core, the black |
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33:37 | of the court intervals. We call Hiestand Delta because of the low stand |
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33:45 | . We have a course of the and then of course in this kind |
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33:48 | area, that's a little bit of valley, a little bit lambda delta |
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33:54 | . So here's what the course the descriptions look like. We've got upper |
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34:00 | Hiestand Delta fighting up a channel. up with Delta finding up at bay |
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34:08 | . And then of course from up down. Okay, let's start with |
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34:13 | high stand. Okay, so we're start with this 1531. Well, |
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34:20 | at the base we've got, so is the base with the core, |
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34:26 | the top of the core. So got inter bedded mud stones and silt |
|
|
34:34 | , inter bedded mud stones and silt . There's a silt stone here with |
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34:38 | very fine lower sound of the base a little bit sounder upwards. More |
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34:45 | here. There's a little bit of at the top here. Okay, |
|
|
34:50 | sorry. Yeah. You think I'd this memorized? I've looked at so |
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34:58 | much. Right, forget what I said. The base is here. |
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35:06 | top is up here. Okay, I turn the lights on, You |
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|
35:10 | ? This is hard to say. you see a benefit? Mhm. |
|
|
35:19 | , this is really more of a trip. So I want you to |
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|
35:22 | able to see that. Yeah, fine. Okay, so you'll |
|
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35:37 | We've got a finding upward facing succession the bottom of well, so it's |
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35:42 | here. It's a little bit less . There's some borrowing there and it |
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35:47 | up into this mud stone. The stones laminated. You do have these |
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|
35:51 | based graded very fine lower sand to stone beds. The brown represents separate |
|
|
35:58 | is an iron carbonate. Probably an die genetic feature. Thank you. |
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36:05 | lots of normally graded beds. There's very moderate level of borrowing in |
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|
36:11 | on a scale of 0-60 being no , six being 100% burrows. This |
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|
36:17 | called the bar incubation index. The Basin Index and the score is about |
|
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36:22 | , which is quite low. We to course and upwards there's some nice |
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36:29 | casts here. So the sand was or silt and it sank into the |
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|
36:34 | . Right? So that soft sediment there is the top of the |
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36:40 | That's that point there. That's the flooding surface and that's a fairly minor |
|
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36:44 | surface doesn't correlate very far and you see all sorts of grated beds in |
|
|
36:50 | and then we go into a muddy . Just a little bit muddier than |
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|
36:54 | . It's all it's all pro Deltek distal delta front here, approximate pro |
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37:00 | . And then we're into a digital delta. Above this feature here is |
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37:07 | ball of pillar structure. So this a layer of sand and it just |
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37:11 | into the mud producing what's called soft deformation and the structure sometimes called ball |
|
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37:17 | pillow structure notice that there's almost no here. Okay, so the ubiquity |
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37:24 | soft sediment deformation, the abundance of silt stone beds and the lack of |
|
|
37:31 | are all competitive with with, with of mud, with a lot of |
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37:36 | , so very high porosity, very e and soupy in order to trap |
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37:43 | that water. The sedimentation rates have very high, and the best way |
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37:46 | get a very high sedimentation rates is have a river just spewing its mud |
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37:52 | the, into the coast. and then the, the, |
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37:59 | the, the transition back to shales these inter bedded sand stones and mud |
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38:04 | is interpreted as a minor flooding Then we continue to course, not |
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38:09 | black mud stones here, let me this slug of sandstone with a very |
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38:13 | based, but it goes back into , so it's kind of back and |
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38:18 | . Then we go into this weird with just nonstop ball and pillar structures |
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|
38:24 | is a ball of sandstone and they see. I've got a host of |
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38:34 | . This is filled with ripple across that was a bit of rippled sandstone |
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38:40 | deposited over very waterlogged mud and it sank in and sure enough, |
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38:47 | and the club and ripples show very sedimentation rates. So and and you |
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38:54 | , here is a nice flat sandstone all flat lamination. Sometimes I have |
|
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38:58 | of ripples on top, so that's BC sequence a classic waning flow to |
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39:03 | the current just just spewing out from delta, more bone pillow. And |
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39:09 | here you can start to see beautiful ripples in these sands here. So |
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39:16 | kind of stop and start. It's sand here now it's all sand. |
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39:22 | , so now in the top of delta and we start to see some |
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39:27 | beds, so angular post cross beds were getting into the mouth bar, |
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39:33 | distribute two channel faces. You maybe that's the base of a distributor |
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39:38 | coming coming into a little bay There's a bit of borrowing in |
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39:42 | it's pretty minor. Okay, and we get to the top of the |
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39:47 | and we get these vertical penetrating features deep into the core, those are |
|
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39:52 | digging down against the water. So S. C. Surface, there |
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39:56 | Severin exposed plants were growing, the were high and dry digging down to |
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40:02 | to the water table. Then the level began to rise and so the |
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40:08 | exposure surface is over land by this sediment deformed mud stone with lots of |
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40:15 | material in it. That's probably a plain faces. Okay, it might |
|
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40:23 | the initial rise of the water table the beginning of the turnaround. And |
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|
40:28 | we see this incised surface here that a bar debated muddy sandstone directly on |
|
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40:35 | Laguna coastal faces. So that that's actually bio erosion. The waves |
|
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40:41 | come back exposed to stiff substrate and have just dug down and all of |
|
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40:48 | sudden there's a marine, there's a marine, but there's a marine festival |
|
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40:53 | on with the party of all these animals where there was a swamp, |
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40:57 | gone from a swamp and murky yucky . A swamp to a nice marine |
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41:03 | dominated. Happy time. Then we this, you see this beautiful CN |
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41:09 | burrow here, then there's a razor contact there, there's more erosion. |
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41:14 | we see a bar debated sandy mud and then then we get the end |
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41:19 | it and then we're into a laminated stone. So we've got a suburban |
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41:24 | surface that's a sea level drop. it sort of rises a bit, |
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41:29 | eventually the waves come back across and a transgressive deposit and eventually we get |
|
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41:34 | maximum deepening sediments shut off completely and time passes until the next the toes |
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41:45 | the next pro delta comes building out . So that's the story of the |
|
|
41:52 | . Well, now, let's look this size value that that cuts cuts |
|
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41:57 | this stuff out. So here's the section when we can see what kind |
|
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42:03 | draw on the board there, you ? And in size feature the bases |
|
|
42:07 | . The top is flat, the bars represent the cause. So there's |
|
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42:12 | core cross section now where I've got space here with no symbol. That |
|
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42:18 | they hit the sandstone with well took bed out, put the Corbett in |
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42:25 | the sandstone and then kept on But they cord they drilled through the |
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42:29 | of the sand before they started pouring . Same here they drilled through the |
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42:35 | and then started coring. So they through the reservoir and then started calling |
|
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42:39 | late. Right. Anyway, and notice that it's all muds here, |
|
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42:43 | it's all muds and then we got big and you know, all muds |
|
|
42:48 | upward and then the question is replaced a sharp based finding upwards. Let's |
|
|
42:54 | at the base of one of these , laminated mud stones, razor sharp |
|
|
43:01 | cross bedded sandstone. We've got flu superimposed on pro delta. I think |
|
|
43:06 | showed you this picture earlier when I about key surfaces and methods. |
|
|
43:12 | So again, you can see where top of the core is. Let's |
|
|
43:18 | look at this 2-1. Well, in this case top is on the |
|
|
43:24 | , Barbara is on the right. the way shell used to archive their |
|
|
43:28 | . So you can see in the of the well, we've got these |
|
|
43:37 | short based normally great in bed so english means it's, it's great at |
|
|
43:43 | off. Okay. And we've got muddy sediments low bar activation, lots |
|
|
43:50 | graded beds. This is a river Pro delta. Then we've got this |
|
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43:55 | sharp contact and we've got cross bedded above sand stones continue uh, with |
|
|
44:08 | eye of faith hair. This is with small scale ripple cross lamination, |
|
|
44:18 | hmm. All the way through There's some soft sediment deformation. So |
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|
44:26 | this is abandoned channel Phil. Up this point here, let me get |
|
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44:33 | dipping erosion surface that's eroding into this channel Phil. And we've got this |
|
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44:40 | debated muddy sandy mud stone, muddy is to, to sandy mud |
|
|
44:47 | Again, finding upward the degree of is 4 to 5, maybe |
|
|
44:55 | Let me get a razor sharp contact then we're overwhelmed by a laminated mud |
|
|
44:59 | . The laminated much stoners deposited much quickly that that represents the next pro |
|
|
45:05 | . Okay, so a lot of has passed at that surface. So |
|
|
45:11 | the base of this valley fill, get an erosion of surface putting cross |
|
|
45:17 | sand stones with a lag on top Pro delta. There's that nice graded |
|
|
45:24 | . Okay. And on top we've this scoured surface that's transgressive scour over |
|
|
45:30 | by this stuff like a sparrow muddy and grading up into a sandy mud |
|
|
45:38 | . And that's the top of the debated faces. And now you can |
|
|
45:42 | to see graded beds again. So is the Pro Delta faces. And |
|
|
45:47 | course There's 1020 cm so of this finding awkward faces, but it collapses |
|
|
45:55 | the thickness, the pencil. I to make the correlations so you can |
|
|
45:58 | two surfaces in the in the You can't separate the that transgress the |
|
|
46:03 | of erosion from the, from the flooding surfaces in the well log. |
|
|
46:08 | too thin. Okay, so just remind ourselves of where we are, |
|
|
46:16 | looked at the high stand. Then had a look at the valley. |
|
|
46:21 | , next we'll go to this area . So that area is in between |
|
|
46:26 | distribution channels and kind of penetrates that older upward question unit. So here's |
|
|
46:35 | well 16-10 courses upwards. Then it upwards the sequence boundary is somewhere around |
|
|
46:44 | . And some people like to start up for questioning finding upward. You |
|
|
46:48 | , I just I just draw an , but some people like find a |
|
|
46:51 | , adds the emphasis. Right? let's look at this middle core |
|
|
46:57 | Once again, we're in these heterocyclic . Inter bedded sand stones and mud |
|
|
47:01 | , hardly a burrow to be This is actually a gutter cast. |
|
|
47:07 | an irrational scour cut during a big , right? It's a U. |
|
|
47:10 | thing. It's an elongate looks a like a gutter. And uh and |
|
|
47:15 | and the core managed to hit right in the middle of one of these |
|
|
47:19 | . The course is upwards. so it's getting sandy or upwards, |
|
|
47:24 | can see a little mud stone rip class there, there's actually, there's |
|
|
47:28 | changed from medium sand here with cross to find sand below. And clearly |
|
|
47:35 | a contact here that separates shales above sand stones below. The question |
|
|
47:40 | is that the sequence boundary? Or it's that one? Okay, there's |
|
|
47:52 | there. Yeah, so I think still part of the cautioning upward. |
|
|
47:57 | also a shale there. Right, I think that's actually probably the the |
|
|
48:02 | boundary, yep. So you're the shales there represent the fact you're |
|
|
48:07 | in the delta, a delta front have a bar, you know, |
|
|
48:10 | bar can be draped by shale. ? So those are still in the |
|
|
48:13 | front. Then we go into what I call this organic squishy |
|
|
48:19 | It looks like it's it's not it's not quite non marine, it's |
|
|
48:23 | that kind of Laguna bay filled Then that courses upward into an inter |
|
|
48:28 | sandstone, mud stones looks like a Phil. And then on top of |
|
|
48:33 | there is this coarse sandstone that's bar . And then it's over lined, |
|
|
48:37 | much, much much blacker mud Look at that piece of corn, |
|
|
48:43 | detail. We turn around beautiful glossy , t sharp walled, passively unfilled |
|
|
48:49 | land by totally barred debated finding upward to muddy facings. Mhm. So |
|
|
48:57 | the glossy fungi to signal faces. that marks a transgressive surface of erosion |
|
|
49:05 | . Uh huh. That contact represents some initial flooding of the bay. |
|
|
49:12 | here I think you can see it , you can see the cross |
|
|
49:17 | right? And it's pretty clear that sound start above is medium sound and |
|
|
49:25 | sandstone below is mud rippled sandstone and . The rippled sandstone is very |
|
|
49:30 | So there's a significant grain size break Angela, that's the face that you're |
|
|
49:34 | about mud stone, sandstone, mud . It's an inter bended faces. |
|
|
49:38 | it's kind of that transition from pro , delta front, and then |
|
|
49:42 | We get a course across many That's probably a distributor rechannel coming across |
|
|
49:47 | top. Now, let's have a at the low stand, doubted that |
|
|
49:52 | system feeds. Okay, so here are at the base we got quite |
|
|
49:59 | black looking mud stone. Then there's razor sharp contact and there's this thick |
|
|
50:05 | . It's it's very fine sand and soft out of a different debt |
|
|
50:09 | This to me looks like a So my guess is there was a |
|
|
50:12 | of sea level and sounds don't kind probably slumped in if you will. |
|
|
50:18 | then the system recovered. But notice these faces are much sandy er than |
|
|
50:23 | shells below. So it looks like more proximal faces is overlying a more |
|
|
50:28 | faces and there's a sharp contact at boundary. Unfortunately, an inconsiderate person |
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|
50:42 | at the score before I did, took acid and they dropped it on |
|
|
50:47 | core and they were too lazy to off the acid. So this mark |
|
|
50:55 | is the market, he asked. person didn't wash off. So that's |
|
|
50:59 | that's not to be judged. that's an acid state. Okay, |
|
|
51:04 | you can see there's there's, you , borrowing up here, you |
|
|
51:11 | that's acid stain. It's inter The percentage of borrowing here is maybe |
|
|
51:19 | . So that would be a I index of about three on a |
|
|
51:21 | of 0-6. So that's still a low level of motivation. And the |
|
|
51:27 | the bike probation, the more stressed environment and the stresses can be high |
|
|
51:33 | , maybe a bit brackish, which indicates there's a river close by the |
|
|
51:38 | goes away, the sedimentation rate drops . Things get by debated quickly. |
|
|
51:44 | once again, we see these nice bedded sand stones and mud stones. |
|
|
51:48 | start to see some nice ball and structures that's acid stain. That's acid |
|
|
51:58 | . So ignore that here again is and pillow. Uh Here's ball and |
|
|
52:05 | . The sound stones are life's flame here and all this. Ball and |
|
|
52:10 | is indicative of very rapid deposition. , and we continue to caution |
|
|
52:16 | There's much chips here. This is interesting here. There is a much |
|
|
52:23 | that has a shape like this. notice if you can see that the |
|
|
52:30 | of the mud chip is brown and margins are gray. The center is |
|
|
52:36 | , the margin is considered unsterilized So there was a cigarette nodule that |
|
|
52:41 | early surrounded by clay that probably had dispersed in it that got ripped |
|
|
52:48 | The soft clay, got, got washed away and the slightly stiffer |
|
|
52:54 | clay was able to hold its own bit. That's a good, a |
|
|
52:58 | evidence for early civil rights event because cigarette classes actually captured as a class |
|
|
53:04 | the sandstone. So the center right to be there before before it was |
|
|
53:10 | into a class. All right. we continue to coarsen upwards again. |
|
|
53:17 | the stuff here is asset state, can start to see some stratification, |
|
|
53:28 | ? It's low angle, there could some sway. Huh. Monkey in |
|
|
53:31 | . So it could be a sort a river dominated wave. Storm wave |
|
|
53:35 | delta. Okay, we're going to jump to the next court because the |
|
|
53:41 | on the left didn't go to the and the corn on the right didn't |
|
|
53:44 | go to the bottom. So we back down again a little bit and |
|
|
53:52 | again inter bedded sand stones and sometimes zones of borrowed libation, rare |
|
|
54:01 | , there's some soft sediment deformation baldwin pillow, maybe some cross |
|
|
54:08 | flat stratification. Again some into thin muds, mostly sand, there's classic |
|
|
54:15 | front sand stones, very river dominated just events. Ah yeah. |
|
|
54:38 | Mr. So what's broken? Oh right. I'm just saying I feel |
|
|
54:48 | the situation in place. Okay. fractured. Alright, forget it. |
|
|
55:03 | . Yeah. So let's give this for example. Right. I think |
|
|
55:06 | question you're asking like clearly that contact you know, that's probably cord right |
|
|
55:12 | . You got a channel and it's But but wait a minute like it's |
|
|
55:17 | doesn't fit together right now that the slabs, right? So the man |
|
|
55:21 | to fit the core together when they it. Maybe there's a little bit |
|
|
55:25 | , you know? So there's reasons that could be right. I measured |
|
|
55:28 | core so I knew there was there's no core missing in that well. |
|
|
55:33 | I think it was just just you where they may have just taking one |
|
|
55:36 | of slab to put it in, a piece and slapped it and put |
|
|
55:39 | in and they didn't fit them They cut them separately. Right then |
|
|
55:43 | they put them back in they didn't together anymore. It happens all the |
|
|
55:48 | . Okay. Yeah, that sounds this. You know when core |
|
|
55:53 | it's all sharing, it's all No 1s dropped that right. You |
|
|
55:58 | I mean that core has been Right Anyway. So yeah, looking |
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56:07 | further, you can usually sound like bottom. It was exciting, but |
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56:12 | won't be fun. Like even though looks like, okay, you'll |
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56:23 | It's not lastly, thank you. spent hours fitting quarterback together before I |
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56:36 | hours. I didn't spend hours. would, I spent two years describing |
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56:45 | . Well 2, 3 month long is a couple of christmases. I |
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56:50 | 184 cores and there was a lot time. I'm like, okay, |
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56:54 | have been jumbled a bit. I'd fitting them together. That peace has |
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56:57 | around. I spent hours putting it the jigs that the core jigsaw puzzle |
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57:04 | . Alright. Anyway, so there's flooding service. Okay. Mhm. |
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57:12 | here's a couple of points. The high stand delta is very few |
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57:19 | dominated and the lone stand delta is flu real dominated. They both have |
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57:24 | , elliptic faces, low byte probation , lots of soft sediment deformation and |
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57:29 | are attached. Right? So most wouldn't be put a big genetic difference |
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57:35 | the, between the high stand river delta and the attached low stand river |
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57:39 | delta. It's like this. on the river and I'm feeding a |
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57:46 | , there's no drop of sea level on the river, but I'm feeding |
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57:50 | out what's his again? I'm a feeding it down to downtown. We'll |
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57:56 | you on the ground and I just on going? You know, maybe |
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57:59 | stick a little bit. It's just . Why doesn't even set the water |
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58:03 | goes, you know, keeps on . So when we talk about genetic |
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58:10 | , is there much taking up all ? A little Seattle draw and the |
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58:15 | just kept on going right. It's shift. It's like it was it |
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58:18 | going like this and just check the . Okay. So in terms of |
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58:27 | all faces, the sequence boundary separates same deposition systems. There's no |
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58:33 | magnificent change in the deposition steps below above the sequence boundary. Okay, |
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58:42 | , if we look at the wheeler of one of these, Ala |
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58:46 | okay. We see that there's, know, the rapidly deposited faces. |
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58:54 | , so these deltas are whoops, know, they're they're programming past the |
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58:59 | and they fill up really quickly and the delta's past you. Right. |
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59:03 | that surface just sitting there similar, sitting there, then the system turned |
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59:11 | and the city starts to come The service is sitting there sitting there |
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59:16 | adventure the waves come across the Okay, that's the hiatus. There's |
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59:21 | long time from the point where the goes past until the water comes back |
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59:27 | again. Okay, of course, how it just decreases as you go |
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59:32 | the distal end, eventually the belt and then it begins to flood |
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59:38 | Okay, so the rapidly deposited faces before you get to the hiatus. |
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59:46 | are these horrific faces. And I've calculations in order to fill about a |
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59:52 | m deep hole. Probably takes a 100 years. Right? So all |
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59:57 | these shales here probably represent a few years of deposition. We started to |
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60:02 | the number of beds and sort of out if there's two or 300 |
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60:06 | how many beds are there? It like there's about one or two events |
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60:09 | per year. It probably means there one or two big storms every |
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60:13 | One or two big river floods. folks, The average river floods about |
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60:17 | days a year. That's about what's in this photographic record. Okay. |
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60:24 | contrast, you've got this massive hiatus the transgression and there it is. |
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60:31 | that surface there represents a really long of time. I mean, it |
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60:37 | be 10,000 years Of of Gap vs years of deposition. And then of |
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60:44 | the waves come across the area and produce that little green band, the |
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60:49 | faces, you know, that might Maybe 20, maybe 100 years, |
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60:53 | know? And then it's gone, , let's take a break. So |
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61:04 | done Alan Embree, which is a dominate delta. Now we're going to |
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61:08 | the next album member, which is last one we'll talk about and I |
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61:11 | take a little bit of time and finish up and we'll see where we |
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61:16 | probably gonna be about and another half hour maybe to finish up. Then |
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61:20 | take a little break. We'll talk some more exercises and we'll see how |
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61:24 | day is going. Okay. There go, yep. So the basic |
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61:34 | I'm telling I'm telling here is I'm you example of all the detailed |
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61:41 | Trying to give you an idea of level of detail of species that can |
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61:45 | observed, Walters, Walters, far contacts look like. And of |
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61:53 | you know how that ties into this sequence data, graphic correlation and |
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61:59 | you know, beginning with the idea this was just an undifferentiated sort of |
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62:03 | sandstone wedge. Now it's been broken into its its its genetic compartments that |
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62:09 | both genetic units pro grade with the surface. And then of course that |
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62:14 | defines the basic reservoir architecture of the and allows you to find the smaller |
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62:20 | isolate flow units or areas of potentially and maybe bypassed or missed oil. |
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|
62:31 | ? We now jump up to Member D and al Member D. |
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62:35 | even less of an aggregation, all than E. Is thicker. It's |
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62:39 | flu real dominated Diaz thinner. Uh looks like the space was a little |
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62:45 | less overall, the pair of sequences a bit a little bit thinner and |
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62:50 | less evidence for flu real processes in deposition, Not zero but less. |
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62:58 | this shows two of the elements in . A map of this sandstone |
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63:05 | which is which maps out as an shore, parallel wave dominated barrier. |
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63:11 | then that's eroded into biden sized valley feeds this wave dominated delta. There's |
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63:18 | valley here. But to be honest you, there's very poor data down |
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63:22 | . So the geometry of data was a little iffy on, but it |
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63:25 | like there's a big incision there. , the orange units younger, |
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63:30 | the orange units older and the Elliott's . And set seaward of the orange |
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63:37 | . So once again, we have a series of cores with the black |
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63:42 | that penetrate this wave dominated shore face incised valley. And then the low |
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63:48 | uh wave dominated delta system here. the course. So the seven of |
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63:58 | well caused the this wave dominated barrier . It also cores some of these |
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64:05 | para sequences. These are little enigmatic . They're thin, they're truncated. |
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64:12 | look like they're some floaty influence, I was never able to make much |
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64:15 | to tail them. Then this Hiestand is eroded into by this finding upward |
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64:22 | valley fill and it has a lot marine influence than in Alabama e. |
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64:28 | . And then it feeds this low , shorelines, shore face, wave |
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64:32 | delta. So once again, let's in this lowest shingle or Paris sequence |
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|
64:39 | . three. And once again, back to this kind of laminated |
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|
64:44 | Okay, there's a little gutter cast here. Okay, Uh there's lots |
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64:49 | evidence of of graded beds. Silty beds. So quite a lot of |
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64:53 | real influence, flu real storm influence that lowest para sequence. Uh it |
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65:00 | upward upward to this point here. , so that's uh Yeah, |
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65:15 | that's that contact here. So there's lower power sequence of this laminated |
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65:22 | It's got deformation, shrinkage, gutter casts, and there's a little |
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65:27 | on top of that. Some bar hunky sand stones here and then there's |
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65:31 | transgressive lag. And that's right at point, right there. Then it |
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65:37 | into an overlying faces and immediately you see the rocks are very much more |
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65:42 | debated With the bike probation, it's from five, two, maybe three |
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65:47 | to five. So little windows of , but mostly bar incubation, |
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65:53 | And it very quickly starts to get or upwards and once again, completely |
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|
65:57 | , debated muddy sandstone and then laminated stones. And same here, Bart |
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66:05 | slightly muddy sand stones and then laminated stones and this is actually called lamb |
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66:12 | laminated scrambled, laminated scrambled, scrambled by motivation. Okay, a lot |
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|
66:19 | swelling and Nikki cross stratification here as go up, it starts to get |
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66:24 | the large scale cross beds. so those are the cross beds here |
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|
66:30 | those are probably upper shore face and cross bedding here and then eventually goes |
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66:38 | into parallel laminated sand stones that are beach or foreshore. Okay, there |
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66:47 | the top of the beach sandstone, is riddled with roots trying to get |
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66:52 | to the water table, right? put dig their roots down to get |
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66:57 | the water right? If if there's if there if the water table is |
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67:04 | surface, then you don't need You just take the take your nutrition |
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67:07 | out of the water right now. interesting is overlaying that rooted surfaces a |
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67:13 | now for years and so the calls plants and the routes where they're digging |
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67:18 | . But in fact when the plants digging down, that means the water |
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67:22 | below the surface and you're not going preserve your plants. So the plants |
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67:27 | got preserved probably represented a new phase plants that were deposited when the water |
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67:32 | popped above the surface. So, think that surface there was originally severity |
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67:39 | the sequence boundary, then it's over by the coal, which I think |
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67:44 | the beginning of the rise of the table and then eventually it's overlaying by |
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67:50 | bar incubated sandstone, overlaying this cold laminated mud deposits. And we see |
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67:56 | transgressive surface of erosion over land by flooding surface. Okay, and what's |
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68:03 | is we see the exactly same suite surfaces. And remember d a sequence |
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68:09 | with routes taken down that kind of poor alec coastal playing coal faces and |
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68:15 | a transgressive surface of erosion and a or maximum funding service. So we |
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68:21 | all the same surfaces all the same . The only difference is the sequence |
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68:26 | and alan Member C. Sorry, the sequence boundary Dalam member E. |
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68:31 | Liza river dominated delta. The sequence and I remember D over Liza barrier |
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68:36 | face same surfaces the same order. the faces and deposition environments in between |
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68:42 | different. Now let's have a look the valley right away. You can |
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68:49 | on this diagram there is a sand valley and then the upper part of |
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68:53 | valley is the mud filled. Now did see we saw upper muddy fills |
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69:00 | A. Mhm. But these are more marine looking. There is a |
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69:05 | section lots of cores. The black represent cores so the valleys shallow on |
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69:13 | left side and quite a bit deeper the right side. Thanks. And |
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69:20 | the valley has sandy fail shown in kind of a big sort of brackish |
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69:27 | mud stone in the middle and then got to sand your faces on |
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69:31 | Let's have a look at what that like. So here's the bar debated |
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69:36 | ethics below. Then we see a contact and we see sand stones above |
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69:45 | you can clearly see that there's burrowing the sand stones. There's mud ship |
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69:50 | ups, there is cross bedding, , so sharp contact between the lightly |
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69:57 | heretic faces of probably a power sequence . three which was the flu real |
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70:04 | . The barriers and it's mud stones completely missing here and we see thin |
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70:10 | and burrows in the overlying faces and borough suggests marine influence. And the |
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70:15 | thin mud drapes probably represent tidal So right away we see that this |
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70:20 | fill has more marine influence and more influence than C. Than D. |
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70:25 | , then e the face is fine . You can see again, you |
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70:32 | , this little burrows here, there's mud drapes. We can see more |
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70:37 | and then we get into this muddy faces. It's quite horrific, but |
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70:41 | got two x 2 x two based index Get on a scale of |
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70:46 | bar debated zero is nothing. This probably 2, 2, 3, |
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70:51 | two have been certainly not for Maybe quite three, but maybe 1-2 and |
|
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70:56 | half. Yeah. And you it still stays that way. You |
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71:01 | , it's at the very top of sandstone, it's more bark debated and |
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71:04 | was a bit of a monkey sound here. So a bit of wave |
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71:07 | . Then there's a mud and then get a little last gasp of activated |
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71:12 | and then we're into the laminated Now we haven't told about estuaries, |
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71:20 | and estuaries there's two types of Wave dominant estuaries in which a barrier |
|
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71:26 | closes off the mouth of the estuary as the area behind is muddy. |
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71:32 | get the river feeding at bay head , you get a sandy barrier at |
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71:35 | front and you get this tightly influenced bay mud stones that gives you a |
|
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71:41 | Phil sand at the bottom, sound the top, mud in the middle |
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71:48 | here's what it looks like. So got more sand as you go |
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71:53 | Then you get santa base at the of the middle and more marines stand |
|
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71:57 | the mouth. Okay, that seems be what we see in in this |
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72:02 | film sands which are tied to the but quite course means they're coming from |
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72:07 | river and being tightly worked. Then over line by this big slug of |
|
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72:12 | and then we get a cap of at the top, right. And |
|
|
72:15 | fits very nicely with this tripartite model it's sand at the base, sand |
|
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72:19 | the top and central basin, mud in the middle. So that's kind |
|
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72:24 | a model of estuary films. So interpreted this as a probable estuary. |
|
|
72:31 | let's have a look at the sand the at the end of the |
|
|
72:36 | So here's these mud stones here. . What? Mhm. Yeah, |
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72:47 | , tide dominated area would have a of tidal sands in the middle of |
|
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72:50 | estuary rather than a central bay mud . Thanks. And I think the |
|
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72:56 | energy, the Dunvegan was pretty low general. So there is some tidal |
|
|
72:59 | , but it's not a tight dominated . That makes sense. Bye. |
|
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73:04 | here we have these mud stones, gutter casts. So there's some preservation |
|
|
73:09 | sedimentary structures. That's probably that three para sequence as you can see |
|
|
73:14 | the cross section. Then it goes more bar debated. Now we're in |
|
|
73:20 | d. 2 and then it starts cross an upward into the delta. |
|
|
73:25 | upward coarsening facey succession. Okay. we see evidence of less far debated |
|
|
73:32 | that lower power sequence and then it's participated in the upper power sequence. |
|
|
73:38 | the top looks like it's right about . Okay, we continue. Stands |
|
|
73:45 | . They're quite well defined lamination and never quite We don't call the top |
|
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73:51 | this 3 28. Well, let's a look at this core in the |
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|
74:01 | . Ah I was doing a weblog and I took these photographs when I |
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|
74:13 | teaching the class. So once again uh we're in these So we got |
|
|
74:19 | . Yeah, it looks like this completely cuts out this pair of sequence |
|
|
74:25 | . There's there's a subtle sequence boundary and that's probably it's hard to say |
|
|
74:33 | it is because it gets pretty cryptic I put it. Yeah, it's |
|
|
74:40 | bit muddier here. It could be around here where it goes sandy |
|
|
74:48 | Nice uh precaution faces succession. Inter , horrific sounds and muds, you |
|
|
74:53 | , there's some grated beds in There's some bar debated beds. So |
|
|
74:58 | get a lot more bar debated than see in C. In E. |
|
|
75:03 | less bar debate than in the two barrier. Um but maybe a |
|
|
75:09 | bit more bar debated than the three parachutes courses up into sand stones |
|
|
75:15 | laminated and wow, look at There is the camp and it goes |
|
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75:20 | into laminated mud stones about the sharpest surface you can see in beautiful uh |
|
|
75:27 | amorphous burrows here, right. Trip right. And then look at the |
|
|
75:34 | distal end of the system. So quite silty and bark abated above the |
|
|
75:42 | boundary. Quite a bit more laminated the sequence boundary, believe or |
|
|
75:47 | That's the sequence boundary. A slight in salt at a slight increase in |
|
|
75:56 | clarity courses upward, but it courses , it's probably into a muddy |
|
|
76:03 | muddy, silty sandstone were kind of here. Right, It's never severity |
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|
76:08 | . And of course here it's it's upwards and then it just went |
|
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76:12 | It was never exposed. We don't a transgressive surface erosion anymore because the |
|
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76:17 | is never exposed. We just get a sudden deepening surface. And then |
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|
76:24 | a close up of the sequence We see more by incubation above. |
|
|
76:29 | we see less participation below. And interesting is if you look at the |
|
|
76:37 | log, look at it carefully. see how the well log shows |
|
|
76:41 | The gamma log shows a very sharp to the to the left. That |
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76:44 | it's much less clear rich. Okay the sequence boundaries actually in this case |
|
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76:48 | little bit better picked up by the off. So let's make a few |
|
|
76:57 | here. Alan member E. Was fluke deal dominated delta. It was |
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77:04 | grade, it was flu feel There was a little drop of sea |
|
|
77:08 | and it just kept on trucking as political dominated delta. Okay so there |
|
|
77:25 | is Flu will dominate delta in the and two and that fluid will dominate |
|
|
77:30 | . Anyone and then the entire area underwater. There it is all |
|
|
77:39 | It's like it's like raising the bar then some system came in that was |
|
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77:47 | bar debated. It's so muddy. wasn't able to happen. That's the |
|
|
77:52 | . So I didn't make a map it. D. Two maps out |
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|
77:58 | beautiful elongate barrier island totally wave dominated different system from E. One. |
|
|
78:06 | ? So you talk about de positional , there's there's a legal deposition |
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78:12 | The transgression wipes the slate clean. the next thing you know, we've |
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78:15 | a wave dominated barrier. So the of de positional systems cannot be predicted |
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78:21 | and above this major flooding surface. in sequence photography. Exxon said the |
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78:28 | barry is the big genetic break Bill said nonsense. You know the transgressions |
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78:34 | of wipe the slate clean and the above the flooding surface can be very |
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78:38 | . And Bill Bill and I kind kindred spirits. I don't agree with |
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78:42 | he says, but certainly I'm definitely maximum flooding service kind of guy. |
|
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78:47 | like, yeah, once you get maximum flooding surface and the air is |
|
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78:50 | underwater, you can make no predictions the nature of deposition systems that |
|
|
78:56 | that will build above that major flooding . Okay. And and these series |
|
|
79:01 | maps show that nicely. Okay, what we've shown is that we've got |
|
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79:25 | Allah members. So my big break the remember flooding surface and it's separated |
|
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79:30 | flapping river dominated delta with a low in it from an off flapping wave |
|
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79:35 | system, an estuary system with a a low stand in it. So |
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|
79:38 | had my sequence, I had my all sequence inside my allen member because |
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79:45 | didn't think that the sequence battery, though even though I showed an irrational |
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79:49 | there and interpreted to be a result a city level drop, I wasn't |
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79:54 | confident mapping it and yes, I it, but I didn't feel it |
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79:58 | the best basis for mapping. So I didn't make it my fundamental |
|
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80:02 | . It's there. I didn't, didn't shy away from it. If |
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80:06 | prefer to draw a big black line that go ahead. Make that your |
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80:09 | break. Right? You're welcome to that. The correlations don't change if |
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80:13 | choose to emphasize that surface, you , Exxon and Bill Galloway would correlate |
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80:18 | rocks the same way. They would say, oh what do you think |
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80:21 | that the maximum floods more important? what Galloway would say. Excellent would |
|
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80:24 | no, no, no. The brown is more important. I'm |
|
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80:27 | you know what? They're both pretty , right? And they're both they're |
|
|
80:30 | critical to use as mapping if you . Now, interestingly, the top |
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|
80:36 | d drops by 25 m And the of the drops by five m. |
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80:46 | it looks like d never had as combination to begin with. So a |
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80:50 | accommodation system in general and the accommodation mostly negative, which is why the |
|
|
80:55 | cut deeper. Indeed. Uh I think there's a lot of space |
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81:00 | begin with. And so when there a drop, maybe there was more |
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81:04 | subsidence. And so the actual use drop ended up being relatively less. |
|
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81:10 | the incised valleys are a little bit . The down stepping of those wedges |
|
|
81:16 | similar to what we see in their , I don't show them very well |
|
|
81:20 | I used a top data. in this diagram, I use the |
|
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81:28 | data and you can see the down much easier, right? You see |
|
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81:35 | this down steps now, right? it looks much more like their own |
|
|
81:40 | . So I'm like, okay, I finally used bottom date, um |
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81:45 | get a geometry that looks more like modern forced aggressive system. Right? |
|
|
81:52 | once again in e I used the datum. Maybe I shouldn't date him |
|
|
81:57 | that lower surface. Anyway, so album member shows a very similar |
|
|
82:04 | We have a aggregation of procreation, para sequence set, then we get |
|
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82:12 | , then we get a valley fill we get appropriation with a bit of |
|
|
82:17 | . Eventually we transgressed across the whole and we preserve some of the alluvial |
|
|
82:22 | , but we strip a little bit the top off. Now, in |
|
|
82:26 | morning's class, I talked about much widespread erosion and much less top set |
|
|
82:31 | . Right? So this system has of sort of an intermediate level of |
|
|
82:36 | set preservation. When we come back week, I'll talk about the fair |
|
|
82:39 | which has a lot of talks at . And so what we see is |
|
|
82:45 | exactly the same general stacking of Klan and paris sequences, despite the fact |
|
|
82:51 | one's river dominated ones wave dominated. . And of course, the sequence |
|
|
83:00 | at the base of the valley goes the low stand delta. And this |
|
|
83:06 | what John Van Wagner suggested in Just as an interesting aside when I |
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83:13 | this figure In a paper, I in 1993, that's in your reading |
|
|
83:20 | guy at Exxon reviewed it, who know quite well. He's a good |
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83:23 | of mine and he insisted that I the sequence boundary on top of the |
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|
83:28 | . I'm like why would you do ? I've got a big river, |
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|
83:31 | got this delta. The river feeds . Right? He said no it |
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83:35 | on top. Then you got a that feeds nothing and adults that's not |
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83:39 | by anything. That makes no And alright, that guy ended up |
|
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83:45 | Exxon and going to BP and started me. So I don't know, |
|
|
83:48 | never understood that. John Van Owen , look, the the sequence boundary |
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83:53 | below the delta as a corrosion of . And so I I convinced myself |
|
|
83:58 | the sequence grounding was that big slug sandstone in the distal position. So |
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|
84:04 | find it for you, just remind what that looks like. That. |
|
|
84:12 | that contact there? Right. The of the base of the low stand |
|
|
84:16 | . Alright. And so we similarly see a similarity of surfaces despite the |
|
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84:27 | in deposition environment and facings the deposition above and below. The sequence boundaries |
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84:33 | hugely different. You know, the boundary in E separates a wave dominated |
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84:38 | from a river dominated delta from a dominated delta. The sequence battery indie |
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84:44 | a wave dominated barry shore face from wave dominated delta. The major paleo |
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84:50 | reorganization occurs across the major flooding not the sequence standards. Okay. |
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84:57 | valley fills show markedly different faces they find upwards and yes, there's mud |
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85:02 | in E. And a lot more in in D. And D. |
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85:06 | more bark probation and more tidal He looks a bit more like a |
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85:11 | dominated valley filled and that's reflected in different architecture. See is more is |
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85:18 | sand filled and D. Although it's because the sea level drop was |
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85:22 | It has a more complex valley Okay, that's it. Okay, |
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85:35 | not going to leave the meeting. . So what I thought we would |
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85:40 | now is um we have how many exercises to go. Thanks. Let's |
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85:54 | a little break. So now you some very detailed instructions. Okay. |
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86:05 | this is an exercise I've been being been giving for many years. You |
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86:11 | , I sometimes go like, you know, I've been doing it |
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86:14 | so many years. How many students seen this before? How many have |
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86:18 | it? But whatever, it's a exercise and I've seen some crazy answers |
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86:26 | I don't get the crazy answers I think because enough people have done |
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86:29 | that there's, you know, and Howard Feldman was doing a a new |
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86:36 | of the S. C. M. Sequence photography book and asked |
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86:40 | he knew I had some exercises and me to contribute. So it's sure |
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86:44 | do that, that. So we've a series of sections, side by |
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86:52 | . And the question is, how you begin? So yes, |
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87:04 | that's a good place. It's a place to start. So let me |
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87:08 | what we have here. So now can barely see this. Oops, |
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87:28 | there's a Yeah, and there's a thing there, there's pinks down |
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88:06 | base, you'll see him better than can. But yeah, you pick |
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88:12 | pinks Ben tonight's and then you correlate and I'm pretty sure that this pink |
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88:31 | that blue. That's kind of a the condensed section. So you can |
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88:35 | out blew through back. Now then you look on top right, you'll |
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88:59 | a pink on top, you see it's not every section, but it's |
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89:10 | of them. So what we've done we we founded the classic wedge, |
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89:44 | , we've got a marker on We've got some markets at the |
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89:47 | Okay. What we can see is a slight thinning of the overall |
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89:51 | not huge And it thins maybe 20% about 20 km now then. And |
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90:04 | lot of this work has been done you, then we can start picking |
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90:21 | sequence boundaries. Okay. And what see is an open course inning and |
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90:30 | flooding surface. A precaution ng and surface upward, coarsening and flooding |
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90:38 | flooding surface, flooding surface, flooding , little flooding surface. Another |
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90:48 | another one, another one, another , another one, another one. |
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91:00 | there when there another one you're gonna a little crazy with these, there's |
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91:18 | some more in here. Sometimes there's real obvious ones and sometimes I marked |
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91:38 | an arrow. Not every single one a lot of them. Sometimes you're |
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91:42 | pretty muddy here. Right? Ah really critical to get your bentonite is |
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91:54 | there and tonight there spent the night . I think there's a band tonight |
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92:15 | there. Alright somebody get this bed in a few wells and so there |
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92:21 | a good internal markers that will help decide how to correlate things. Okay |
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92:30 | keep going with flooding surfaces, flooding , flooding surface. Okay so what |
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93:44 | done is what you're doing you're well which is picking every little top of |
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93:48 | up for questioning faces, succession that can see. Okay now what's your |
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94:09 | ? I'll give you some rules. And that's what we're doing now. |
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94:24 | so we've done that. We picked flooding surface position. Okay. No |
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94:38 | instructions on the actual assignment. Yeah are all good points too. I've |
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94:44 | you the data you know the sections roughly a kilometer apart. Right? |
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94:54 | . Okay. So that means quantum the right and you're going to decide |
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94:57 | aggressive you declined to form form Right? So if there's anything here |
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95:02 | think correlates anything you think looks obvious oh that clearly those parachutes Corley sure |
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95:12 | made. Thanks for coming. Well those are done right now. I'm |
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95:17 | about the black flooding so I've got bunch of black flooding surfaces there. |
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95:20 | correlates with what now you're gonna start them up. Right? I'll |
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95:33 | I'll do one. Okay. I at this and I go like, |
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95:35 | know, that's got to be that that's got to be that dropped it |
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95:43 | to the right. I've got one done right without anybody. Got like |
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95:48 | walk up and point and tell yeah, I think that connects with |
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95:56 | . Yeah. Which? Yes. . So you want to have that |
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96:12 | that right? We'll have that to and that to that. No, |
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96:24 | not going to do that. go ahead. I'll give you that |
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96:47 | . These two hit the funds. . And that probably means, |
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96:55 | let's leave it there. Something Second. This one. Yeah. |
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97:16 | still not help. Oh yes. as that. But then what about |
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97:22 | lower ones? Are you going to that out? Okay. Let's just |
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97:38 | I do this. Okay. Shouldn't be happy? Let's just say I |
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97:47 | that. Now what do I do that black thing in the middle? |
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97:53 | do we do with this? according to that to that. |
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98:17 | Up to this 1? Probably. . I can connect that one to |
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98:21 | . Right. I can't connect that to that. What do I do |
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98:27 | this? Yeah. And then it up to the defendant's dipping in the |
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98:34 | direction. You're not allowed to do . I'm not allowing you to do |
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98:55 | . You can top lap it right that for that most wonderful. |
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99:42 | That's true. Well, you you can have down stepping, you |
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99:47 | top lap, right? So you have things peeling out, Right? |
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99:50 | what we keep saying. Right, sequence peeling out. Do this. |
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100:01 | , So here, okay, so at the band tonight, right? |
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100:07 | want your correlations to at least parallel bent. Tonight's you don't do that |
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100:12 | that goes uphill, Right? So not do that. So, if |
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100:22 | say, okay, I think that down there and that correlates down there |
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100:30 | that correlates down there and then how hell do these? And then let's |
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100:35 | that correlates with that there. You no choice. You gotta you gotta |
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100:40 | lap, he's right, there's the will shoes on that. The criticism |
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100:56 | and we'll put a shot sam here you can kind of bring back into |
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101:15 | . You see how we're building the , keep things dipping to the |
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101:21 | okay, you got some chronic forms . You know, once you get |
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101:26 | sands in again, I look for like here here, it's a big |
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101:29 | , continuous sound. Sorry, that's base. It's hard to draw this |
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101:36 | , you know, here, it's continuous sand, then it's mostly sand |
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101:40 | a bit of a shale, then three separate sounds. So what's happened |
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101:44 | the sounds of breaking up becoming share sequence. Right? That's the faces |
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101:48 | , right, that some cases you've no sand here and thick sands |
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101:54 | Right? So ah, maybe that this and then there's a little forced |
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102:03 | sound that comes sticks out. Maybe goes down here somewhere here again, |
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102:11 | , there's a thick sand here. the base of the sand, |
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102:16 | That's gone. There's your sam. does that go here? Maybe that |
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102:21 | into here. Right. So that be a little forced regressive sound coming |
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102:28 | and then, and then you can of warm your way up through |
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102:31 | Maybe it pops up there, You're getting some sand and you get |
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102:36 | shale bypass and Sancho. You've got little forced aggressions in a few places |
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102:50 | . Everybody gets it. So this something you definitely want to work on |
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102:55 | Wednesday? Yeah. This is going be duped after the exam. |
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102:59 | We agreed to have this, do we say friday. What Day is |
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103:03 | 13th? Yeah. Just emailed to on the 13th. Okay. And |
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103:12 | only thing I'll do is I will with with Bill and just ask him |
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103:16 | Don asked him what the ultimate deadlines right now. This, this could |
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103:23 | this anyway. It's going to look like that. That's part one. |
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104:04 | . Are you reasonably happy enough with explanation of the gist of doing the |
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104:08 | correlations. Okay, Okay. We'll a little stretch break, good stretch |
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104:15 | me. Yeah. Okay, now got to figure out how to correlate |
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104:23 | channels. Okay. And I have very simple rule. All you have |
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104:29 | do is follow the rule rigorously. . And the rules, right? |
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104:37 | you've got channels mark the base with wiggle, now I'm marking the base |
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104:50 | channel belts. Now there's also a surface here on top of the sandstone |
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105:27 | it parallels to bend tonight. That that's the actual top of |
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105:31 | of the fair information and again, drops down here, huh? Thank |
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105:44 | . The ones that there there's a of static. Yeah. Some of |
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105:58 | are amalgamated. You look for the grain size kick to the right. |
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106:02 | ? Sometimes they're amalgamated. Sometimes they're . Okay. And that's something you |
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106:08 | are going to have to sort of out a little bit. Okay. |
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106:54 | much easier to do with the paper . But anyway, we have to |
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106:58 | with that now, as long as , so what you should try to |
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107:08 | is, so now we know now all we've done is some scours. |
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107:17 | . Now we haven't done the food an apology yet. I got a |
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107:26 | . All right. So next Yeah. Generally in a river besides |
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107:49 | whole filled with some sort of Right? General architectural rivers of china |
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108:01 | . They have a flat top and they rode down to the service. |
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108:06 | , Let's say there's a ford, another chapel and it erodes down. |
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108:11 | right. Going to the show you have deep erosion surface. Okay, |
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108:27 | River coming in another river coming Okay, well, you can have |
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108:32 | channel here. That's the channel Okay, that cuts into channel |
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108:48 | The other channels always have what I've you to do is pick the base |
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108:53 | channels. Now, I'm gonna ask to take the talk of channels and |
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108:59 | figure. Where's the top two And just that arose in surface all |
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109:03 | way. That's all or is it myself? That's okay. So, |
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109:20 | can go in and start drawing drawing tops. Okay. So, would |
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110:23 | like to connect any channels up in case you're probably better off starting with |
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110:30 | youngest channels because they'll cut out the channels. Right? Rather draw the |
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110:33 | channels and they have to race Anybody feel like there's something they want |
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110:38 | suggest, connects up. Yeah. get this. You shouldn't I'm looking |
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111:07 | a top Club wishes this. which one? Okay, so let's |
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111:26 | look at that. Okay, these two, but definitely at the |
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111:31 | strata graphic level. Okay, I'll give you that one. |
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111:36 | Ah this is the pain because you it's just hard to draw on this |
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111:46 | well really. And here, you've a choice. You could connect those |
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112:04 | , right? Or the little display . You could say that's that sandstone |
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112:09 | cuts that out. And that's that there. So, that goes up |
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112:17 | there, then there's a sound stone here that cuts that out. You |
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112:26 | , you might connect those up if want or you could, you |
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112:31 | and that's cutting that out. See I'm doing here, tops are flat |
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114:05 | on your life. Sometimes they amalgamate . This is perfect. You |
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114:09 | it's, it's probably over quality showers here. But that's the basic idea |
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114:14 | over here you can dip them because there's a bit of distortion going on |
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114:19 | for the police. So that's how going to correlate the memory channels. |
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114:24 | how you create. Correlate the marine . Does that make sense? |
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114:49 | Any questions about that so far? . I'm sorry. What what asked |
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115:02 | straight lines for a perfect line for ? Perfect like paper. Okay, |
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115:18 | pointing that just yeah, When you baker like that, I just want |
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115:24 | make sure I know exactly what you're about or do we just more |
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115:32 | Yeah. So that's the that's the of that's the top channel balance and |
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115:38 | the face, right? That's the of the channel about there's a topper |
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115:45 | belt and it's a really So I've got a child that's cutting the |
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115:50 | belt. So where is that coming from here, that's gonna wrote about |
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115:54 | young fellow. So as much as can take the top flat and then |
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116:00 | the dollars in in whatever artistic they to make sure that they perfect for |
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116:05 | irrational scarabs. Right, That makes . Mhm. And again, you |
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116:12 | how it follows the rule in I got flatlined sand stones with undulated |
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116:18 | in an armory part of the And I've got platform units which examines |
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116:22 | base of the marine right dips You see the very different styles of |
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116:27 | of the flu viel versus the shallow faces. Right? And again, |
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116:31 | that was an oil field in a different architecture and the flu vehicle versus |
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116:35 | marine. Right, okay, so got about 15 minutes left. |
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116:51 | So how about I just go through one quickly, quickly. That's exactly |
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116:56 | same exercise. Okay. It's the formation. This is a cross |
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117:02 | It's never been published. I put cross section together and you know, |
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117:08 | it's it should be broadly similar to cross sections to to my cross |
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117:14 | But you won't find this published but you'll find things that look very |
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117:19 | to it. Okay, so step is to pick, there may be |
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117:31 | bench nights here. But anyway, real high gamma kick here, |
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117:36 | You see this? So that's something can I can carry through a lot |
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117:52 | confidence and there's a kick here. I can also carry through. That's |
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118:25 | the data. Now there's also a nice kick here at the top. |
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118:45 | gamma spike. Great data. It's a little bit I'm being very messy |
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118:57 | . I think it's up there, not quite as pronounced. And I've |
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119:10 | I've got a marker on the shelves and to markets in the shells |
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119:15 | Right then I can do the same I did with the pair of |
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119:28 | You can see these nice cautioned upper with the flooding surface on top. |
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119:35 | , okay. Using white is not good idea. Okay, a precaution |
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119:45 | flooding surface. Okay, flooding surface surface. There's a lot of them |
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119:53 | here, flooding surface, flooding flooding surface, floating surface, flooding |
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120:03 | . And you'll see that that it as you you know, you |
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120:07 | you know, you'll you'll see things feel can correlate. I can tell |
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120:11 | that this flooding surface there correlates down , that little flooding surface there Correlates |
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120:19 | that one there that correlates down there eventually these downloads. You've also got |
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120:31 | boxy things in here, some channels find upwards, make sure you keep |
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120:49 | the base of the channels And there's Nice one up there. Okay, |
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120:56 | caution upwards basically, it's it's more less marine above that point, non |
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121:05 | hair. And then marine below. that non marine wedge gets more marine |
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121:10 | you go from proximal to distal. ? So there's almost no non marine |
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121:17 | this. Well, but most of stuff here is coastal plain faces. |
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121:22 | quite a gradual transition use the same , you know, pick your |
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121:29 | pick your cloud forms, picky flooding and drop your marine crisis to the |
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121:36 | . And and some of these units , you can see these upward coarsening |
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121:41 | , you know, those flooding surfaces through pretty good. So you see |
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121:50 | expanding wedge on top of marine a normal in wedge in the middle |
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121:55 | performance at the base, Not quite much detail as the last one. |
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122:03 | I would work on the on the first, that's got all the faces |
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122:08 | and then attack the second. This is a little harder because it's |
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122:13 | well, log data, you're making little bit more guesses. But that's |
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122:17 | you have in the exploration world. you just have well logs right? |
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122:20 | never have data as good as the section you have. Mhm. So |
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122:27 | go ahead and work on these. uh from now until Wednesday. You |
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122:34 | tomorrow monday, Tuesday, all Wednesday. I know you guys have |
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122:39 | to do, but take the time on the wheel diagrams, work on |
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122:45 | the exercises and we'll go through, do a share on Wednesday with whatever |
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122:50 | done, even if you just you know, But even if we |
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122:54 | a little bit of work and everything probably better than trying to get something |
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122:57 | , right? Because get work on and then you'll have questions right? |
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123:01 | opposed to I haven't looked at that , right? Because then you're gonna |
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123:03 | , you're gonna, you know, not going to know if you've got |
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123:06 | . Not right. You want to with the paper, you know, |
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123:11 | up later. That's fine too. find it a little bit easier to |
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123:14 | by hand. It's much quicker than to on the computer a meter. |
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123:18 | you know, I'm pretty good at at looking at messy work and and |
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123:23 | interpreting that assembled to two and which two and 3. Yeah. I |
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123:38 | hand those to me before I go before I go next week. What |
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123:45 | you do today first? Okay. . So I think have you all |
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123:51 | me that you haven't yet? You have. I've got you I |
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123:56 | you. Okay. So um I that. So I would say give |
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124:00 | the lap out exercise next week. like to look at that. I'd |
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124:04 | to look at that on friday. if you can if you can try |
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124:07 | get that done by friday, that'd great. And then the seismic |
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124:13 | we can have the seismic assignment. have the data assignments all due on |
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124:16 | same day. Okay. I think important to get the wheeler diagram done |
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124:20 | there will be a wheel diagram for exam and you need to be, |
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124:24 | need to have at least have done correlations that I've seen even it's not |
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124:28 | graded because there will be correlations on final exam as well. Okay. |
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124:35 | then saturday we'll have the quiz uh uh we'll have two meetings before that |
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124:41 | , so I'll see you guys Wednesday have a good the rest of the |
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5999:59 | |
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