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GEOL6380 - Sequence Stratigraphy - Bhatta-6
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01:24 is everybody back or not? Singer faces? So I'm guessing people skills
01:31 is being recorded. Okay, everyone see the slides. Okay, today
03:09 reason my my own picture is very . Hopefully you're not having problems on
03:18 end seeing the slides. So this is gonna be an overview of the
03:28 sort of the history off sequenced photography . We'll talk about some of the
03:37 original pioneers in sequence photography. We'll about sort of some of the problems
03:46 those trigger fee and some of the that sequence photography solved in terms of
03:53 we understand time and photography and And so we will talk about the
04:02 are all American geologists Amadeus for about Burrell, Eliot Blackwelder. And of
04:09 , we talked about Larry sloths a bit yesterday and avenues for About wrote
04:17 important paper called Principles of Sedimentary We're gonna be talking about blackout
04:25 In the next lecture, we get seismic particular. Joseph Burrell was very
04:32 in the concept of base level and duration of time marked by contact between
04:42 layers. And Eliot Blackwelder was the person to recognize that there were unconfirmed
04:49 units that defined the strategic griffey of North American content. So bad was
05:02 American sugar for already authority on the of China. Worked at M.
05:07 . T. From 18 19 to 97 that went to Wrestle Polytechnic in
05:14 York State and ended up working in on, He sort of invented this
05:23 off sedimentary overlap relationships with a focus examples from North America. So here's
05:31 example of one of his cross sections his papers. This is the Arbuckle
05:38 , which crops out just north of , where I used to teach.
05:45 , the are but a limestone, is a pizzo. Kuna is overland
05:50 the Simpson limestone on this separated by same Peter sandstone. So the lower
05:58 he's got a so so this is cross section of the strategic griffey.
06:03 left word the pretty camera old show the granite symbol. And, of
06:11 , the brick pattern is used to lunch. Does a stippled for sand
06:17 , and all I've done is taken liberty of coloring it. It's about
06:22 you couldn't papers and color like you today in the lower diagram, it's
06:27 same cross section, but now he the strata graphic layers with numbers so
06:33 could have 123456789 to 12 and unit two at three. Have a relationship
06:46 the pretty fabric old. What lack relationship are they showing? If you
06:54 a new yourself, then you could tell me the answer. If you
06:58 you know correct, that's online. you know it's 456 show what kind
07:10 relationship those units are on lapping about units. That would be information that
07:26 against the lower service. This is surface against top surface that's talked about
07:35 , right? And they ate unit to 12 short relationship. That's on
07:57 that we talk about these later. I'm sure previewing. But the point
08:02 is that Is that Bashar on left lap top, laughing on left so
08:08 complex my marination ships. And then was a diagram from Amadeus. So
08:17 is the cross section of love that drew and I just two colors to
08:21 it to sea. So we have have a pro grating complex.
08:29 you'll notice that the little faces our with brick pattern represents stones that passes
08:40 limestone represent the most based in distant . They pass into a dash chair
08:47 gradually passes into a stick, but just converted. Nice creation of transition
08:55 San Scarlett Share limestone just blemishes and I'm going from yellow sand.
09:02 share. Um, you also noticed em there. There's scoops about that's
09:10 erosion that's over. Bashar Yngling waves on wave energy, creating this little
09:20 of eroded sand right there again showing unit thes services here. Talk laughing
09:30 that upper surface. Right? So have a talk black boundary on.
09:35 units are building seaward kind of these kind of short. Peter is
09:52 and Peter was gonna That's that's a director. And what kind of a
10:11 . D is that, de? horizontal. I'd say it's pure team
10:22 No way. Okay, now what's here is an example of a planet
10:31 set from Van Wagner, 1990 and for Bowels looks a little better.
10:39 that's just my period, and that is showing hated cats with five grand
10:45 terms of what would this exactly? pure peeing. This has a component
10:56 a and now we're seeing down using services, terminating against the bottom of
11:04 diagram. So that would be exactly . So I just point out that
11:11 great battle 1919 06 was producing diagrams reproduced 94 years later. Excellent.
11:21 don't wanna bash excellent preparation that, know, they sort of presented sequence
11:25 feelings known with something new. When started digging into literature, I said
11:32 , the's ideas have been around for 100 years. There's nothing particularly new
11:38 sequence and then battle 18 06 I know how old the response okay for
11:52 effective, but it was very But before we had a great ability
11:58 date walks using radioisotope words, we really only guess at the age of
12:04 . Joel just suspected people like James the late 18 hundreds suspected millions to
12:13 of millions of years old, but really knew. Jury had radio metric
12:19 the assumptions for that Estimates for the of the Earth were from millions tens
12:26 millions of years no one really fault Earth was billions of years old.
12:31 any rate. Here's your bowels cross . There's his units, ABC after
12:37 I and then here they are. we take the Geological Cross section,
12:42 was a distance on the horizontal axis thickness and strength. A graph of
12:48 on the vertical axis and then on right. We could at that time
12:52 , aggressive diagram which have time. this shows is that the same Peter
12:59 , which is in the middle of cross section, actually has a massive
13:05 way used the word hiatus to refer the period of time that's that.
13:13 a social Before they strike a Blackwelder was sort of working at around
13:22 same time that Amadeus for Bowels Blackwelder a professor of Stanford University. Very
13:31 , even today with and what we is that this is the this is
13:39 Gulf Coast. Okay, on we to the interior of the North American
13:46 , and what we see is is body of sediments overlaying my youngest
13:56 And then we get an interval of or on hiatus in between, and
14:03 this body, your sentiments, records and then this on lap in unit
14:10 . Transgression. So we've got the of transgressions and regressions on the idea
14:16 that strategy graphic units contains performance. is kind of a complicated diagram.
14:24 the shares is again another Junan Frost . We've got a major small boundary
14:30 . We've got some pays of We've got a metamorphic belts with very
14:35 canyon rocks. Then here we got Senate votes. Maybe some pays oak
14:42 on UN conformity. And then the represents the youngest of fraternity seven.
14:48 here we've got young fraternal resettlements directly line for camping basement. So
14:54 of course, represents extremely long Maturity said it directly overlying he and
15:04 Gulf Coast region. We've got the sentiments on top. But those overall
15:10 , which of course represents all the that's underneath, accused him in
15:15 Conventional Get into camp. The other diagram familiar black Resist this show.
15:25 geology off North America going from Labrador Labrador is part the Labrador has
15:36 things. It's extremely. It has of the oldest rocks of North
15:43 Food or rocks and It's got a of relations. So it has glacial
15:49 sentiments directed it with candy. Great in Hamilton were surrounded by stones that
16:03 with Campion basement. So there's there's camera or two missions. Syrians accept
16:10 stones, buying large scale like candy . And then there's some returning glacial
16:16 that over my those pasar units. get to work. You guys,
16:24 have an extensive Cameron or permission That's, you know that that's a
16:30 by a massive Devonian Teoh Permian That's all the rocks that you see
16:38 Minerals Area of Dallas on that includes middle of all the judge goes
16:45 And then, of course, you've the quotations to sentence of successions.
16:50 a major or gas problems in the Coast. Everything from the closure to
16:56 Haynesville toe would bind the massive Gulf reservoirs in the Frio on offshore,
17:06 is all set up. Seven. shows isn't these is that there are
17:11 sequences of rocks and the young He's get one family's. You go
17:17 the interior and you see this pattern thick preserve sedimentary sequences at the
17:26 It all continents whether it's the congregate margins along the west African coast that
17:37 to the east of margin of North . Joseph Farrell was a professor of
17:47 in Gale. Dina, Thinking is 30 something tragic death. Brown was
17:54 very well rounded geologist, was just of structural. But he also
18:02 It's incredible papers in debt sedimentation. love this diagram. What this shows
18:11 Units A, B and C. know a represents a succession of Don't
18:20 to Marine shares that are building a grating see, and you a represents
18:29 during a time in which see, is greater. Then the sorry staging
18:40 is deposited during a period in which is no city. That that's the
18:46 did very first we did yesterday afternoon way began building. The cross section
18:53 house that was filled in adults with seen on the rise. This is
18:58 coarse shows what kind of a combination . What's the sports that trajectory Anybody
19:18 ? E. It is yes, ation and then a baby we have
19:23 up arise is actually so then we here Exactly then unit See, we
19:35 seen up arise, which is greater the accumulation rate. And so the
19:39 bags there's right. I don't know you can see this, but you
19:43 that there's a double sonic form, story base there. And then there's
19:47 shelf snow right there. There is shore face. There is the
19:52 and there is the little short There is hard to see. There's
19:56 show. So around he's got the in sedimentary stacking panders to fill it
20:08 key services that was able to that strata graphic billed as as a consequence
20:17 the interaction of Saturday supply and Remember when I read that paper in
20:24 ? I'm like, I don't get . I thought Secret started with something
20:28 . Joseph Brown had it all figured in Lines 12. That's that's That's
20:34 200 years. But what the heck ? Amazing process for got into that
20:46 , sick little photography, which I'm get you in just a bit.
20:53 then this is another diagram from Burrows . Okay, again, this shows
20:58 what we did in in a very exercise and reflects the combination exercise that
21:04 shared with me this morning. And know, this shows a source to
21:09 system mountains. There is the There is a chef's little break.
21:14 represents what morale referred to as the appear now in the security. You
21:22 , the mountains have gotten bigger. some mountain. Of course, that's
21:26 sediment supply. It's now. Now have a green Louisville wedge. Then
21:32 is the orange shoreline deposits. And there's the show. Slow break going
21:37 default. You could see this. a little delta chloroform there and there's
21:41 shots. Then, of course, go into old age, the mountains
21:47 down. The area subsides. The rides across the area in a
21:55 You noticed the green is gone, green and be, and it's
22:00 That's eroded by waves rolling back across service. That's the store base
22:08 That was one of the last points I talked about yesterday afternoon. So
22:12 fall short patient, short base There, the building of chefs complex
22:20 shells called concept with slow build a on top of it. And then
22:25 significant roles in my wage from the , producing a transgressive services. I
22:33 figure all this out. Did you look at outcrops? And then look
22:38 modern examples of Delta's and correlate? two knows. You know,
22:44 I've read those papers. There's no . This is, I think.
22:51 think the reason why people struggled with what to do with with his insights
22:57 you don't We're going to talk about in the next lecture. What excellent
23:03 go Regional Slides with Dana Seismic illustrated patterns directly with songs, but I
23:11 know how Brassard of these things He didn't work in the US West
23:17 in the wrong places, like you the complex, Teoh, West
23:25 and get out to Reese. You see Prada forms in places you shouldn't
23:33 size. I don't know. I that your insides, you know,
23:43 I'm sure geology just figured out but just understand processes right. But
23:49 balance with you, it's hard to understand what David that's a great
23:53 Think about that for many years. , you know, Brown also
24:02 Well, I'm trying to understand the of the Earth, he says,
24:07 know, before less no radio, sentiments. Okay? Sentiments came late
24:13 time millimeters for year meter 2000 whatever it is. So, he
24:20 . Look, I understand the their their their services and services and
24:27 of these lines. And so he , here's a based on her.
24:32 a represents the primary curve of rising that that basically would represent the subsidence
24:40 of the basin and that superimposed on has got the beaker of and those
24:47 dies drop off summations. Giving dis is now diaspora is sort of the
24:53 for cycling changes in defamation that probably large tectonics. Breast plate tectonics didn't
25:06 , so just talked about guys. stop it processes. Today we talk
25:12 Anya on conformity, these tectonic in and that's super intel. Matty has
25:18 frequency awesome nations, minor awesome Asians those, due largely to the climax
25:26 James Croll in 18 82 I realized that the Earth's changes consequence of off
25:35 variations that draws organizations, so the that the glacial cycles are driven by
25:41 change was well known in the 18 . Uh, I actually did for
25:50 mutuality physics. The casserole calculations documented actual changes in the orbit of the
25:59 and determining the frequency of cycle was 410,400,000 years. But the most parents
26:10 well understood in his time. But was another 30 40 years before the
26:15 math was done that they need precisely actual the number of thousands of years
26:22 orbited cycles. Now the upper diagram time. Everything in black settlements and
26:29 represents the period of time recorded by services between layers. What shows is
26:35 most of the strata graphic record is time, and only a small portion
26:41 it is actually settlements. That was because he was saying, Look,
26:45 we know the sedimentation rate, we that fixes the sentiment We could say
26:50 , if there's a millimeter per year later rock way have 10 millimeters of
26:58 that could be 10 years. But there is a fountain years between the
27:02 layer that 10 times most so he to estimate the amount of time records
27:08 the surface is to try to use graphic record to estimate the age of
27:12 Earth. Now, what's interesting here a diagram from the textbook. Once
27:19 , bandwagon aging. So again, 70 years after after Girls and you're
27:30 is a couple of strata graphic Okay, and here's the subsidence
27:36 This time problem is a straight this kind of a slightly slightly varying
27:44 that we have the low frequency awesome , medium freaky, awesome, awesome
27:52 and the high frequency now in the . This this would be a million
27:59 sea level curve 100,000 years curve than . Next one's view that linear linear
28:09 is the tectonic maybe, with some potential of substance thrown in and superimposed
28:16 matter status changes that gives you the . Which is this thing here,
28:23 so Black earth. The black line the basis. It's always subsided,
28:28 , always dropping down and super post dropping down curve that produces a combination
28:37 and the times red representing times get erosion below that when you get
28:46 that results in with two strata graph . What's interesting is how similar these
28:53 . What's interesting just by If you the 1988 Wagner paper, there's no
29:00 with so You know, I don't whether Van Wagner was where this
29:06 but certainly you know, if you the expression reinventing the wheel 88 years
29:13 , you know, three excellent folks coming to the same realization that Johnson
29:17 all figured out eight years before J. These questions. It's fortunately
29:24 head along. Very curious thing. , now we want the clock forward
29:32 the sixties started 15 about 19 there being the staying home for one
29:38 World War Two. The, we'll talk about this a little bit
29:45 Winston Churchill had to make a very decision that was too good for the
29:50 Navy from coal Diesel. The disadvantage for Great Britain was they didn't have
29:58 was very risky for the very, rich hole and that the North Sea
30:06 occur into the seventies. So but Churchill have an advantage of this thing
30:12 the tradition. Of course, the Empire had access to resources of all
30:19 the places where they controlled the comedies included Protectorate of Vision, so they
30:31 access to North American oil and The advantage of diesel is it makes
30:37 that maybe a lot. So right on a lot faster, which means
30:42 more dangerous. The trick is, you get your supplies cut off your
30:47 , okay. One of problems of had is they also had very long
30:53 . One of the reasons why they to attack Russia is to get
30:58 That's another story. At any just resulted. It is a massive
31:03 , the need to discover or And that really led to a massive
31:08 in the petroleum industry, particularly during War Two. And guess what,
31:14 ? That resulted in a massive increase the availability of subsurface taters. So
31:21 Larry Small system in the late forties into the sixties, all of a
31:27 he had way more data than to document the extra ginger off the North
31:38 continent. Much detail was a vandal black, but he took black grounds
31:47 on and put together this diagram that the strata graphic relationships. Conformity is
31:54 the entire called. So this is the Rocky Mountains. You notice he
32:01 his furniture in the my O. . Was saying, You don't use
32:04 anymore. That's basically that passive margin on the West of Marginal America before
32:11 were deformed into the Rocky Mountains. course, you got the three
32:19 you know, if you go to Accuracy Mountains that formed blocks that make
32:23 those mountains original, informed, passive and and reflect thick pins off dummies
32:30 successions. Did you go to the of North America? You want to
32:35 sedimentation when sea levels very most. he recognized the other thing. That
32:43 loss recognizes that there are is that are groups of Rex battered by
32:52 This isn't something that you'll be particularly with. Remember when I was undergraduate
32:59 the university from the seventies, I go to conferences and people talk about
33:04 camera division, succession and the development . Senators and Slows realized that that
33:12 big authorities in North America did not at the traditional period. Bang grease
33:23 in geological timescales of Europe. They in the middle of period, so
33:30 said, Let's a bad and all European terms, who cares about the
33:35 ? Those based on strict Europe North is different. He introduced a newsroom
33:42 reflecting First Nations Native American terminologies. you have socks? Sequence the ticket
33:51 Because Kass fear you have Sarah Zuni the tables, which is, of
33:56 , for everyone in Texas control And I think he fought with
34:01 Would that these troops will replace the in Mississippi. The and I think
34:08 lost. He lost the war, he lost the battle. His name's
34:14 really caught on. But the idea that we have sequences found upon major
34:21 conformity he's eventually one that one. one. That aspect of the fight
34:30 Larry Slaw screwed was pro surprised Pieter When Peter was a peaked in Northwestern
34:37 , Peter last school, I went work for and then summarily went to
34:45 . And as they say, the of there is just one example of
34:52 diagrams from Larry Small work. So we see the folded rocks of socks
35:02 that's that. Camera or deficiency is here. And then that's lovely overlay
35:08 the next phase of sentiments that refers as the typical new, and you
35:15 see that there is an UN conformity separates a typical black from the socks
35:23 lower diagram. He's showing the same , and you can see the Here's
35:28 cross section from Nevada to Manitoba. the Williston Basin there, and here
35:34 a diagram goes from Virginia on the to response. Can anybody tell me
35:43 kind of Duncan's for me that is ? It's conforming. Yes,
35:51 brother. So here's another example. . These were younger sequence here.
35:58 we've got the Zuni sequence. Black , older sequences right on. Once
36:04 , we've got anger and conformity Here is you told geology There is
36:09 man co share that I've spent decades on on. Then here is the
36:15 Coast sequences. They're called Valley Command overline. There's land salt on.
36:25 there was the There's Peter Sands, affairs that pays walking. What's interesting
36:35 if you look a sauces work, really does echo back Blackwell his
36:41 So, you know, 50 years Blackwelder Smalls revisited Blackwells work and Flesh
36:47 and increased and of course, lots understood that there was a so,
36:55 addition to its loss, literally defining security of an entire continent, the
37:03 North American continent. Smalls also tried present the theory that explained mathematics that
37:14 how soon princes are deposited. So did something first. Uh huh.
37:20 first attempt through to use differential equations different Cubans to define strata. Graphic
37:28 we went to that game yesterday and won't review. Harry Potter was a
37:34 at the University of Washington. I met the Gunny on a 1958 he
37:43 concept of Tom's return, a thing had been begun by Blackwelder and the
37:51 folks Talk and heroin Dealer did a of work on presenting exploded strata graph
38:01 cross sections in which went from thickness on the vertical axis and had a
38:08 of terms that reviewed to describe that of time associated with the conformance.
38:19 we're gonna come back to these the crew in the hiatus. We're
38:27 gonna take a break here, but would like everyone just take a little
38:35 and read out, because this next is a little confusing, okay?
38:42 it's supposed to be confusing, Although want you to understand this. I
38:48 you to be annoyed by this maximum , Okay, so because it's
38:56 it doesn't make any sense, but really important. It's important because I'm
39:04 explain. How does this trip was that is still practiced in many parts
39:10 the world. The reason why this important is many of the formations that
39:15 may have. The fortune I only working on your careers will have been
39:22 according to principles I'm going to explain soon as I finished. It's
39:29 Makes no sense, but it is way that formations name. And if
39:35 don't understand how formations named you may , that means it's valuable for
39:45 Most little strata graphic units to use than clarified strata graphic operations. Thank
39:54 . So I got one of the I got into this is I learned
40:00 Hair Were and his times driving grasp . But I realized that he was
40:10 . I had a hard time understanding . When I came in epidemic in
40:15 I went back and read someone. was papers on little suit, which
40:19 never read before, and I was , I never really had a script
40:24 this attack. So strata graphic After read his papers became clear, and
40:31 realized that it was a very complicated story. So here is just
40:37 simple cross strait cross sections that would been very common in the late thirties
40:42 50. The typical kind of strata cross sections that geologist produce What you
40:52 is sandy formation being on a ship formation. Okay, And of
41:03 right so you could have a big delta's that great into a big stack
41:10 Shelton. Throw down to shares you know, sometimes it's mostly dealt
41:15 . Sometimes it's most of Marine and then you get this area.
41:21 problem is in the area fingering You shamed and said that shale and sand
41:27 sense you're happy you have tongues of intruding into the shale in terms of
41:37 . And, well, it was . You can't go a B a
41:42 a B, he said. That's you know, if you have
41:48 be that young with information. That information always has information. The
41:56 that is too is said, so two solutions. The problem once say
42:02 prefer I like the sandstone more. what do is I'm gonna call that
42:11 member off. What? I'm gonna this Just taken arbitrary white line.
42:17 gonna draw it up from the Everything. So that's the end of
42:22 . Be sandstone arbitrate, vertical But I'm just going to say any
42:28 what's left of that line. I'm to include information be and any shares
42:33 at that line. I'm going sort information. Okay, so then you
42:39 the sandy time will be a Time will be another sandy tongue of
42:44 another sharing time being so or perhaps before the shares, you say,
42:51 , that's formation in Call that sandstone of a I'm just following the end
43:00 off that tongue by looking at that drawing. Arbitrary Gordon. Come on
43:07 from the landward living that Cheryl called so that a and everything like
43:14 So the formacion boundary in the Left is a straight a graphic horizontal service
43:24 , arbitrary, radical line that separates on the left from sharing. Right
43:29 it's a strategy traffic service, vicious , another strata graphic surface that it
43:38 the contact between formation A and sometimes in strata graphic. Sometimes it's
43:44 it's inclination shows and online, and it's an arbitrary. Okay, does
43:55 make any sense to you? That's . Now that's not theoretical. I
44:05 actually applause. OK, this is area that I've worked. This is
44:11 , a lot of work so that is the book we've got the man
44:16 share. That's one by the plaque . The black hole consists of a
44:21 of marine tones separated, blushing, so there's the lowest sounds.
44:28 that's Jones astronomer. And then there's share about that represents a transgression.
44:37 medical shell into the Black Hawk Call medical Cheryl. They vertical arbitrate vertical
44:47 . They simply said all the shares of that with the black hole to
44:52 right of that. Here's the the share of the price for information that's
45:02 as part of the Price River, as part of the mangles the boundaries
45:06 our majority. Right? So that's arbitrary cut off. Okay, so
45:15 the same paper, we were memory various strata graphic cross sections from the
45:22 various places in North America. Let's one of these. So this is
45:28 the geology off the Grand Chicken So we have PR jail that's overlaying
45:40 the linden limestone, which is by chisel. Okay, go to the
45:48 . At this point, get the angel ship. Big smoke,
45:53 So what? We're really does they , Well, we're gonna define the
45:57 angel share as a formation and we separated from the people Share at the
46:04 where the Linda limestone pinches out in it Asian ship. We draw the
46:10 at that, pinch out any The light is the PR from any
46:14 to the left or the right Scary thing is let you say
46:21 you know, a new road is built during the new deal,
46:28 During Eisenhower, he was living Don't actually here then then the boundaries
46:35 off that formation has. Sure. that's kind of a dangerous battery,
46:41 it's it's based on the data. here's Here's another example. Uh,
47:00 Knox limestone is the big I don't that forms the night spark into astrology
47:05 to where I live. This So there's a lot this formation.
47:13 feel very. The formation banners, lines. Common talk is mostly
47:25 Honaker is mostly limestone And, um ledges? Mostly limestone water bills,
47:34 sharing Mary smells of mine from another diagram. We have little faces.
47:45 of you who don't build trace brought will find this very confused. That's
47:50 he took praised force. You heard 10 face, including faces, but
47:55 work faces marries Time did not refer deputised environment off a part of
48:06 Listen, Faces referred to the average off a bunch of formations added
48:13 I never used the word face in terms that way part of Harry Theater
48:24 my response is doing is trying to out the general drugs with the entire
48:29 . Still, a lot of Also, we'll Mallory's time, the
48:35 off sentimental structures and for education to out the details of environmental little faces
48:43 really exist. And so little faces really just most a supposed to environmental
48:51 faces that we understand used today. then the closest thing to a little
48:59 concept today, which just was this . Little sodas left a strong's that
49:04 no longer use. Thanks. again, the point is just for
49:11 to understand This is the kind of that that just comes with 50.
49:20 clearly this was gonna call some If you want to use this kind
49:25 brushed urology to find Reservoir See Okay. And so kind of the
49:35 here is that is the little faces little photography would defined by arbitrary
49:45 those thes vertical boundaries, all So one question I have is
49:52 These arbitrary little strata graphic units or would be visible in Assad. If
50:01 if you take a size with line Have you ever seen a vertical line
50:06 separates a woman must own money and ? Has anyone ever team that
50:15 So? So everything Harry Reid did G launcher prosection like I showed and
50:24 into a real a diagram like I below. What's shown below is the
50:29 diagram for sequence C and D. , do you notice that secrecy is
50:37 ? Unit. It's gonna and conformity the base. It has angular performing
50:43 tough. Okay, here we've got layers and see. And here we've
50:53 layer 123 and four, and layers 70 or missing. And here seeing
51:00 missing completely. And then it pops up again here. So,
51:05 space sequence see, is almost complete layers 123 to 8. There is
51:13 to 8. Then here, in part we've only got layers. One
51:17 That's one. Before you've got almost See that this is the overseas completely
51:23 wrong way. Then she is very Here it units, units see,
51:32 overly by unit D and there is oldest player you know, Dean
51:37 you're on lap top of C. got 123456789 10 10 layers showed him
51:47 and you know, one pitches up with two goals, but further,
51:51 goes further foremost further and the five deposited over the entire. So the
52:00 at the base of D get younger that direction. The oldest units her
52:06 and the younger units present all frost . This vertical line represents the area
52:16 time that used to be occupied by from C horizontal. The area characterized
52:26 the horizontal line represents the rocks of that our school prisoners and the white
52:33 represents the period of time which there no deposition. Okay, This,
52:43 is his hair users times photography diagram process. But the thing that haven't
52:53 about these so this point, you see that there is an un
53:01 There it is. The conformity stops , the test. There's also not
53:10 here. The past conformity then Apparently either draw off trade vertical boundary
53:19 the tip out of that on conformity and as the name a new
53:24 So his sequences would find di un ease. But as soon as you
53:29 been formally passing in front of conformity draw arbitrary, brought to mind separating
53:35 to the left of the seafood, ? I never understood why he did
53:42 never could understand it until I went and read that paper. He was
53:48 strong. Auditory wrote about his for so he just carried that into the
53:55 interpretation of sequences. Nobody could figure out excellent, came along and
54:01 Well, that was making sense. don't we just keep secrets going in
54:04 crowd of conformity and simplifying the definition the correct conformity sequences? rather have
54:14 superstition our way. Just keep seeking going just becomes so when Excellent revised
54:25 top style secrets formally. Okay, a consequence of all this arbitrary vertical
54:38 sense, a couple things happened in sixties. Two major in the
54:48 One was the explosion of use of Pantagraph, the other respected Harry
54:59 Fresh Water University. It was called mine at Dallas was a school
55:09 Harry was in his last days, he was acquitted. Perry really deny
55:18 , of course, meant that anybody the seventies were doing tectonics. I
55:22 be treated as an idiot by the community community except effective. There's a
55:31 . I just thought it was just fart and none of his siblings was
55:37 attention to for tonight. Who is professor that so at Texas, Bob
55:48 passed away and Colonel was Russian It was very bad eyesight. So
55:55 wasn't much of a geologist, really Rafter microscope because because it was bad
56:00 like it was just one thing you see and these two classroom bang and
56:07 response that we're manly stops at This fraternity stuff is the complete triumph
56:14 over facts and common sense. But what happened is is an organization called
56:23 de Economic Meteorologists, Paleontologists S and M that I was pressed on a
56:29 years ago, published a journal called said mention metrology. The focus was
56:36 mineralogy and paleontology, and if you strewn lights instead of seven, taking
56:44 course in soft geology, the trigger , and you spend all your time
56:53 about sentimental structures and looking at rocks finish section and Sertic. It was
56:59 lost art. So in the particularly was characterized as a debt
57:07 capture endless debates about hot two main graphic units. The problem is the
57:14 look. Same mythologies deposited in the deputies, environments that the same age
57:20 had the same false is will be different formations because of the arbitrary
57:27 That's crazy. But that doesn't make . And of course, some rheumatologists
57:34 , Just forget those old photography Let's focus on on using the Petrograd
57:42 and the composition of sand stones document tectonic origin, sandstorms and then the
57:49 big breakthrough had occurred was the analysis environmental faces. What's interesting? Is
57:56 a small group of geologists, mostly the sort of Midwestern states, including
58:02 and Oklahoma? They do a sequence sugar, but it's hard to know
58:08 because of their politics. And I with big sense Now they were ignored
58:14 the geologist on the Western V. to just raving about tectonics and see
58:21 plate tectonics and or DJ faces They weren't much interest was always
58:28 dirty secrets. So the old business moving ahead and see photography and the
58:35 , particularly in California, Stanford and of the Big East schools like Harvard
58:44 Yale. They just want the Secret except for garbage. And the sad
58:49 is, they're geologist. 100 years had invented read a plate tectonics.
58:57 agency dermatologist came along. They just with They didn't teach it at none
59:04 it. So I was a PhD at McMaster and one of the first
59:12 stories that apply this great concept of . Models produced this cross section of
59:19 around. I don't know if you read this, but but,
59:25 this this, uh, stiffer unit is described us at the strip military
59:34 with our pretty dominant power. this course that rule is described as
59:50 short bar and beach. Horizontal line a high ton, flat floodplain.
60:03 is the word mythology mentioned. I'm saying OK here, says this dash
60:09 was that that's can't fund this dashed . Here is some literal, full
60:17 witness shale so predominant for the first , you actually have a pathology
60:23 Most of these shoes Sam's, are environments of deposition. Your deeds.
60:33 the many from the movie The Yellow . Now that was 1971.
60:45 and then he felt a telegram from Day and Galloway. So this is
60:50 Coast in the 19 eighties, and is the This is the Perrys are
60:59 in both coast. And once let's look at the explanation of who's
61:06 deal in Delta Strand played flu feel grain for screen. Strange.
61:19 Shall recall carbonate forming Lee something that cruise once again. We're talking about
61:27 of deposition. Everything is in your , okay? And so that when
61:32 began in 1998 you know what it Balls. Anybody here ever used
61:40 Of course, you have that lead distract force back in the day.
61:47 these programs that would be used to students about about geography in they you
61:56 20 years ago. And this is opinion of those diagrams sorting hat,
62:05 Potter. There's the whole wards. that's what I think. And so
62:11 critical thing is the This was considered statement in the fifties, in the
62:17 and the eighties, and none of are anything like Assad. So when
62:24 with data came, it said, a minute, this data is showing
62:30 that we're missing in jail. What it that we're missing? As I
62:38 out, Larry slaw supervised Peter Bail small, says ideas, went to
62:46 and said, Wait a minute. see things in size with data that
62:51 do know looks like what I was . It doesn't look like anything that's
62:58 that's masquerading last year. So the doing geology or producing diagrams cross sections
63:08 don't look like size with data. think they're missing something That's something strange
63:15 you want it. All cos seventies sixties only the physicists were allowed to
63:21 at size. A geologist for considered have enough mathematical skills to interpret size
63:29 Pete Vale said, The sheriff That's crazy like that. Still,
63:36 geology, that seismic data, and don't maximizing preventing that. So we
63:42 to have this size with to extract strata. Graphic information. Thanks.
63:52 began this story off sequence in and that's what we're gonna end right
64:02 , right? Right at the That's a good place, A good
64:11 . So what, we're gonna do ? Just other, Any questions right
64:19 that will take place. Okay, I've got 10 15 15 minute
64:28 and then we can be at Electrolux born in a pick up again about
64:37 minutes
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