| 00:02 | I don't see anything up here. , this year. What disturbing. |
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| 00:25 | . Uh huh. Okay. All guys, pardon me, Talk about |
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| 00:36 | today and you get two sets of on that. Um, and to |
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| 00:41 | with, let's just talk about what system tells us that we've actually been |
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| 00:46 | up to this for quite a Uh, what we talked about the |
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| 00:51 | area, vegetation, settlement, discharge discharge, soaking accommodation space. Beginning |
|
| 00:58 | see there's a lot of similarities in of these uh settings. In terms |
|
| 01:04 | the variables. When we think about , we can think about the zona |
|
| 01:09 | uh sediment production, uh, zone and deposition on his own deposition. |
|
| 01:19 | , in reality, all of these mixed, but it's it's useful to |
|
| 01:23 | of it as kind of a continual we're gonna be looking at those |
|
| 01:29 | whether those flu bill systems that are uh in trans say they didn't make |
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| 01:36 | out of the blue zone. Uh, we talked about the sorts |
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| 01:41 | ST model. We were really thinking this when we talk about uh |
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| 01:49 | Yeah, stored uh, and in cases stored uh permanently for the purpose |
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| 01:56 | basis. We talked about rivers. you talk about bedrock or alluvial |
|
| 02:02 | Bedrock rivers are those that are Uh, so that's basically going to |
|
| 02:08 | the source. So bedrock rivers are source of the sentence. We're not |
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| 02:15 | to talk about it except to remind that the bedrock river often becomes incised |
|
| 02:23 | , which is then filled and uh, we will talk about valley |
|
| 02:29 | and uh some of them would be to this, what we are interested |
|
| 02:35 | our alluvial rivers where the rivers are cut into and reworking older stream |
|
| 02:42 | Well, mainly extreme deposited material. , so if we look at variables |
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| 02:49 | uh the food morphology, the city lost in England and radius, |
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| 02:56 | that person? And as a single multiple champs. Okay, so for |
|
| 03:02 | load, uh we're looking at percent the relative sustainable. I mean, |
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| 03:14 | median grain size. The power is got the austin more extreme power. |
|
| 03:21 | slope is the sort of the valley stability is mainly a function of clay |
|
| 03:27 | or vegetation. So these are all that are included. Uh We'll talk |
|
| 03:33 | about the lost weight. When we about period hydrology, we usually |
|
| 03:43 | Mm Yeah. We usually classified uh in terms of their plan view. |
|
| 03:51 | simplest view is single channel the most as well. Seeing them all, |
|
| 03:57 | a lot of complexity within that. basically I'm going to focus on |
|
| 04:04 | single operated the Andrew and really, about it straight. Not someone from |
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| 04:11 | to mosey on mitch what our world consist of. This continues. |
|
| 04:17 | When you look at a single rear river can actually go through various |
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| 04:22 | Uh different geographic stages. There's the river, great gentle ready gruber locally |
|
| 04:31 | estimates. So rivers can change down , they can also change with time |
|
| 04:38 | so far what we're looking for are controls that determine what kind of river |
|
| 04:44 | is And what are the constraints for reservoir potential. Mm Now we could |
|
| 04:54 | about suspended mixed in Venlo. The problem is that's hard to reconstructing |
|
| 05:05 | . We talked a little bit about mud rather than margins, but the |
|
| 05:11 | is we don't use these too much respect to ancient groups. But we |
|
| 05:16 | refer to this to some extent. look at modern. Now when we |
|
| 05:22 | at a model, if you look what's called suspended load channels is basically |
|
| 05:30 | suspended, relatively small amounts of So see that with increasing Slow extreme |
|
| 05:40 | Any of those, we began to an increase in 10 mosques because he |
|
| 05:45 | he lawsuits the degree of the Andrea if we get mixed load which are |
|
| 05:52 | common, we still see the same . one of the things that you |
|
| 05:56 | to see is a transition, well all forever to something that's getting a |
|
| 06:04 | more like the greatest trip so that might have a point board and they |
|
| 06:10 | bars until finally we're going to have bridge. So we can actually look |
|
| 06:16 | this experimental and we can see that you have a relatively low flu, |
|
| 06:22 | pretty much a street group when ironically you start to tilt it begins to |
|
| 06:28 | the end, which kind of makes because it's trying to keep the same |
|
| 06:33 | . Yeah but as you increase it on. Yeah it starts to increase |
|
| 06:40 | to break. So this is what felt river metamorphosis where a river can |
|
| 06:46 | , How can it change? Well not by changing its slow but it |
|
| 06:52 | change by changing those other variables. is to say many climatically experienced menlo |
|
| 07:02 | basically our greatest trips. So what change maybe relative about deadlines, You |
|
| 07:12 | seven velocity all those things things that to see this transition right to be |
|
| 07:23 | . The rain just over here check . Yeah relative stability is on to |
|
| 07:40 | . Uh one of the year's top load nominated wow, the minimum begins |
|
| 07:53 | well the sediment increasing, it stays . The only thing I want you |
|
| 07:59 | think about here with that crap is increasing strange power. Especially we can |
|
| 08:09 | a meandering stream to a braided The more we look into it all |
|
| 08:17 | a sudden you begin to get more with the deaf racial changes the size |
|
| 08:23 | the drainage area at some point you forget it. Uh huh. So |
|
| 08:28 | actually not going to be doing a of different models and other than the |
|
| 08:34 | extreme members of graded too man. we've known this for quite a |
|
| 08:43 | Uh If you will give it to discharge you can go from brady to |
|
| 08:49 | end and that the critic potential decrease discharge. Now this is thankful |
|
| 08:58 | this is mean annual discharge um add stuff. It's all saying the same |
|
| 09:06 | , it says muslim, no Yeah, higher, higher discharge breeding |
|
| 09:14 | so this is what you might think some shana forming discharge. Something obviously |
|
| 09:23 | the increased greatly increased singular, we to see this transition, this is |
|
| 09:30 | completely young turned out. Okay, we're again we're going to focus on |
|
| 09:36 | members but the reality is that often you don't know Yeah, in the |
|
| 09:44 | record the extent to which is single . Now I said you can't change |
|
| 09:50 | , you can't actually change a little going through different tectonic settings. You |
|
| 09:58 | change it by well, structural Left my example for the slope is |
|
| 10:09 | , that's the truth sort of. . Right, right. As an |
|
| 10:15 | is slow, so this is a change driven not by discharges that discharges |
|
| 10:21 | same here, but the slope is . I'm not gonna get into this |
|
| 10:27 | to say that you can imagine a where a river is going through an |
|
| 10:34 | . Uh Yes, anything you can how the river might change as if |
|
| 10:43 | and increasing look coming on, which I just leave that there for right |
|
| 10:49 | for you to think about ways in you can change the slope attempted with |
|
| 10:55 | to tectonics. Now, just as is a spectrum of river types and |
|
| 11:00 | not going to deal with. There the spectrum of barbed types and all |
|
| 11:07 | of different ways we can classify I'm basically going to say point bar |
|
| 11:16 | , the channel non attached. I'm not going to deal with that. |
|
| 11:22 | , this isn't to say there are , but the terminology gets born constraint |
|
| 11:28 | is well to deal with. remember when we talked about bounding |
|
| 11:35 | we really would getting into the development . Okay, so we talked about |
|
| 11:43 | there for a short range, the of micro form point Lars migration |
|
| 11:49 | So what we're gonna do is we're to go the next step. We're |
|
| 11:59 | Basically 5th quarter boundaries, which is migration. Well, And then in |
|
| 12:07 | case, 3rd order. So of sorts. Uh, channel |
|
| 12:18 | It's a, to look at Uh, we're going to look at |
|
| 12:24 | elements within different packages. So there's toner, Adelaide creamy. Yeah, |
|
| 12:33 | saying repeating very level sender landed. these are different ways you can describe |
|
| 12:43 | mythology of a particular architectural element that be bounded by some level of |
|
| 12:51 | of some level of boundaries. Service , but here we've got the base |
|
| 12:56 | the challenge is gonna be 1/5 Uh, it's flat or concave up |
|
| 13:02 | , scour. Uh, there may what the flag at the pace and |
|
| 13:07 | going to be filled with a lot stuff. Yeah, ripple sand, |
|
| 13:12 | , semi parallel sand. There's a of bounding surface this weekend Laterally migrating |
|
| 13:21 | uh deposit is one of the things fills the channel and its overlaying about |
|
| 13:28 | 41 in this particular case a macro . Uh in this case in point |
|
| 13:36 | is creating a high angle to the so it was towards us. It's |
|
| 13:41 | great these are going to be maximum would be the thickness of the |
|
| 13:48 | Okay, Typically 2 to 25 m are 5 - 15 groups. Now |
|
| 13:59 | a case like that, here's an Natalie and then for their kids. |
|
| 14:14 | . Yeah. Uh huh of a and then we're going to see various |
|
| 14:29 | . So those are going to be , 3rd, second version. Now |
|
| 14:38 | contrast we've got a downstream market typically niche in migrating in the same |
|
| 14:49 | Can they not the same thing although can they can be small because one |
|
| 14:55 | we find is sometimes t shirts with scripts. A dips are low, |
|
| 15:01 | bar serves social are generally less It. Yeah. Now this would |
|
| 15:11 | an example. I was downstream library one here is the bar surface, |
|
| 15:22 | four cents that you see here. , now grating the same direction is |
|
| 15:28 | bar service. Yeah, there's another of larger scale. So demonstrate by |
|
| 15:36 | book, one of the keys here snap when you look at the discretionary |
|
| 15:44 | , which is to say the water it's a pretty to the rock If |
|
| 15:51 | look at the four cents, they're a lot. So the water direction |
|
| 15:59 | determined by the four cents. The migration is determined by the laundry moment |
|
| 16:07 | typically forcing them sometimes too. So question might be, how would you |
|
| 16:17 | the difference between these and the I sick. It's not just that, |
|
| 16:24 | this is what they look like. then the question is, how would |
|
| 16:28 | tell them apart now again, remember we're doing is we're looking at pieces |
|
| 16:35 | the champ film. We have laminated that might be s h remember I |
|
| 16:41 | like that because uh best for this be sand platform. These are basically |
|
| 16:50 | huh doing that trump stresses on his here. That was treated hardly. |
|
| 17:04 | , here we go. The face the cannon. It was just 17 |
|
| 17:09 | flows the more likely they your fan here are rough. These are more |
|
| 17:17 | to be greeted streams. Uh and a lot of your fans now going |
|
| 17:25 | to our manager string. If you at the velocity of a man in |
|
| 17:31 | cold Cameras closing the 5th 1 and tends to be highly singular. Syria |
|
| 17:43 | . So during low flow, the are she is the following, It's |
|
| 17:49 | to be on the outside of it a flood. It's going to |
|
| 17:56 | it's gonna straighten up. He's going start cutting cross. They have Republican |
|
| 18:03 | . Let's see what that looks like low flow, you typically have the |
|
| 18:11 | , which is cool. There's another and in between is a river. |
|
| 18:18 | the ripple is is basically the place The 7th that's coming down at this |
|
| 18:23 | are Crossing over 10 seconds. You , since it's almost like the accommodation |
|
| 18:31 | there after uh with respect to Okay, you're fools unless and during |
|
| 18:49 | flow it's straight out and you get lot of high velocity bed forms and |
|
| 18:59 | being deposit. Tom on this is park. So that would be |
|
| 19:07 | Yeah. Now meandering shrinks don't just in important time. They had meander |
|
| 19:15 | some period of time. Therefore they riding fishies that are associated with this |
|
| 19:23 | . There is the battery Margaret. are abandoned channels. There are studies |
|
| 19:32 | progress and there are more distant So each of these will have a |
|
| 19:41 | uh set a set of textures and structures. So this is just looking |
|
| 19:49 | little more detail. Um everybody line visionary platforms. Uh okay, I'm |
|
| 19:59 | to focus for this morning. I the early afternoon, Well, this |
|
| 20:05 | basically active channel fill. Okay, stuff that's in yellow here. |
|
| 20:12 | when we do that, we know as the bar hybrids degrees behind a |
|
| 20:22 | , you create succession of sediments and also leaves behind the series. And |
|
| 20:31 | school is basically according successive position of point where I was time. So |
|
| 20:39 | we see this. These are christian bridges here um recording uh history in |
|
| 20:49 | case of the Yukon river. Okay we can talk about the shape of |
|
| 20:57 | based on the radius of the please like school. The competent can also |
|
| 21:08 | about which now we're gonna mention that because when we try to reconstruct Things |
|
| 21:18 | the Big four uh with a focus for reconstructing centered budget, we often |
|
| 21:27 | to reconstruct the paleo hydraulics and to that. We need to know something |
|
| 21:33 | the simple question. No here there's relationship between a wavelength senator this |
|
| 21:43 | So that's good if that's adela It's also good if we can actually |
|
| 21:51 | that. And so the problem is this is something we see in |
|
| 21:57 | Can we see it recorded and The short answer is yes sometimes but |
|
| 22:04 | shape of their, it turns out because not all bars migrate in the |
|
| 22:12 | way. So this bar here is translation and what that means is that |
|
| 22:19 | migrating like this. Mhm. So amplitude is not changing is just changing |
|
| 22:30 | face if you like. Now with , the aptitude is changed. That's |
|
| 22:41 | way it makes one change. That be an example. So here this |
|
| 22:46 | largely experience in reality it's not uncommon have both translation and stage. The |
|
| 22:57 | thing is particularly with yeah expansion at point you're likely to get a neck |
|
| 23:08 | . So here we have a bar growing mainly backstage. Mm Here we |
|
| 23:16 | uh, have a bar growing mainly a christian. I'm sorry by |
|
| 23:30 | Okay, now this in advance translation tend to give you more erosion on |
|
| 23:41 | updraft side of the point bar with of the deposition preserved on the downstream |
|
| 23:49 | . So we're going to see there some variations within the point bar model |
|
| 23:55 | on whether or not its expansion or . Now we use these attempts to |
|
| 24:07 | sediment, water discharge, sediment mainly water discharge. Right? |
|
| 24:13 | on do the meander schools. So can see for example in rivers along |
|
| 24:22 | texas, Louisiana coats there are some pleistocene early Holocene terrorists. And the |
|
| 24:29 | that characterizes these terraces is a much meat meander school grow and greater with |
|
| 24:42 | to, isn't it? Thanks. we can look at these patterns. |
|
| 24:54 | can then look at the relationship with discharge and all the discharge and |
|
| 25:07 | These burgers have much larger discharge. here now This river, this this |
|
| 25:18 | 10-30,000 years ago. Didn't change the . And you so it had to |
|
| 25:25 | climate change gift. So we're looking basically a wet period rocket. Just |
|
| 25:33 | at one river system. Now in particular system there wasn't much Vertical Christian |
|
| 25:42 | five. The modern systems cut down the old but imagine if you had |
|
| 25:50 | appreciate it then we might see a succession of what. So let's wet |
|
| 25:58 | less set. So just as we look at this as a lateral |
|
| 26:04 | you can imagine it's a temple equivalent . So here we have an abandoned |
|
| 26:13 | with the Yukon. Um, it's if you look real carefully actually more |
|
| 26:19 | this, you can delineate a zone has large commander scrolls from those. |
|
| 26:31 | are small. And if you compare with the modern Yukon, it's the |
|
| 26:39 | . So what's happened here here? simply evolved. Okay, this was |
|
| 26:46 | Yukon river 1200 years ago shift. . Rather than had to be completely |
|
| 26:57 | when we talk about devotion over long , there's still some water flowing down |
|
| 27:04 | it's much significantly decreased. So it's misfit under fit. So we get |
|
| 27:15 | bars and the angry but much Now we talked about this with the |
|
| 27:22 | , we will talk about what I what haven't said. Well look at |
|
| 27:27 | like the die but the cozy, talked about the coasting where we said |
|
| 27:35 | little meandering streams where they used to braided scripts. Okay. Um, |
|
| 27:41 | original Coasting River Ready, you abandoned by abortion. Still water flowing |
|
| 27:48 | its just not much songs can be . Now how do you see |
|
| 27:53 | But one of the ways to see . It's so besides that your |
|
| 28:00 | you can look at these areas We can even look at the types |
|
| 28:05 | expansion or expansion or translation. So can actually interpret this time slides just |
|
| 28:14 | we would an air folks. So can begin to predict the types of |
|
| 28:21 | fishes that might be in each of . The other thing is we can |
|
| 28:25 | see them sometimes and help more. it's not just and through in time |
|
| 28:34 | , but we can look at the and exploding shown, can the rock |
|
| 28:43 | . This was an annotated R. . Basically this is every hour. |
|
| 28:52 | , this is a city. We're at various parts of sentiment structures in |
|
| 28:59 | migrated by chance if I were to so change. Yeah, now the |
|
| 29:13 | , discretionary. What we're more interested is the finding of seeing from this |
|
| 29:24 | . I'm gonna say that, In reality the small group of kids |
|
| 29:33 | comes up on. Yeah, so actual flow and the volume isn't exactly |
|
| 29:42 | to the chance to be slightly. , you can see the horses in |
|
| 29:50 | bottom because it's channel eyes. Small stresses, very bottom shear stress this |
|
| 29:56 | week. And so we were expecting of the what is a little more |
|
| 30:07 | but far more important is to protect structure. Mhm. So, and |
|
| 30:16 | of the models get scour, all officers making a crossbar strategy, it's |
|
| 30:23 | little costume but in reality does not . It happens a serious absence, |
|
| 30:32 | of which is for So this is 4th, 3rd overtime moments. So |
|
| 30:39 | of the vertical sequences within that package going to be a little different. |
|
| 30:45 | . Yeah but let's think about general wow study here. Gaza server was |
|
| 30:55 | by ship and the fifth and really . Yeah. Two research organizations that |
|
| 31:04 | much defined deposition models at the time shell and Exxon. Uh And both |
|
| 31:11 | the result of L. S. . S. Coastal studies. And |
|
| 31:16 | were geologists that we're working on Mississippi they really defined what the Mississippi river |
|
| 31:24 | they were hard away by Exxon and . So they began to work on |
|
| 31:29 | animals and shell took man drinks And so this is what they came |
|
| 31:37 | . So what we have species poorly rebels giant we know today Jack. |
|
| 31:50 | they also show you get plenty of . Also works on with a very |
|
| 31:56 | aggregation points on the questions or zone can reference straight constituent kid and I |
|
| 32:11 | like it music including for some of courses and so we saved on |
|
| 32:20 | cutbacks and uh I have suit work the set in the construction business. |
|
| 32:29 | you may remember him still looking for wedding room uh running out the giant's |
|
| 32:36 | . Uh The other thing to point is that they are mental with mud |
|
| 32:43 | but mainly being in the low areas and of course the smart these nipples |
|
| 32:52 | hard drainage pictures. They're not necessarily at the same time as the |
|
| 33:00 | but rather it's the water is re it's ripples and then man did |
|
| 33:06 | That's one of the reasons why you're off in reconstructing and your phone condition |
|
| 33:12 | look at june's and rules because the more easily diverted. Okay, that |
|
| 33:18 | structure, series trough cross, try fight scenes. Now there's a lot |
|
| 33:23 | details we can look at in We've done it, we looked at |
|
| 33:27 | . I will remind you that is applicable but I'm not going to deal |
|
| 33:33 | right now. Uh, this would uh dip view. Mr bean strike |
|
| 33:42 | trough cross stratified dudes. Now as get higher up, you can see |
|
| 33:47 | group that's because the water is coming . So everybody calls. So you |
|
| 33:57 | have to be right. The Can we go higher up? We |
|
| 34:03 | into horizontal. Okay, uh wasn't not horizontal. They're playing can. |
|
| 34:11 | then as you get higher up, problem is that when we get into |
|
| 34:16 | higher up zones, we begin to , well it's not just clear or |
|
| 34:22 | . Trained up flavor. These are packed And so we're beginning to see |
|
| 34:29 | it doesn't just go from all trough all players to all rip or rather |
|
| 34:36 | going to be deposited in packages each which it martin. So we look |
|
| 34:43 | the ripple fishes. We stated strike, strike you there. We |
|
| 34:51 | climbing ripples. We talked about these be old friends. Oh, except |
|
| 34:57 | say just a reminder here is a being great. So come on back |
|
| 35:08 | this set unless I hear to hear the first order about this is my |
|
| 35:18 | can't do that. Uh this will mine so that the second order public |
|
| 35:26 | and this is the third. So got one pack following up strikes |
|
| 35:35 | You can see the bill trials trump . Now the mother is the part |
|
| 35:42 | can be pretty thick. Still looking a ring. Not nearly so deprived |
|
| 35:49 | that that crack is on this so a lot of money. The problem |
|
| 35:54 | it's usually ripped up in the next at least lower down as you get |
|
| 36:00 | up that mud is sicker, it will form a layer that's going to |
|
| 36:06 | least partially segment reservoir. So higher we get sicker. Lower down there |
|
| 36:15 | be some blood that's ripped up. what we typically see the face of |
|
| 36:19 | flooding is is mud class. So go back to hear what people |
|
| 36:27 | Well this is kind of what you say oh gravels. Uh huh parallel |
|
| 36:38 | and that's not what you get. a better representation of something like this |
|
| 36:46 | each of these packages. He's the part. Now the implication is that |
|
| 37:01 | boundary between let's say mhm. When dribble all these occurred more or less |
|
| 37:14 | same place. Thank you. Uh that's not the case because in reality |
|
| 37:21 | transitions varied a lot with the nation depending on how fast it rises, |
|
| 37:28 | variable it rises and fall. Get sorts of transition. Yeah, one |
|
| 37:33 | which is what's up here, the and planner trip. But we |
|
| 37:41 | Yes. The plane we would be there. You know, I get |
|
| 37:46 | down here. So each flood is . Are these potentially? And so |
|
| 37:53 | this is the because this diagram future shows you some of the variability of |
|
| 38:05 | float the past. And of course giving us our meanders scrolls and it's |
|
| 38:16 | us with any vertical sequence. More less signs of secrets. But it |
|
| 38:24 | phenomenal trump monetary is Now here again a good example of how we tell |
|
| 38:38 | approved uh laterally creating bands or This is the wall space the floater |
|
| 38:49 | . Is that a high end? going to be a little curve because |
|
| 38:55 | , your book. So compared this . Our surface cost gratification with the |
|
| 39:07 | and you get a better sense of you um determined uh lateral immigration versus |
|
| 39:18 | . Now, if we look at point guard, we can subdivide it |
|
| 39:26 | this act. The basin is front in order chance. The dead here |
|
| 39:34 | not your third. This is the marker and we can see that. |
|
| 39:42 | maybe it isn't care. Nice. huh. But when I first start |
|
| 39:49 | teaching this course we couldn't see this . But as we developed our high |
|
| 39:59 | especially we're beginning to see a lot the Gt you good. Now within |
|
| 40:08 | bad impression we have two situations. why I kept saying for one is |
|
| 40:17 | four package blood package like that. so that is sugar and basically |
|
| 40:32 | Triangle here against more competent to come and it's not bar form but on |
|
| 40:44 | of the bar we got dudes that migrating with each plot. So that's |
|
| 40:50 | to give us fourth quarter 30. , here sort of burgers a little |
|
| 41:00 | more later. That's the main difference with uniforms and without it's simple operating |
|
| 41:09 | . Any more complex problem. So we got the tender hearted 79 years |
|
| 41:20 | 97. Yeah. Different people use terms laterally a greeting package. That's |
|
| 41:27 | term actually used for me. Angry that said there. What I'd rather |
|
| 41:39 | you think about? Yes. Now put the general return knowledge. |
|
| 41:50 | So here's our matter of language. hmm. This bar surface. This |
|
| 41:58 | you. That is referred to as cross train. There was a debt |
|
| 42:10 | try to classify across bidding using greek very quickly was thrown out except for |
|
| 42:19 | customer. And that's a really useful of describing the creating surface Of the |
|
| 42:26 | four. So I will use that And just know that it's the 34th |
|
| 42:34 | and it could be downstream of greeting can be laterally. Now here we've |
|
| 42:42 | that work on a second, an of several passes. And if you |
|
| 42:48 | about it, The number of floods to migrate one river whip, it's |
|
| 42:57 | be a number. It took three and this is a complete with |
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| 43:06 | Uh huh And back to so the of the said a little less |
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| 43:17 | Uh huh. So let's look up . This is three of those |
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| 43:23 | Okay, clearly took more grand Yes. Uh huh. River to |
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| 43:35 | You might have 20 of these funny thing happened. So let's look |
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| 43:42 | each of these is recording a flood on the upper part. Uh the |
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| 43:49 | bob Well when we do it, first thing we do is we draw |
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| 43:54 | automatic services and then we look at type of structure later to ripple, |
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| 44:05 | we can draw a second order, gonna be the player versus crippled |
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| 44:13 | And then in here we didn't go , First of all that Oh what |
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| 44:24 | , what? Mhm. Now in they upper part of this founding surface |
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| 44:35 | more clay rich and so it tends be a little more cohesive. So |
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| 44:42 | it weathers you tend to have more , more forests playing of sands, |
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| 44:52 | back further than the rift sands. , so when the short, |
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| 45:01 | uh basically base what player ripple the . That's so this is the way |
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| 45:17 | describe is flooded and also emphasizing the that just as this is weathering definitely |
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| 45:28 | . So do will the flow be ? These are so baffles. These |
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| 45:34 | from congress. Yeah. Now there's lot of variation. Is that what |
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| 45:42 | might get? Very, very uh , Have the ground because these are |
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| 45:48 | spying on looking very a little bit 40 points. Um, and they |
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| 45:55 | deposition, waning flow kids. Uh . And a study that one of |
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| 46:04 | students did. She looked at some deposits and uh, she saw that |
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| 46:11 | the downstream side of the bar you finding up. But when you got |
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| 46:18 | upstream bar, we had courses in . So there's going to be some |
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| 46:26 | bar variability with the upstream portion of bar typically being corsa grains has more |
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| 46:38 | for recording upstream. I'm sorry, upward deposition. And we see also |
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| 46:45 | tends to be let's completely preserved more that later. So here's some of |
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| 46:54 | Alright, well, appreciate it. looking at. Yeah. And I |
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| 46:58 | you can clearly see, I think uh within this, a lot of |
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| 47:05 | station. So, so clearly this not in front, but you can |
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| 47:13 | see, wow, exploring salt how let me explain what public, if |
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| 47:28 | look at magic sanctions, it would be apparent unless you had that view |
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| 47:40 | photographs you how these little channels and these little mud rapes connect this gets |
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| 47:49 | the idea of front of strategic I'm because each of these is a |
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| 47:56 | Mhm particularly open here. They're marked mark as you get further and further |
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| 48:04 | these flood packages get amalgamate. So much harder to distinguish individual flood |
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| 48:15 | Yeah, okay, so let's look this again and think about fact in |
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| 48:22 | of these cases we have something more less looks the same. But but |
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| 48:30 | suppose that you actually had a situation instead of than being the same in |
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| 48:41 | and more or less the same in of duration, You had what's called |
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| 48:46 | fragment .4 and what that is is to be a stream very society. |
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| 48:57 | right little flat on your No. what happens there is you get oppression |
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| 49:08 | a different place on those both mars get times and so we're killing the |
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| 49:14 | . Yeah. And not vice singles but a whole bunch of impact. |
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| 49:24 | this is going to be hard to with maybe the good news. Is |
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| 49:29 | the lack of simplicity may tell you about the hydrology of the river and |
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| 49:37 | headers deity of the residence. So we get into rivers that are more |
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| 49:45 | it. Well, we might expect deviation from the simple world. |
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| 49:53 | simple models makes sense. I mean are a good place to start and |
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| 49:58 | Again we've got our 5th order banning down here. We've got these epsilon |
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| 50:05 | travel, which in this particular case mainly 4 3rd. I will see |
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| 50:14 | our son bars here well and is by levies. Okay, so what |
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| 50:26 | might expect in that coarsening upward sequence something like shower base Gravel to 12 |
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| 50:35 | stratified gravel collateral a Christian, betting our excellent costume, each of which |
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| 50:40 | a flood of deposit. Then as get up into the very top, |
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| 50:47 | a little complicated to get levees and . But in essence we're getting this |
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| 50:55 | car hard to find and what we here these mud wraps. And so |
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| 51:03 | seeing mud rate being preferentially preserved in upper part. Now this is for |
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| 51:09 | mid to downstream, bar upstream is little different. Okay, it's about |
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| 51:15 | , up to here is about the , but then it's more truncate and |
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| 51:24 | that holds. When you have it is a erosion on the upstream |
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| 51:30 | and deposition on the downstream. And a result when you look at these |
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| 51:38 | there you don't see as much of latter, the christian, we tend |
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| 51:44 | get more scour this parts the Yeah, this parts the same. |
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| 51:53 | again, why upstream truncation. this erosion right here. Okay, |
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| 52:03 | there's an interesting field study to show these might different from, let's say |
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| 52:11 | to expansion translation typically occurs where there's that physically eliminate limits the lateral |
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| 52:20 | it's bumping up against something. So than move to the top, it |
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| 52:25 | moves slides along them dr Jack. let's look at this situation here, |
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| 52:32 | in here, this in his size . So this particular river is |
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| 52:40 | it can't migrate much greater than river length because it keeps bumping up against |
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| 52:51 | . So erodes here, deposits That's an incredible young way. Uh |
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| 53:02 | . Now he runs here is Okay, he runs here. But |
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| 53:08 | what happens as that river a grades time it fills that little incised valley |
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| 53:17 | it opens up there are no longer a confined portion so it can migrate |
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| 53:24 | in what you see this expansion and the fishies and the other car includes |
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| 53:35 | upstream face. She's that's largely And the Lord because of the lateral |
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| 53:46 | . Now we talked about the santa real well, so we talked about |
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| 53:54 | flood here and these big lobes are unit bars and if we took a |
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| 54:05 | being this, we see course very to public sales course sand, medium |
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| 54:18 | , fine grained sand etcetera. So is an upstream coarsely or if you |
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| 54:27 | a downstream finding and an up bar . Yeah. With early models there |
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| 54:39 | suggestion that we had these large gravel , they come across true and this |
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| 54:51 | the so called coarse grained point bowler out, but these really are are |
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| 55:03 | unit bars. Now the gravel unit in this case, but in this |
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| 55:09 | they're sent. Mhm Yeah, now of that, these are going to |
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| 55:22 | the compound boards as opposed to the bars compound and that there will be |
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| 55:30 | order package and within it multiple third the packages that are being better. |
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| 55:36 | result in part of the downstream migrating each year. Now, before I |
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| 55:41 | anywhere, let me just explain what scroll bars were, took me a |
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| 55:45 | time to figure that out. Here's bar here, are you these point |
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| 56:02 | are doing this? Well hang on a second. Mhm. Yeah, |
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| 56:13 | uh yeah, here is a I have a hard time for like |
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| 56:38 | . Okay, here's my point. what this point bar here, it's |
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| 56:52 | to come across like this. So got a tail here and ahead |
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| 57:04 | So the point, the scroll this scroll bar is really the tail |
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| 57:15 | of the next bar down in this bar as a scroll bar the next |
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| 57:21 | . It up. So we've got things coming across. Tell me like |
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| 57:29 | um here's one, this will go and become the unit board. |
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| 57:37 | I've got a great picture of, don't have, you just have to |
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| 57:41 | of recognize that the scroll bars are as important as the uniforms but they |
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| 57:49 | in fact the tail end of the here's another invalid universe are present in |
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| 58:02 | types of groups, greatest dreams, streams. Here's one of the greatest |
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| 58:11 | , There's 1 to be. Andrew . These are the unit bars. |
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| 58:15 | are little dunes behind it and it a compound point. So as these |
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| 58:24 | are migrating after each flood they're getting package. Found my 4th order |
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| 58:33 | This particular section here we've got dooms bar. We're gonna do we're gonna |
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| 58:39 | a trench with you. And this that unit bar. You actually extends |
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| 58:47 | about here and look at it. kind of looks like a big |
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| 58:55 | But one of the differences is it to be a little more, is |
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| 58:59 | large, little more linear? It's and as we'll see it's long lived |
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| 59:11 | unit Barnes extend for long distances. when I saw it the first |
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| 59:15 | I just assumed it was a bigger . It makes a difference between because |
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| 59:22 | unit bars scaled with river with not death much longer persists. Mhm. |
|
| 59:31 | here we have a simple unit bar here we have one where the dunes |
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| 59:38 | migrating down it. We see the surfaces. So there's a complexity. |
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| 59:52 | . Uh Then forms here they're all to a unit more on top of |
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| 60:03 | we can have dukes for riches. . Um I just skip this. |
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| 60:10 | here's our downstream migrating bar again. I did have this reverse to it's |
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| 60:16 | there. Uh huh. Excellent. straddle and you can see on this |
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| 60:33 | just have to reverse things. We're at this transition from this. Well |
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| 60:41 | this down here more like this. . And what that is is basically |
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| 60:50 | record rising flow. You get different with different settings. Again, this |
|
| 61:01 | a detail that's In urban 2020 interesting but unless you're going to get more |
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| 61:08 | than you need to for this Uh Just recognize that to go to |
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| 61:14 | for uniforms. Yeah. Now the called coarse grain point bars, the |
|
| 61:19 | part often have a shoot in Here's that lobe. Okay so we |
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| 61:31 | have a lower bar finding upwards and it can actually be coursing upwards |
|
| 61:39 | So I look something like this. when you read shoot modified point bar |
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| 61:47 | coarse grained meander system. Think also uh unit lunch. That's something like |
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| 61:58 | . Um Here's the shoot fill in upper car and here's the shoot bar |
|
| 62:09 | unit more. And notice how finds courses and finds again. Okay, |
|
| 62:18 | would be basically something like this or . What we see here, it's |
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| 62:28 | that she uniform coming like this. . The inner bark can actually occur |
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| 62:39 | one of different places. Mhm. upstream part for the downstream part, |
|
| 62:52 | is a variation we're still trying to to understand the sense of predicting we |
|
| 63:03 | it when we see it and it's a good reservoir but in the answering |
|
| 63:09 | it's not always clear where and when will occur. Now when we talk |
|
| 63:19 | trying to see it in the rock , there are several things that we |
|
| 63:24 | focus on. I tend to focus I'm looking for the base of a |
|
| 63:31 | 5th order about service. And when get multiple 5th order bounding surfaces they |
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| 63:38 | which referred to as a single story the spell book or eli online. |
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| 63:46 | whether you're british and those channel stories accrete into channel belts within the channel |
|
| 63:56 | we tend to have finding apples and proportion of sand and mud. The |
|
| 64:05 | gross net the grocery can be highly depending on how these channel belts have |
|
| 64:14 | up. If you're dealing with continuous especially you can pretty much reconstruct the |
|
| 64:21 | chance. Not so easy with core actually not that hard with in some |
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| 64:33 | precisely if because there's so much erosion on. You often preferentially preserve the |
|
| 64:44 | part of the the system when you're part of the stories were preferences. |
|
| 64:53 | . So you kind of look at these things might be preserved. |
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| 65:01 | You want to start maybe no laterally creative genius. You were the basis |
|
| 65:11 | . And so because they build that scoring is the channel. Now this |
|
| 65:22 | can of war. Uh they made save a story. So it could |
|
| 65:31 | most of the reallocation but it did verdict we might see a transition well |
|
| 65:41 | narrow to watch is it feels in . Also as we have societies in |
|
| 65:50 | fashion. You can get a lot superposition. It can be strongly vertically |
|
| 65:59 | leaked emails and they go higher and . Yeah. So love would maybe |
|
| 66:09 | look like and off something like Uh huh. Here is a sorry |
|
| 66:19 | . Yes, you're going down with basis. Here's one we can see |
|
| 66:32 | notice these little re entrance here usually grapes and now here what we have |
|
| 66:39 | still not independent shops. Two types like bombing the upper kind of |
|
| 66:51 | Mhm For deposits you need to change . We don't want that most of |
|
| 66:59 | front brakes. So we really have different kinds of lights That we need |
|
| 67:04 | Felix flood basin. Brandon channel in little flood deposits. The challenge can |
|
| 67:14 | buried there. Mhm Yeah. They can become possible. Each of |
|
| 67:22 | is a story. No preferential preservation the Lord our fish. So but |
|
| 67:36 | it can be very almost homogeneous. been a laterally mountain. We sometimes |
|
| 67:44 | of this as a sheet sand without that wasn't deposit is she? It |
|
| 67:51 | ties bilateral migration, staying in the place without water separation. Well, |
|
| 68:00 | same thing here you can see and that's going on sometimes separated once, |
|
| 68:11 | not. It's again mostly store stop of these little positions. There's a |
|
| 68:33 | station or perform can Okay yeah, we go basically important foreign policy over |
|
| 68:51 | explains. Yeah. Here we have upwards of a single channel. This |
|
| 69:01 | be a protest. Here we have channel. This one I like. |
|
| 69:13 | the base of the channel 5th order service here, the ε for |
|
| 69:21 | And there's the abandoned jumps up. we forget is how much fantastic is |
|
| 69:32 | that channel fill even though you can thickness. Is this compacting with? |
|
| 69:40 | you get this kind of version? remains hard, half the french |
|
| 69:48 | Not because sediment draping but rather differential . Yeah. And the last thing |
|
| 69:56 | showing this is it when we look some of the Downstream fish counts and |
|
| 70:03 | . Mhm. And you're an opportunity . But this is one of the |
|
| 70:11 | until mm that we get occasionally really flow regime influence politics. If you |
|
| 70:22 | at this without going to Florence, be perfectly reasonable to say. |
|
| 70:32 | So from one subject then you look the big picture, Okay, I'm |
|
| 70:41 | take a break here. It's about hour. Okay, so let's take |
|
| 70:46 | 10 minute break and then we'll finish on |
|
