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00:05 I good. Yes, folks, to the end. All right.

00:48 we uh got a couple of diseases do and then uh that will finish

00:53 up. So, um um so remember backward quiz opens tomorrow through

01:08 Uh and it'll cover 23 through Uh a little more comprehensive. Um

01:14 smart thing to do May 1st and to Monday, Tuesday and then that

01:20 wrap that up. Um I'll um , also uh evaluation. So remember

01:29 do that. It's worth half a to your um grade and um uh

01:37 end of Tuesday will be open. remember that. Uh Obviously I don't

01:44 what anybody writes, but I do a list of uh who completed it

01:50 that's, that's all I see. . So um what else? Uh

01:58 , there's no formal office hours next . Uh But, but if you

02:04 stop by just, just email at time, we'll figure out a time

02:09 that you wanna meet. That's Ok. And um so um what

02:17 ? Um I'll send an email as all get next week a couple of

02:21 just to bring up some things, reminders, that kind of thing.

02:26 , um, and especially as we to final grades, there's be questions

02:30 that. So I have an email will address that. So,

02:34 anyway, uh, those, the things, uh, anybody, any

02:39 concerns this. Ok. So, , one thing I found out I

02:44 going through some notes that I had and I found out I used to

02:48 this at the end of the I didn't do it last, last

02:51 , I don't think. But, , just for my year. Iron

02:56 . Ok. See if you recognize person. Ok. That look

03:03 look like somebody. Uh, it's me. Ok. Oh, I've

03:09 mistaken for this person and have had bought for me because they thought I

03:12 this person. Um, he is Thornton. Don't know him. I

03:18 recommend that show. So, if wanna be something that's a good,

03:21 a good show. He plays a . But, um, the,

03:27 , I found it very weird watching show because I thought I was looking

03:30 myself the whole time in the, the scenes. It was very

03:35 Um, I never had something that, that, that's pretty good

03:40 . At least it was a few ago. Maybe not so much

03:42 But anyway, like I said, our own amusement. So let's

03:47 so a couple of things. So remember, I know you've heard this

03:51 million times by now in the last weeks. But the, the uh

03:55 this material, right, the shepherd of pathogens, diseases and symptoms and

04:02 of disease and this and that and other, right? So, collecting

04:05 that information, um I think is done, you know, so in

04:10 format here, which I've shown you a number of times. So uh

04:14 it's all up to you, but would recommend doing something like this at

04:18 to organize it because um and then can kind of see on the

04:22 OK. OK. These are kind what's similar between these types and these

04:25 talks and producers, these are intracellular . And so, um anyway,

04:32 think that might be a convenient way do it. Uh And so what

04:37 know of course is listed here. so, um and again, we're

04:43 and everything is a gram stain, ? Because some of these things are

04:46 , some are zones, doesn't So uh kind of the um basic

04:52 here. So um let's, so are you starting here? So start

04:59 listeria. So, listeria and rabies our two last diseases. OK.

05:07 , so speaking of, you kind of unique features for patterns.

05:11 with listeria grows at four degrees, something we haven't seen before,

05:18 Um will will grow substantial growth at degrees, not quickly, but it

05:23 increase in numbers. Um intracellular It's also one of those facultative intracellular

05:31 . Um, and so how do catch the listeriosis is a disease?

05:38 . So you find it on, , processes, uh, things like

05:46 , your deli meats or turkey ham, salami cheese, um,

05:55 , um, raw vegetables. You'll find it there. It's a

06:00 organism. It's widespread in nature. , the listeria organism, uh,

06:05 water. You find it in various both inland and on sea or uh

06:10 water. Um, so it's pretty distributed which I it's um for

06:19 but about the physiology of one of short bloods, um it's motile um

06:31 nature. So where it lives, usually gonna be kind of more moderate

06:36 , of course, in the Um 37 degrees, it actually loses

06:41 a jello. Ok. But it can move because it has that the

06:48 uh movement that we saw before. . So, so in terms

06:54 so it's a food born, food illness. Ok. Catch it

06:57 through contaminated food. And very likely all uh had it knowingly or unknowingly

07:06 for most of us with healthy um systems, healthy, average or healthy

07:12 is either asymptomatic, no symptoms at . Any flu like symptoms, mild

07:17 like symptoms, maybe in some gastrointestinal upset again, all mild.

07:24 . Nothing serious. Um But uh those in which you may be

07:31 But the other thing here is the women, if you're pregnant you should

07:38 be eating these kinds of foods at during your pregnancy. Ok? Because

07:42 can not affect you the mother but unborn child. So the the organism

07:48 cross the placental barrier, can, infect the, the fetus. And

07:52 is a um it's not the number cause of still birds or babies that

07:59 die during birth, but it is there, it's significant. So if

08:05 are or do become pregnant, kind refrain community food, um you

08:11 you can get um because it can refrigeration temperature uh that presents an issue

08:21 with these kinds of foods, We keep it in our fridge uh

08:25 drawer, right? And maybe it they're too long, you know,

08:29 , maybe three weeks, four right? And, and that's where

08:32 can get a, a good number these on the food itself when you

08:36 it. Ok. Um So this here, so it, it can

08:42 progress to beyond just kind of a uh if that much mild disease to

08:50 substantial, if it gets in your , which it would if it's food

08:54 , of course. But then it can um because of its,

08:57 mode um being invasive, you can into your cross cross the intestinal

09:04 get into your blood lymphatic system and spread, ok. And can end

09:10 in your central nervous system or it cause a type of meningitis.

09:14 meningitis versus what this thing is OK. Meningoencephalitis. Ok. So

09:25 there is a distinction. Um men is information of those membranes that we

09:32 about earlier membranes that cover your. . Um encephalitis is inflammation of the

09:43 itself. So obviously, quite So, um so it's unusual

09:48 in an organism that cos of anis it has this additional kind of

09:54 And obviously, that's, that's very if it comes to that. Um

10:01 , but again, connect to o , but certainly among pregnant women.

10:08 . So again, affecting the so be careful with that.

10:13 um the uh so uh is there number of strains in this group?

10:27 a number of factors as you might , uh again, among those are

10:32 um ability to invade uh invasions, acting rockets here. So they,

10:39 they lose the flagellum at 37 but they can still move because they

10:43 the ability to do this, Which can move them through the cell

10:48 through other cells and even um out the intestinal wall out into blood and

10:57 and OK, which will give you worst of the effects of the

11:02 Ok. Um But uh like I , healthy people, it's usually

11:07 your T cells that kind of respond quickly and, and take care of

11:12 . Um They because they're in the , right? Remember in this vesicle

11:20 , it could fuse with a right? And that can lead to

11:28 destruction, they fuse together and you the digestion of the organism, but

11:32 has a kind of hemolysin, it's called Listeria lyin, I think,

11:38 something like that. Um But it, it, it uh allows

11:41 to kind of break out of the and then move around. Ok.

11:47 It has other things. So like fossil light base is a enzyme that

11:52 lice cells, a prote. So course, destroy protein. So it

11:56 a number of factors. But really one of the unique features is the

12:02 . Ok? And so you can here, this is a little less

12:06 10 of the fourth, ok. we're going up pretty much the

12:14 four logs that is significant, grow granted, it takes about three weeks

12:20 get there, ok? But a in your fridge that may have a

12:25 on it, that, that's substantial in two or three more weeks.

12:29 . So, um now, even minus 20 right, it's not,

12:36 still viable because those numbers aren't some of them aren't going down,

12:41 staying stable so they can remain viable 20 for he's here almost 12

12:49 So, um so again, it be, it can pose a,

12:55 threat. And so, but you know, again, because of

13:01 healthy immune systems, it's not not gonna affect this much.

13:05 you know, again, being the compromised immune system or, you

13:09 pregnant mother should be aware of So the um so in terms of

13:17 of the story, there's probably about or 3000 cases a year uh due

13:22 food poisoning. Um it's, I it's number, number three, in

13:27 of the cause of food poisoning, in two are like, I think

13:32 and uh e coli. Ok. , um so yeah, there's,

13:37 outbreaks here and there uh every once a while. Um what else is

13:44 ? Let's see, I think. yeah, kind of the progress of

13:48 here. Ok. So um contaminated gets into your gut, right?

13:54 this is where it will for most us, most of us where it

13:58 , doesn't go any further, but could spread lymphnode blood vessels um then

14:04 septic, of course, and then either into the brain where you get

14:10 meningitis, right? Or affecting a mother, affecting the newborn.

14:17 So uh the, you know, , yeah, Listeria outbreak may be

14:25 with maybe not, but about 10 ago was uh Bluebell, Bluebell ice

14:29 up in uh Brenham had the ster fatalities resulted from people eating contaminated ice

14:37 . Um traced to the uh vessel think that so um the vessel that

14:46 the made ice cream that was then and packaged. That apparatus is what

14:51 contaminated and not cleaned well enough. so that's sort of Listeria.

14:58 you know, if you're, if a ice cream manufacturer, you operate

15:01 cold temperatures and you have an organism can live survive a cold temps.

15:05 then, yeah, you better be uh diligent about, um, you

15:10 , disinfecting property, sanitizing, et . Ok. Um So, of

15:16 , for most of us again, poses no problem, right? You

15:21 less than four degrees. Ok? um uh obviously clean and you kind

15:28 raw vegetables and things like that. , uh but, you know,

15:33 , I've said it already a few , you know, pregnant mothers should

15:37 wearing this and avoid these for nine . Uh if not a little longer

15:43 that. Uh So any questions about ? So this is a segue into

15:52 . Ok. Oops. Excuse let me pause that for a

15:56 So, um so in the so I have to qualify that in

16:01 US. That's a different answer. in the US, humans most frequently

16:09 from the bite of a rat, cat, dog, squirrel.

16:46 It can down here. Ok. see. So the answer is it

17:15 actually backs, uh it is dogs when you go worldwide, so worldwide

17:23 it's, it's dogs, but in US, it's actually bass believe it

17:26 not. Um So rabies, of viral, right? Rabies is a

17:33 or a virus. Um on the end in terms of size, um

17:38 shaped, uh virus. And so does cause this inflammation of the brain

17:46 . The encephalitis condition. Ok. , it's, it's if you get

17:55 rabies through a bite, which is it happens. Ok. Will,

18:01 , you've got a really large window seek treatment before anything happens to

18:07 It's a slow progressing the disease, 40 50 days before you gotta worry

18:14 it. Ok? So for that , there's no, no reason to

18:19 to the effects of babies. Unless you do wait, then you're pretty

18:25 gonna be dead. Ok? Because in your central nervous system, your

18:29 system can't respond to it. Uh gonna be fatal and there's only been

18:35 one or two recorded cases where somebody rabies didn't get any treatment and they

18:42 survived. So that's few and far . Ok. So don't count on

18:47 . So, but like I you've got almost a two month window

18:50 get treatment if you're bitten. And what happens is, uh, so

18:56 kind of a scenario. Ok? get a bite and the bite.

19:02 the, the virus is in the of the end and you get a

19:08 and generally they're not in high And so when you get a

19:11 the viruses that enter are low number they begin to multiply in the muscle

19:19 tissue of where the bite injury Ok? And so for that

19:25 it takes a while, it takes 40 50 days before, you

19:29 it then begins to move, so move into peripheral nerves. Ok.

19:36 , um, uh as it does it doesn't really spread uh beyond

19:44 like in the lymphatic system or bloodstream anything like that. And so your

19:49 system cells, right? Or your cells are in, in like your

19:54 system and whatnot. So you don't a really a big immune response,

19:59 , If they get into the Ok. So as we learned,

20:04 of the, the treatment is, know, in this window before they

20:07 to travel, you can give a a vaccine. So normally we're used

20:11 getting a vaccine before, you to prevent a a disease,

20:16 Uh but you, this is so progressing you, the treatment is to

20:19 the vaccine once uh if you've been because it, it will still

20:24 Um You also actually give antibodies That um uh artificially acquired passive

20:33 you give, you give a shot antibodies for take it from a person

20:37 has uh been exposed to it. , um both of those are the

20:41 of the treatments here. But if does begin to get in the peripheral

20:46 , right? Uh And in the nervous system, you begin to experience

20:52 these kind of symptoms, which is weird to me. All right.

20:56 this a fear of water, What would, how would this thing

21:02 you to be, be afraid of . Right. Well, I think

21:06 more the response of. So what is, um, it affects your

21:13 . Let me just make sure I this wrong. It's, um,

21:19 . But so it causes intense spasms the throat. Ok. So you

21:26 to swallow and you get these severe . Ok. So, even if

21:30 think about swallowing and knowing it's gonna painful, it's probably that reaction that

21:35 see that you go. Oh, must be afraid of water. So

21:38 kind of, I think what it , it's more so the, the

21:40 , the intense spasms you get and to swallow. Um And I think

21:46 the, because of that saliva begins build up, I think we've all

21:50 the um animals rabbit, they have at the mouth or I think that's

21:54 what contributes to some of that. But regardless, you know, once

21:58 gets in the central nervous system, , then uh then the clock is

22:04 . So it, it really, don't have any chance once it does

22:08 . Ok. Um But as you have several weeks before that,

22:16 . Now the two, the breakdown became furious and paralytic, right?

22:21 typically what you see in dogs, aggressive behavior, snapping, um very

22:29 excited, very easily. Uh The rabies is kind of what you see

22:33 cats. Ok. So that's more a more quiet, subdued animal kind

22:39 just unaware of its surroundings. Um there's really two different responses to this

22:45 this virus. Um Now, the detect this, well, if you

22:52 bit and, and you can't uh uh capture the animal and test it

23:00 if your course, if you you can capture it and it comes

23:04 positive. And obviously, in both those scenarios, you get the

23:07 Um the uh and so what you do, you can test it through

23:14 a viral antigen test. So it I immunological test, right, we

23:18 antibodies to the virus, we can take a sample from the patient and

23:21 if there's a reaction there to to . Uh but you can also uh

23:25 in the tissues of the affected animal bit you and you see these little

23:33 looking things called bodies. And so are uh as a part of the

23:39 life cycle, the virus as we , right, viral proteins are made

23:44 mold and so on. So in process, some of these proteins can

23:49 of clump up and be visible as negri bodies. And these, this

23:53 be in a in a neuron of , and that's kind of a diagnostic

23:57 it as well. OK. Um so again, the treatment pre

24:03 So pre exposure, prophylaxis, So that is so who would um

24:11 the vaccine? OK. So the treatment is you can give not

24:17 the shot of antibodies to rabies, can get the vaccine as well afterwards

24:26 that get vaccinated um are gonna be high risk animal control worker,

24:33 veterinarian, right? Maybe somebody who type person or something that may be

24:41 to animals. So these are the that will, will get the

24:46 Um Now the, I think that , I think there was any questions

24:53 ratings. I think we're gonna do we're gonna look at, we're gonna

24:55 like four questions here that relate uh, you know, different aspects

25:00 chapter 26. So it give me of a feel for things to

25:05 Ok. So let's start with this here. So it's a excuse

25:11 it's a, here's the organism. the particular, oh, goodness,

25:17 the feature fit? Ok. There go. That there. Ok.

25:23 you got 123456 strains. Ok. to let me pause that and to

25:31 any mystery, uh, don't pick , all right, if you have

25:36 it. So one of these is correct is not correctly matched. Come

26:25 here from 10. Let's see, fewest answers were for three.

26:47 three is correct. Let's see, of people picked. Ok.

26:54 the correct answer here is this one's correctly matched. Pseudomembrane is diphtheria.

27:02 read a similar question last time. pseudomembrane, deter pseudomembrane, diptheria.

27:10 look at this one. So reservoirs , which has an environmental reservoir I

27:23 soil. OK. Let's see. right. So uh nice syria

28:28 That's gonna be human reservoir. Trama. That's syphilis. That's also

28:34 reservoir. Babies. Z for zoonotic animals. Um botulism is soil,

28:47 , tetanus soil and listeria is wide water and soil. So it's these

28:54 . OK. Let's see. Um is the end those spores you gonna

29:01 them in soil? OK. Um see. Uh which is not considered

29:09 obligate facultative intracellular pathogen. OK. . So which is not considered an

29:25 or facultative interest path? Yes. . Which one is not, sorry

29:37 this should be a through fa through excuse. OK. Let's cut it

29:56 here. So uh I think the a virus is an intra pathogen.

30:39 . So that is for sure. intro invasive is part of the clue

30:44 . That is one of those um meningitis from I can do the transits

30:52 . So it is it's that listeria as well. We just saw that

30:59 in amoeba can also get in our . So they're all all fit in

31:05 categories or one of the other Um All right, then this will

31:14 the, oh, we got one kind of like the from the head

31:18 this one. OK. So uh is not correctly matched. So

31:26 we got 3456 different strains. five strains, one toxin.

32:24 Calm down true. So, all . So, uh so remember the

32:49 aureus, that's the inox and leaves behind. If you prepare food,

32:54 toxin is left behind. So the uh aren't, aren't causing the

32:58 It's the toxin leave behind. All . So that's, this is

33:02 Uh That's true. Of course. This is true, normal at four

33:08 . Um a theil organism. Uh true. We just saw that.

33:15 so this is the one that's not . So it's that kind of paralysis

33:19 due to botulism. Ok? Uh You get these spasmatic contractions and

33:29 muscle wants to contract, but it , the message isn't getting to

33:33 OK? Um All right. So this should be the easiest question of

33:38 . And the last, OK. having just spent the last three weeks

33:44 about all the bad ones, forget it. OK? As you answer

33:49 , OK? After disease causing the and, and there, there are

34:00 number, there's only one obvious answer . Of course, it's e

34:35 It has to be e only OK. So that is it

34:41 And uh if you have, like said, if you wanna meet

34:44 it's fine. Just email me, send out a couple of emails next

34:51 . So, thank

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