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00:05 | I good. Yes, folks, to the end. All right. |
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00:48 | we uh got a couple of diseases do and then uh that will finish |
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00:53 | up. So, um um so remember backward quiz opens tomorrow through |
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01:08 | Uh and it'll cover 23 through Uh a little more comprehensive. Um |
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01:14 | smart thing to do May 1st and to Monday, Tuesday and then that |
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01:20 | wrap that up. Um I'll um , also uh evaluation. So remember |
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01:29 | do that. It's worth half a to your um grade and um uh |
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01:37 | end of Tuesday will be open. remember that. Uh Obviously I don't |
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01:44 | what anybody writes, but I do a list of uh who completed it |
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01:50 | that's, that's all I see. . So um what else? Uh |
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01:58 | , there's no formal office hours next . Uh But, but if you |
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02:04 | stop by just, just email at time, we'll figure out a time |
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02:09 | that you wanna meet. That's Ok. And um so um what |
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02:17 | ? Um I'll send an email as all get next week a couple of |
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02:21 | just to bring up some things, reminders, that kind of thing. |
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02:26 | , um, and especially as we to final grades, there's be questions |
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02:30 | that. So I have an email will address that. So, |
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02:34 | anyway, uh, those, the things, uh, anybody, any |
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02:39 | concerns this. Ok. So, , one thing I found out I |
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02:44 | going through some notes that I had and I found out I used to |
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02:48 | this at the end of the I didn't do it last, last |
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02:51 | , I don't think. But, , just for my year. Iron |
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02:56 | . Ok. See if you recognize person. Ok. That look |
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03:03 | look like somebody. Uh, it's me. Ok. Oh, I've |
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03:09 | mistaken for this person and have had bought for me because they thought I |
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03:12 | this person. Um, he is Thornton. Don't know him. I |
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03:18 | recommend that show. So, if wanna be something that's a good, |
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03:21 | a good show. He plays a . But, um, the, |
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03:27 | , I found it very weird watching show because I thought I was looking |
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03:30 | myself the whole time in the, the scenes. It was very |
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03:35 | Um, I never had something that, that, that's pretty good |
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03:40 | . At least it was a few ago. Maybe not so much |
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03:42 | But anyway, like I said, our own amusement. So let's |
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03:47 | so a couple of things. So remember, I know you've heard this |
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03:51 | million times by now in the last weeks. But the, the uh |
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03:55 | this material, right, the shepherd of pathogens, diseases and symptoms and |
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04:02 | of disease and this and that and other, right? So, collecting |
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04:05 | that information, um I think is done, you know, so in |
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04:10 | format here, which I've shown you a number of times. So uh |
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04:14 | it's all up to you, but would recommend doing something like this at |
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04:18 | to organize it because um and then can kind of see on the |
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04:22 | OK. OK. These are kind what's similar between these types and these |
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04:25 | talks and producers, these are intracellular . And so, um anyway, |
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04:32 | think that might be a convenient way do it. Uh And so what |
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04:37 | know of course is listed here. so, um and again, we're |
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04:43 | and everything is a gram stain, ? Because some of these things are |
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04:46 | , some are zones, doesn't So uh kind of the um basic |
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04:52 | here. So um let's, so are you starting here? So start |
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04:59 | listeria. So, listeria and rabies our two last diseases. OK. |
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05:07 | , so speaking of, you kind of unique features for patterns. |
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05:11 | with listeria grows at four degrees, something we haven't seen before, |
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05:18 | Um will will grow substantial growth at degrees, not quickly, but it |
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05:23 | increase in numbers. Um intracellular It's also one of those facultative intracellular |
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05:31 | . Um, and so how do catch the listeriosis is a disease? |
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05:38 | . So you find it on, , processes, uh, things like |
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05:46 | , your deli meats or turkey ham, salami cheese, um, |
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05:55 | , um, raw vegetables. You'll find it there. It's a |
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06:00 | organism. It's widespread in nature. , the listeria organism, uh, |
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06:05 | water. You find it in various both inland and on sea or uh |
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06:10 | water. Um, so it's pretty distributed which I it's um for |
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06:19 | but about the physiology of one of short bloods, um it's motile um |
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06:31 | nature. So where it lives, usually gonna be kind of more moderate |
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06:36 | , of course, in the Um 37 degrees, it actually loses |
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06:41 | a jello. Ok. But it can move because it has that the |
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06:48 | uh movement that we saw before. . So, so in terms |
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06:54 | so it's a food born, food illness. Ok. Catch it |
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06:57 | through contaminated food. And very likely all uh had it knowingly or unknowingly |
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07:06 | for most of us with healthy um systems, healthy, average or healthy |
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07:12 | is either asymptomatic, no symptoms at . Any flu like symptoms, mild |
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07:17 | like symptoms, maybe in some gastrointestinal upset again, all mild. |
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07:24 | . Nothing serious. Um But uh those in which you may be |
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07:31 | But the other thing here is the women, if you're pregnant you should |
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07:38 | be eating these kinds of foods at during your pregnancy. Ok? Because |
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07:42 | can not affect you the mother but unborn child. So the the organism |
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07:48 | cross the placental barrier, can, infect the, the fetus. And |
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07:52 | is a um it's not the number cause of still birds or babies that |
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07:59 | die during birth, but it is there, it's significant. So if |
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08:05 | are or do become pregnant, kind refrain community food, um you |
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08:11 | you can get um because it can refrigeration temperature uh that presents an issue |
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08:21 | with these kinds of foods, We keep it in our fridge uh |
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08:25 | drawer, right? And maybe it they're too long, you know, |
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08:29 | , maybe three weeks, four right? And, and that's where |
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08:32 | can get a, a good number these on the food itself when you |
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08:36 | it. Ok. Um So this here, so it, it can |
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08:42 | progress to beyond just kind of a uh if that much mild disease to |
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08:50 | substantial, if it gets in your , which it would if it's food |
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08:54 | , of course. But then it can um because of its, |
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08:57 | mode um being invasive, you can into your cross cross the intestinal |
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09:04 | get into your blood lymphatic system and spread, ok. And can end |
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09:10 | in your central nervous system or it cause a type of meningitis. |
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09:14 | meningitis versus what this thing is OK. Meningoencephalitis. Ok. So |
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09:25 | there is a distinction. Um men is information of those membranes that we |
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09:32 | about earlier membranes that cover your. . Um encephalitis is inflammation of the |
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09:43 | itself. So obviously, quite So, um so it's unusual |
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09:48 | in an organism that cos of anis it has this additional kind of |
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09:54 | And obviously, that's, that's very if it comes to that. Um |
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10:01 | , but again, connect to o , but certainly among pregnant women. |
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10:08 | . So again, affecting the so be careful with that. |
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10:13 | um the uh so uh is there number of strains in this group? |
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10:27 | a number of factors as you might , uh again, among those are |
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10:32 | um ability to invade uh invasions, acting rockets here. So they, |
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10:39 | they lose the flagellum at 37 but they can still move because they |
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10:43 | the ability to do this, Which can move them through the cell |
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10:48 | through other cells and even um out the intestinal wall out into blood and |
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10:57 | and OK, which will give you worst of the effects of the |
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11:02 | Ok. Um But uh like I , healthy people, it's usually |
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11:07 | your T cells that kind of respond quickly and, and take care of |
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11:12 | . Um They because they're in the , right? Remember in this vesicle |
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11:20 | , it could fuse with a right? And that can lead to |
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11:28 | destruction, they fuse together and you the digestion of the organism, but |
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11:32 | has a kind of hemolysin, it's called Listeria lyin, I think, |
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11:38 | something like that. Um But it, it, it uh allows |
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11:41 | to kind of break out of the and then move around. Ok. |
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11:47 | It has other things. So like fossil light base is a enzyme that |
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11:52 | lice cells, a prote. So course, destroy protein. So it |
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11:56 | a number of factors. But really one of the unique features is the |
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12:02 | . Ok? And so you can here, this is a little less |
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12:06 | 10 of the fourth, ok. we're going up pretty much the |
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12:14 | four logs that is significant, grow granted, it takes about three weeks |
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12:20 | get there, ok? But a in your fridge that may have a |
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12:25 | on it, that, that's substantial in two or three more weeks. |
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12:29 | . So, um now, even minus 20 right, it's not, |
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12:36 | still viable because those numbers aren't some of them aren't going down, |
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12:41 | staying stable so they can remain viable 20 for he's here almost 12 |
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12:49 | So, um so again, it be, it can pose a, |
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12:55 | threat. And so, but you know, again, because of |
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13:01 | healthy immune systems, it's not not gonna affect this much. |
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13:05 | you know, again, being the compromised immune system or, you |
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13:09 | pregnant mother should be aware of So the um so in terms of |
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13:17 | of the story, there's probably about or 3000 cases a year uh due |
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13:22 | food poisoning. Um it's, I it's number, number three, in |
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13:27 | of the cause of food poisoning, in two are like, I think |
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13:32 | and uh e coli. Ok. , um so yeah, there's, |
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13:37 | outbreaks here and there uh every once a while. Um what else is |
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13:44 | ? Let's see, I think. yeah, kind of the progress of |
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13:48 | here. Ok. So um contaminated gets into your gut, right? |
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13:54 | this is where it will for most us, most of us where it |
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13:58 | , doesn't go any further, but could spread lymphnode blood vessels um then |
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14:04 | septic, of course, and then either into the brain where you get |
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14:10 | meningitis, right? Or affecting a mother, affecting the newborn. |
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14:17 | So uh the, you know, , yeah, Listeria outbreak may be |
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14:25 | with maybe not, but about 10 ago was uh Bluebell, Bluebell ice |
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14:29 | up in uh Brenham had the ster fatalities resulted from people eating contaminated ice |
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14:37 | . Um traced to the uh vessel think that so um the vessel that |
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14:46 | the made ice cream that was then and packaged. That apparatus is what |
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14:51 | contaminated and not cleaned well enough. so that's sort of Listeria. |
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14:58 | you know, if you're, if a ice cream manufacturer, you operate |
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15:01 | cold temperatures and you have an organism can live survive a cold temps. |
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15:05 | then, yeah, you better be uh diligent about, um, you |
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15:10 | , disinfecting property, sanitizing, et . Ok. Um So, of |
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15:16 | , for most of us again, poses no problem, right? You |
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15:21 | less than four degrees. Ok? um uh obviously clean and you kind |
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15:28 | raw vegetables and things like that. , uh but, you know, |
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15:33 | , I've said it already a few , you know, pregnant mothers should |
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15:37 | wearing this and avoid these for nine . Uh if not a little longer |
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15:43 | that. Uh So any questions about ? So this is a segue into |
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15:52 | . Ok. Oops. Excuse let me pause that for a |
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15:56 | So, um so in the so I have to qualify that in |
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16:01 | US. That's a different answer. in the US, humans most frequently |
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16:09 | from the bite of a rat, cat, dog, squirrel. |
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16:46 | It can down here. Ok. see. So the answer is it |
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17:15 | actually backs, uh it is dogs when you go worldwide, so worldwide |
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17:23 | it's, it's dogs, but in US, it's actually bass believe it |
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17:26 | not. Um So rabies, of viral, right? Rabies is a |
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17:33 | or a virus. Um on the end in terms of size, um |
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17:38 | shaped, uh virus. And so does cause this inflammation of the brain |
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17:46 | . The encephalitis condition. Ok. , it's, it's if you get |
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17:55 | rabies through a bite, which is it happens. Ok. Will, |
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18:01 | , you've got a really large window seek treatment before anything happens to |
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18:07 | It's a slow progressing the disease, 40 50 days before you gotta worry |
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18:14 | it. Ok? So for that , there's no, no reason to |
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18:19 | to the effects of babies. Unless you do wait, then you're pretty |
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18:25 | gonna be dead. Ok? Because in your central nervous system, your |
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18:29 | system can't respond to it. Uh gonna be fatal and there's only been |
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18:35 | one or two recorded cases where somebody rabies didn't get any treatment and they |
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18:42 | survived. So that's few and far . Ok. So don't count on |
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18:47 | . So, but like I you've got almost a two month window |
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18:50 | get treatment if you're bitten. And what happens is, uh, so |
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18:56 | kind of a scenario. Ok? get a bite and the bite. |
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19:02 | the, the virus is in the of the end and you get a |
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19:08 | and generally they're not in high And so when you get a |
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19:11 | the viruses that enter are low number they begin to multiply in the muscle |
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19:19 | tissue of where the bite injury Ok? And so for that |
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19:25 | it takes a while, it takes 40 50 days before, you |
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19:29 | it then begins to move, so move into peripheral nerves. Ok. |
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19:36 | , um, uh as it does it doesn't really spread uh beyond |
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19:44 | like in the lymphatic system or bloodstream anything like that. And so your |
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19:49 | system cells, right? Or your cells are in, in like your |
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19:54 | system and whatnot. So you don't a really a big immune response, |
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19:59 | , If they get into the Ok. So as we learned, |
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20:04 | of the, the treatment is, know, in this window before they |
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20:07 | to travel, you can give a a vaccine. So normally we're used |
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20:11 | getting a vaccine before, you to prevent a a disease, |
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20:16 | Uh but you, this is so progressing you, the treatment is to |
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20:19 | the vaccine once uh if you've been because it, it will still |
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20:24 | Um You also actually give antibodies That um uh artificially acquired passive |
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20:33 | you give, you give a shot antibodies for take it from a person |
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20:37 | has uh been exposed to it. , um both of those are the |
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20:41 | of the treatments here. But if does begin to get in the peripheral |
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20:46 | , right? Uh And in the nervous system, you begin to experience |
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20:52 | these kind of symptoms, which is weird to me. All right. |
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20:56 | this a fear of water, What would, how would this thing |
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21:02 | you to be, be afraid of . Right. Well, I think |
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21:06 | more the response of. So what is, um, it affects your |
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21:13 | . Let me just make sure I this wrong. It's, um, |
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21:19 | . But so it causes intense spasms the throat. Ok. So you |
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21:26 | to swallow and you get these severe . Ok. So, even if |
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21:30 | think about swallowing and knowing it's gonna painful, it's probably that reaction that |
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21:35 | see that you go. Oh, must be afraid of water. So |
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21:38 | kind of, I think what it , it's more so the, the |
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21:40 | , the intense spasms you get and to swallow. Um And I think |
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21:46 | the, because of that saliva begins build up, I think we've all |
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21:50 | the um animals rabbit, they have at the mouth or I think that's |
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21:54 | what contributes to some of that. But regardless, you know, once |
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21:58 | gets in the central nervous system, , then uh then the clock is |
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22:04 | . So it, it really, don't have any chance once it does |
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22:08 | . Ok. Um But as you have several weeks before that, |
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22:16 | . Now the two, the breakdown became furious and paralytic, right? |
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22:21 | typically what you see in dogs, aggressive behavior, snapping, um very |
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22:29 | excited, very easily. Uh The rabies is kind of what you see |
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22:33 | cats. Ok. So that's more a more quiet, subdued animal kind |
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22:39 | just unaware of its surroundings. Um there's really two different responses to this |
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22:45 | this virus. Um Now, the detect this, well, if you |
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22:52 | bit and, and you can't uh uh capture the animal and test it |
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23:00 | if your course, if you you can capture it and it comes |
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23:04 | positive. And obviously, in both those scenarios, you get the |
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23:07 | Um the uh and so what you do, you can test it through |
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23:14 | a viral antigen test. So it I immunological test, right, we |
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23:18 | antibodies to the virus, we can take a sample from the patient and |
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23:21 | if there's a reaction there to to . Uh but you can also uh |
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23:25 | in the tissues of the affected animal bit you and you see these little |
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23:33 | looking things called bodies. And so are uh as a part of the |
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23:39 | life cycle, the virus as we , right, viral proteins are made |
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23:44 | mold and so on. So in process, some of these proteins can |
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23:49 | of clump up and be visible as negri bodies. And these, this |
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23:53 | be in a in a neuron of , and that's kind of a diagnostic |
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23:57 | it as well. OK. Um so again, the treatment pre |
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24:03 | So pre exposure, prophylaxis, So that is so who would um |
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24:11 | the vaccine? OK. So the treatment is you can give not |
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24:17 | the shot of antibodies to rabies, can get the vaccine as well afterwards |
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24:26 | that get vaccinated um are gonna be high risk animal control worker, |
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24:33 | veterinarian, right? Maybe somebody who type person or something that may be |
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24:41 | to animals. So these are the that will, will get the |
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24:46 | Um Now the, I think that , I think there was any questions |
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24:53 | ratings. I think we're gonna do we're gonna look at, we're gonna |
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24:55 | like four questions here that relate uh, you know, different aspects |
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25:00 | chapter 26. So it give me of a feel for things to |
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25:05 | Ok. So let's start with this here. So it's a excuse |
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25:11 | it's a, here's the organism. the particular, oh, goodness, |
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25:17 | the feature fit? Ok. There go. That there. Ok. |
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25:23 | you got 123456 strains. Ok. to let me pause that and to |
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25:31 | any mystery, uh, don't pick , all right, if you have |
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25:36 | it. So one of these is correct is not correctly matched. Come |
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26:25 | here from 10. Let's see, fewest answers were for three. |
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26:47 | three is correct. Let's see, of people picked. Ok. |
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26:54 | the correct answer here is this one's correctly matched. Pseudomembrane is diphtheria. |
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27:02 | read a similar question last time. pseudomembrane, deter pseudomembrane, diptheria. |
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27:10 | look at this one. So reservoirs , which has an environmental reservoir I |
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27:23 | soil. OK. Let's see. right. So uh nice syria |
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28:28 | That's gonna be human reservoir. Trama. That's syphilis. That's also |
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28:34 | reservoir. Babies. Z for zoonotic animals. Um botulism is soil, |
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28:47 | , tetanus soil and listeria is wide water and soil. So it's these |
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28:54 | . OK. Let's see. Um is the end those spores you gonna |
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29:01 | them in soil? OK. Um see. Uh which is not considered |
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29:09 | obligate facultative intracellular pathogen. OK. . So which is not considered an |
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29:25 | or facultative interest path? Yes. . Which one is not, sorry |
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29:37 | this should be a through fa through excuse. OK. Let's cut it |
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29:56 | here. So uh I think the a virus is an intra pathogen. |
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30:39 | . So that is for sure. intro invasive is part of the clue |
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30:44 | . That is one of those um meningitis from I can do the transits |
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30:52 | . So it is it's that listeria as well. We just saw that |
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30:59 | in amoeba can also get in our . So they're all all fit in |
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31:05 | categories or one of the other Um All right, then this will |
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31:14 | the, oh, we got one kind of like the from the head |
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31:18 | this one. OK. So uh is not correctly matched. So |
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31:26 | we got 3456 different strains. five strains, one toxin. |
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32:24 | Calm down true. So, all . So, uh so remember the |
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32:49 | aureus, that's the inox and leaves behind. If you prepare food, |
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32:54 | toxin is left behind. So the uh aren't, aren't causing the |
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32:58 | It's the toxin leave behind. All . So that's, this is |
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33:02 | Uh That's true. Of course. This is true, normal at four |
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33:08 | . Um a theil organism. Uh true. We just saw that. |
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33:15 | so this is the one that's not . So it's that kind of paralysis |
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33:19 | due to botulism. Ok? Uh You get these spasmatic contractions and |
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33:29 | muscle wants to contract, but it , the message isn't getting to |
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33:33 | OK? Um All right. So this should be the easiest question of |
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33:38 | . And the last, OK. having just spent the last three weeks |
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33:44 | about all the bad ones, forget it. OK? As you answer |
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33:49 | , OK? After disease causing the and, and there, there are |
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34:00 | number, there's only one obvious answer . Of course, it's e |
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34:35 | It has to be e only OK. So that is it |
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34:41 | And uh if you have, like said, if you wanna meet |
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34:44 | it's fine. Just email me, send out a couple of emails next |
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34:51 | . So, thank |
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