| 00:04 | welcome folks. So I'm just gonna the first the every end of the |
|
| 00:08 | one summary. And take us up uh the beginning of the chapter |
|
| 00:15 | which is on precarious cell structures and . So uh so what we have |
|
| 00:25 | cover in Chapter one is the very . So biofilms emerging infectious diseases. |
|
| 00:32 | uh so just as a checklist here , you know what we've covered in |
|
| 00:37 | one, defining a microbe kind of on that definition. A little bit |
|
| 00:43 | classification of microbes, representative types of , fungi, things like east mold |
|
| 00:51 | zones, allergy uh zones, um , archaea. Right, so um |
|
| 01:01 | then kind of the historical perspective of . Their discovery Hook Van Leeuwenhoek, |
|
| 01:10 | the this idea of spontaneous generation and that through experimentation, particularly instrumental was |
|
| 01:18 | . And so he came up with term theory of fermentation, how that |
|
| 01:23 | could could convert organic materials into end um that life could carry out these |
|
| 01:30 | of processes uh kind of extrapolating that maybe microbes can be responsible for converting |
|
| 01:38 | organic human bodies to a disease So, coke came up with the |
|
| 01:42 | story of disease. Um and and framework to kind of establish that a |
|
| 01:48 | causes a can cause a disease, we'll get into more detail later, |
|
| 01:53 | kind of just presenting that idea and course the importance of the culturing techniques |
|
| 01:58 | aseptic techniques and pure culture and the of that. And then with discovery |
|
| 02:04 | disease causing organisms. How do we these? How do we get rid |
|
| 02:07 | these are the process of vaccination and this disinfection, antibiotics? Uh |
|
| 02:15 | we ended last time with the really benefits of microbes, the role in |
|
| 02:21 | ecology um their benefit there in terms their metabolic types, right benefits in |
|
| 02:28 | of being able to exploit them in of using their activity for for |
|
| 02:35 | so to speak. So bioremediation to to clean up pollutants and toxins of |
|
| 02:43 | types. Uh using recumbent DNA technology to okay use them for commercial |
|
| 02:53 | industrial purposes, medical purposes, basic purposes and so forth. And so |
|
| 03:00 | closed out here kind of with disease we looked at in last time at |
|
| 03:08 | microbiome of course. And and the that that it provides to us. |
|
| 03:14 | so the relationships they have with of course. Symbiotic relationships uh benefiting |
|
| 03:21 | both benefiting or maybe they benefit, don't we're not harmed. So they're |
|
| 03:27 | have these kinds of interactions with us certainly beneficial in many ways. Both |
|
| 03:34 | uh immune system and others, of , can be transient types as we |
|
| 03:40 | we go through our life, uh be fluctuations in certain types due to |
|
| 03:46 | health of our immune system uh geographically we eat many different factors play into |
|
| 03:53 | . Okay, and then finally, disease. Right? So if we |
|
| 03:57 | a pathogen, do we get Do we not get sick? Of |
|
| 04:01 | . A number of factors play into . Right? How susceptible are we |
|
| 04:05 | strongly correlates with the health of our system. But then also of course |
|
| 04:10 | have to factor in the pathogen The virulence factors it possesses. |
|
| 04:16 | so all these come together. Two our susceptibility or resistance to disease. |
|
| 04:24 | of course the opportunistic and primary Right. So within your microbiome will |
|
| 04:30 | types that may on occasion uh become . These what are the opportunistic |
|
| 04:36 | So normally they're held in check or benign to us but if they gain |
|
| 04:43 | to a part of our body through wound or some sort that they wouldn't |
|
| 04:47 | be able to do or somehow or our immune systems compromised. Then these |
|
| 04:52 | may proliferate and begin to cause Okay contrast to a primary pathogen where |
|
| 04:59 | their purpose is to cause disease, not they're not part of your normal |
|
| 05:04 | . You acquire these through various modes transmission. But they are they are |
|
| 05:09 | something that if you normally have if have these they're there to cause |
|
| 05:16 | And so we close out then with couple of things of biofilms are basically |
|
| 05:22 | associations of bacteria. They become a accumulation representing lots and lots of growth |
|
| 05:29 | bacteria. It's a species specific It's it's certainly not a it may |
|
| 05:35 | to be a random process where they kind of come together. But it's |
|
| 05:39 | from that. It's a it's a encoded process. It's a species specific |
|
| 05:45 | . It is an orchestrated process that steps uh cell cell communication. Uh |
|
| 05:53 | of genes to produce specific products to the biofilm. So it's anything. |
|
| 05:59 | a random thing is a very orchestrated process. And what is common biofilms |
|
| 06:06 | is a surface phenomenon and it begins a surface and so attachment becomes very |
|
| 06:12 | . So as we'll learn later the , it's about bacteria initially attaching to |
|
| 06:18 | surface. So things like a structures talk about culture and are very important |
|
| 06:23 | this. Uh And so then it from there and grows. And so |
|
| 06:29 | terms from medical aspect health wise uh are medically important biofilm formers that cause |
|
| 06:37 | . These can be quite problematic in cases quite dangerous. Okay many of |
|
| 06:43 | are resistant to antibiotics. Uh An is the use improper use of different |
|
| 06:51 | devices like catheters, um breathing tubes you intubate patients with sorry replacement parts |
|
| 07:03 | a heart valve, a knee a a hip replacement. These are |
|
| 07:09 | that provide services where if the device is not handled properly. I. |
|
| 07:14 | . A skeptically hygienically. Then you it and then that's the potential for |
|
| 07:21 | the object is inserted into the patient then can form a biofilm. And |
|
| 07:25 | you see here uh staphylococcus the common the skin. You can spend |
|
| 07:30 | So health care worker mishandling it can contaminate it. And then in the |
|
| 07:37 | bio from conform. And so again represents a large national growth. Okay |
|
| 07:45 | it forms a thick layer and that that can make administration of antibiotics problematic |
|
| 07:51 | to penetrate that layer. And so well part of the biofilm can break |
|
| 07:56 | and go to other parts of the . So having a biofilm type infection |
|
| 08:00 | is very can be very problematic. And something to be aware of um |
|
| 08:07 | . I. D. S. we're well aware of this. I'm |
|
| 08:10 | having still going to the covid because an example of the I. |
|
| 08:14 | So emerging infectious diseases are diseases that you know may have in the past |
|
| 08:22 | being characterized but maybe uh was contained of came and went or maybe appeared |
|
| 08:29 | we weren't sure what it was and but then it re emerges later and |
|
| 08:36 | more potent form much more able to humans. And so um these are |
|
| 08:44 | we have to continually be on top and be aware of. Uh the |
|
| 08:52 | enough the Ebola virus Covid and uh outbreak of a virus seen a couple |
|
| 09:00 | months ago in Ghana. The Marburg Marburg and Ebola very closely related. |
|
| 09:05 | called hemorrhagic type cause hemorrhagic type Um they both cause they both have |
|
| 09:12 | very high mortality rate if you acquire . Either one of those you have |
|
| 09:17 | best 50% chance of living um transmission extensive is not rapid. Uh you |
|
| 09:26 | to have touch bodily fluids of an person or the betting of a person |
|
| 09:31 | they've been hospital betting that they've been on. Um Of course PPE having |
|
| 09:39 | mask is essential to prevent transmission but from this is not not a pretty |
|
| 09:45 | basically fluids are coming out of Uh These these particular pathogens can affect |
|
| 09:50 | number of different cell types in the which which relates relates to their violence |
|
| 09:55 | deadliness. So um but the question and it's interesting that all three of |
|
| 10:02 | Marburg Ebola would have origins bats. it's very common that many of these |
|
| 10:06 | . I. D. S. zoonotic means they have animal origins. |
|
| 10:11 | and um and so we often in we talk about what's called a reservoir |
|
| 10:17 | disease or infection. That's the Where is the source of the |
|
| 10:22 | And of course and zoonotic disease that be a particular animal. Okay of |
|
| 10:27 | the reservoir the agent itself must be from the reservoir to you too cause |
|
| 10:34 | . And those are things we'll talk later. It can be it can |
|
| 10:36 | various forms an insect vector. It be airborne or what have you. |
|
| 10:42 | so the question becomes what are these are these E. I. |
|
| 10:47 | S. Arising? Okay and so certainly through mutation. So what has |
|
| 10:53 | happen is for there to be infectivity humans. There must be a period |
|
| 11:00 | the agent and humans are in close . Okay. Um and that can |
|
| 11:07 | that's what we bring in things like environmental factors? Okay. Very common |
|
| 11:14 | parts of the parts of the This is asia and elsewhere that open |
|
| 11:19 | wet markets are very common. And you become crowded with humans and you |
|
| 11:24 | of course all kinds of animals exotic otherwise in cages and that can become |
|
| 11:33 | a and the fact that in certain of the world certain foods are are |
|
| 11:37 | and that aren't in other parts of world. And this just means you |
|
| 11:42 | more close contact with animals that uh these animals carrying these zoonotic diseases with |
|
| 11:49 | . So these provide opportunities to to to bring about the contact between us |
|
| 11:54 | them. Okay and so of course you combine that with higher mutation |
|
| 11:59 | particularly viruses have a much higher mutation acquiring new genes to recombination for |
|
| 12:06 | Um So all of this kind of together. These factors come together to |
|
| 12:11 | about an agent that normally wouldn't wouldn't the leap from animal to human. |
|
| 12:19 | can if we contact with humans increases again, cultural environmental factors etcetera. |
|
| 12:26 | it's it's a problem we will have continually deal with all the more important |
|
| 12:31 | keep to have people out there scanning these things to to be observant |
|
| 12:39 | Is there is an outbreak occurring of unusual? Um are there certain animal |
|
| 12:44 | populations that are experiencing some kind of disease outbreak or something? And then |
|
| 12:49 | of staying on top of that and containing containing the outbreak? So very |
|
| 12:56 | to to to avoid hopefully avoid another . Okay, so uh that closes |
|
| 13:04 | chapter one and then the next recording cover uh the first part of the |
|
| 13:10 | 14 part one on Pro carry out functions. Okay, thanks |
|
