| 00:00 | Yeah. Yeah. Okay. We're be talking about basically sediment beyond the |
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| 00:15 | edge and in that context there's a of good literature. Uh Probably the |
|
| 00:22 | summary of getting a little out of climber and slapped. Uh But I'm |
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| 00:28 | to update the references uh and send out to you at some point uh |
|
| 00:35 | the next few days. Uh when look at deep water resources where we're |
|
| 00:42 | of two different ways uh is it in deep water? Or is it |
|
| 00:47 | deepwater definitional system? Strictly speaking the here or or deep and ultra deep |
|
| 00:57 | dips. But as you look if look at the uh huh. Also |
|
| 01:05 | deep depths there almost all water culture state for an L. C. |
|
| 01:13 | Mhm. Regular deep water 200 500 what it was back in 22 uh |
|
| 01:23 | shallow water including. Okay, so we've gone into deeper water, we've |
|
| 01:29 | gone into deeper deposition systems. We the same thing happening as we go |
|
| 01:35 | Angola. We see the same thing uh as we go particularly to free |
|
| 01:41 | and uh offshore brazil now should add of the pre salt, brazil is |
|
| 01:51 | rift filled apartment deposit. So they deep water deposition systems although in some |
|
| 01:59 | that really deep in custody. So recognize the distinction when you see these |
|
| 02:04 | of things and try to get an . We just um and brazil is |
|
| 02:11 | to see that's taking them deep, uptick in the us. This was |
|
| 02:18 | 2015, uh All sorts of things happened since then. But we continue |
|
| 02:26 | see deep water drilling and deepwater deposition important components of both the US expiration |
|
| 02:37 | and worldwide. Mm This just shows of the uh huh the ultimate target |
|
| 02:46 | the thing I want to focus their so much of it is related to |
|
| 02:50 | opening of the south atlantic. And beginning to see development in India in |
|
| 02:58 | . See uh of course in Australia . Okay, if we look at |
|
| 03:05 | controlling these systems, uh sediments great type ready type sort tectonics and |
|
| 03:17 | level fluctuations. This goes back to old mantra tectonics and I'm as it |
|
| 03:25 | the starting approach. These are the psychic allergenic components of our deposition |
|
| 03:35 | Uh We can also look at the of slope settings. Pro grading, |
|
| 03:41 | programming, unstable natural rating programming, that the gulf of Mexico is clearly |
|
| 03:50 | example that has most of the reserves . We can also talk about uh |
|
| 03:57 | slide margins. Uh tectonic lee active and extension allowing trans attentional settings as |
|
| 04:10 | . If we look at this is mobile substrate ID intentional. You're looking |
|
| 04:19 | per smoke model, substrate, So really yellow is about the only |
|
| 04:28 | that is the passive margin if you . Uh So if we look at |
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| 04:36 | at either because of mobile substrate them because of tectonic deformation. We see |
|
| 04:47 | this is a major component in determining geometry in the types of sentiment. |
|
| 04:56 | it was kind of a nice summary not article research discover uh G It |
|
| 05:07 | us through. The process is really going to be going to and it |
|
| 05:11 | with the little time. What is rock that you're seeing describe it for |
|
| 05:16 | ? Uh Is it laminated mud Is that mandated sam stop and then |
|
| 05:23 | that together in terms of sequence. we have packages uh Now the native |
|
| 05:32 | structure sense to preserve that helps exactly take those packages and put it into |
|
| 05:42 | elements uh like a trunk. This chance a catalyzed low for low margin |
|
| 05:52 | . And then when you've done that the last 10 years for so there's |
|
| 06:00 | good news in this. Even though deep order systems are pretty complicated. |
|
| 06:07 | lot of ways. The major the architectural evidence if you want are |
|
| 06:13 | in most sense. Uh You tend have incised valleys, canyons, they |
|
| 06:21 | to have a slope channel levy We tend to have basement floor fans |
|
| 06:28 | our loads. So this sequence is we're going to is going to be |
|
| 06:33 | of the template for when we're looking different set. It. The other |
|
| 06:41 | that's useful is that the succession of is similar in most setting. Uh |
|
| 06:51 | Typically starts with slope failure. This in the canyon which is a conduit |
|
| 06:59 | when expanded can eventually capture a sediment . Okay. And then that sediment |
|
| 07:07 | ends up feeding like I might also silk failure results in the formation of |
|
| 07:15 | major slide complex transported complex. Once you've captured settlement initially intends to |
|
| 07:26 | the canyon to deposit as a basement fan and then with changes in the |
|
| 07:33 | supply and changes in sea level that begins to backfill the channel ready complex |
|
| 07:41 | eventually is in most cases right by and pledging served now to get the |
|
| 07:51 | through the canyon and for that matter some cases generate the kidney but we |
|
| 07:59 | to trigger some kind of a introduction Senate. Uh huh We can talk |
|
| 08:07 | ignited flows and non ignited flows. flows are the kinds of things we |
|
| 08:14 | think of when they turbidity currents. could pick up earthquake generated, we |
|
| 08:20 | imagine rapid sedimentation on the shelf edge Stephen ng or maybe a change in |
|
| 08:26 | pressure related to uh storms, maybe even a sudden discharge of gas |
|
| 08:36 | . The non ignited flows are the particular flows that we talked about and |
|
| 08:43 | flows contra rides bottom cried flows that haven't really dealt with. Mhm uh |
|
| 08:53 | systems again, most of what we've looking at his channel Phil deposition of |
|
| 09:00 | . Mass transport complexes load into the tight fill and she, I no |
|
| 09:08 | quite sure where to put that in contour Griff's uh huh These are kind |
|
| 09:18 | the large scale packages. One of things you'll see and you'll, you |
|
| 09:24 | onto it during the lecture. The has changed and is and continues to |
|
| 09:34 | influx dealing with departure systems. And something called turbid, I by one |
|
| 09:42 | may later be called, wow, else and then there's something else. |
|
| 09:47 | , um, this particular setting of density turbid, I'd still read |
|
| 09:53 | It's not quite sure. I suspect really more of a continuous on the |
|
| 10:00 | of these loops. The other thing , this is, if you like |
|
| 10:05 | typical uh, sequence that we were with 20 years ago and it still |
|
| 10:13 | a good framework to begin outlining where going to go in terms of |
|
| 10:21 | But as you'll see, we also hyper pink knocks and you're gonna also |
|
| 10:28 | for hybrid beds. So we're going squeeze in a couple of extras while |
|
| 10:34 | here. But let's initially, let's with the slumps. If you look |
|
| 10:39 | the slumps, which are basically the of that first failure that initiates the |
|
| 10:46 | kenya, initiates the conduit through which sediment bypasses the shelf. Mm. |
|
| 10:54 | , there are a variety of features looks pretty self evident uh, like |
|
| 11:01 | something etcetera. I'm not going to with these two nights because we will |
|
| 11:06 | back to these when we talk Mass transport complexes. He said, |
|
| 11:13 | want you to think more about the for these slops and slides Because the |
|
| 11:22 | things they create a home and they also be transformed into different types of |
|
| 11:33 | arts. And this is one of complicating things about deep water systems. |
|
| 11:39 | the systems can change with time within single event. So we could have |
|
| 11:50 | transformed into debris flows, some of can be transformed into slovenian currents. |
|
| 12:04 | , for example, this transformation could from by the water but the degree |
|
| 12:11 | resulting in a more for dilute. we're going to see that these deposits |
|
| 12:19 | often degenerated by multiple layers of different of features. If we go back |
|
| 12:29 | that idea of slums changing well, got a slump or river and flood |
|
| 12:37 | to be a we could have liquefaction foreign targets. The great flow, |
|
| 12:49 | the deposit untranslated, formed or we see variety of transformations result in different |
|
| 13:00 | of sedimentary gravity flows with time. we'll try to clarify some of that |
|
| 13:06 | we go. But there was our or slumps. Here are the processes |
|
| 13:14 | which we are transforming and transporting those and here the products. So let's |
|
| 13:22 | at some of the types of cross a sedimentary gravity flow which is pretty |
|
| 13:31 | what we're talking about now is a where the fluid is set in motion |
|
| 13:38 | a density contrast. Your density currents the most fluid gravity flow of the |
|
| 13:47 | is set in motion by a fluid but not all of what we'll talk |
|
| 13:51 | in the deep water system or sedimentary . And there are a variety of |
|
| 13:59 | mechanisms. I wish that sentiment is in motion ranging fluid turbulence to make |
|
| 14:08 | strength. It is a result. get a series of different styles |
|
| 14:18 | Rather it flows which would give the graphic process. Her baby hearts. |
|
| 14:26 | grief. Those directories. Exactly. the support mechanisms are really important to |
|
| 14:35 | . So I want to spend just couple of minutes expanding on that because |
|
| 14:41 | is something we haven't dealt with much than in the brief flows on the |
|
| 14:45 | fans turbulence. We know turbulence is phenomenon of low concentration fluids in |
|
| 14:58 | He's not pregnant on foot. But you increase the sediment concentration you begin |
|
| 15:06 | have first Hendrix settle. Just imagine got so much sentiment that is literally |
|
| 15:13 | hindered particularly as you begin to have being squeezed up due to the settling |
|
| 15:21 | . At the same time the grains trying to move in the opposite direction |
|
| 15:25 | deep water that at some point you so much green concentration, there's grain |
|
| 15:32 | interactions. She began to get that oppression. Talk and at some point |
|
| 15:40 | with mixtures of fine and coarse you begin to have matric strength where |
|
| 15:47 | actually have a sheer strength of the . And so it's not really a |
|
| 15:53 | fluid in new york and then Tony , pretty much have a constant |
|
| 16:00 | Whereas a big plastic typically a but free flow has sometimes he'll strength as |
|
| 16:10 | matrix strength that has to be exceeded there can be deformation. So that |
|
| 16:18 | be a tribute to the current. said well, and down here we've |
|
| 16:23 | a not cohesive degrees which has no strength, but you can have change |
|
| 16:32 | the behavior if you like the Uh as you increase the stream |
|
| 16:39 | so that might be non cohesive or debris flow. Now this is where |
|
| 16:47 | begin to get into some of the in how we refer to deposits. |
|
| 16:55 | There to baby floats on trivia Uh pretty good. A liquefied flow |
|
| 17:02 | is more likely to now be called non cohesive sandy Deb, right, |
|
| 17:10 | flow is again a different type of cohesive sandy, all the Visa |
|
| 17:18 | That's how uh the brief floated us . Really cohesive different. So you |
|
| 17:27 | what's happening is the brief low deposits is Deborah and more or less the |
|
| 17:35 | to incorporate green floor liquefied for Now, The reality is there are |
|
| 17:44 | four as well. Oh, depending on who you are. Uh |
|
| 17:56 | people call all of these TurboTax were on this trip. And one of |
|
| 18:02 | we see is that when we first to deal with sediment was deposited in |
|
| 18:10 | water. Uh there too, turbodyne came out. uh first from experiments |
|
| 18:16 | kenan and then later by field studies Alma. So everything was called turn |
|
| 18:21 | up. Now we're beginning to The more and more we continue to |
|
| 18:30 | prison. The more and more restrictive see turbid icts are and the more |
|
| 18:37 | other types of flows. So this is just a different way of |
|
| 18:44 | and said, oh, turbulent forward and basically we'll discuss liquefied, great |
|
| 18:56 | of you get to a bank and strengthen makers, a cohesive individual. |
|
| 19:06 | , these will morph into debt Yeah, again, this is a |
|
| 19:14 | central support. Starting with President. strength that said, you're not dispersing |
|
| 19:22 | . It sits up here. That's great degree of interaction top grain flows |
|
| 19:27 | the result of that for increasingly we see that is being a major component |
|
| 19:37 | the set. So yeah, we'll to the truth of life, |
|
| 19:42 | I get to be terminated. we got concentrated and then muddy |
|
| 19:50 | So we're beginning to see a transformation what we call these things, even |
|
| 19:56 | uh we still think of turbine nights being the, the basis for |
|
| 20:04 | You notice that first diagram I showed when it shows deep water sediments, |
|
| 20:09 | said turban guys, we should beat quotes because that's kind of referring to |
|
| 20:14 | deepwater settlements as turbulent uh huh something getting a week, let's look at |
|
| 20:22 | turbidity current and the turbine died before a dance in the current form of |
|
| 20:28 | sediment concentration it is to have a rolling rolling head. Mhm in which |
|
| 20:40 | centers as growed incorporated truck on the tape of that tape. Yes. |
|
| 20:52 | we subdivide these in for low density high density interpretations based on the concentration |
|
| 20:58 | sediment. The problem is we can't on what that concentration is, which |
|
| 21:06 | shouldn't be surprising because this was a process. So a lot of it |
|
| 21:13 | to do with whatever the experimental study was based on. So here we've |
|
| 21:22 | road density, Here's 23 here, have high gets 6-24 here we have |
|
| 21:30 | concentrated, that's your rating 26. we've got a lot of concentrations and |
|
| 21:44 | differences uh that uh which is going have to accept as an arbitrary distinction |
|
| 21:53 | we go through. Well, one the things that was noticed what so |
|
| 22:01 | turbine eyes, turbidity currents is there layer. In fact, This particular |
|
| 22:10 | has three uh layers, there is basal layer that is essentially, I |
|
| 22:22 | laminar flow. It is so highly that there is brain support, is |
|
| 22:32 | as a club where indian we get here and we begin to get areas |
|
| 22:39 | are more related to uh huh changes the nursing leading up to down |
|
| 22:54 | we'll get the your daily front. here it sort of is maybe a |
|
| 23:02 | density, turbulent floor. We got , suspension, low and high density |
|
| 23:10 | down below here, we got something is uh really a refloat, basically |
|
| 23:17 | we're looking at. We're looking at public bottom and then a high density |
|
| 23:22 | density turbidity curtain all the same All the same flow at eight point |
|
| 23:29 | . They notice the differences in the magnitude the thickness of the Don't worry |
|
| 23:35 | that. Mm. In this particular , the suggestion is that the critical |
|
| 23:44 | to get down to a debris flow 50% sediment between high density low |
|
| 23:53 | Well, yeah, Turbidity blow is 20%. Again, order of magnitude |
|
| 24:01 | . Uh but don't rely too much just think of this brief, low |
|
| 24:09 | the tribunal. And when it You begin to get seven posit and |
|
| 24:21 | named the positive as the systems in . So there's a basil sound maybe |
|
| 24:32 | laminated. Then they said it was out of suspension, uh, going |
|
| 24:38 | ripple their forms maybe eventually creating in months. Yeah. Whereas with a |
|
| 24:48 | , we get a much more complicated . See where we start with may |
|
| 24:56 | grateful for the flow to a contraction , which is similar, can certainly |
|
| 25:05 | fluid eyes basically falls out of So we get a very different vertical |
|
| 25:13 | uh, from this low density determine this loaded, interpreted in this |
|
| 25:22 | density. Turn it up and as see in a moment, the upper |
|
| 25:27 | of this may actually be road Turn it up. Yeah, I |
|
| 25:36 | this just to remind you the scale we're talking. These turbidity currents have |
|
| 25:42 | measured speeds up to Over two m/s sickness is 75 m. We actually |
|
| 25:51 | there more than 100 m thick in cases. So this is just one |
|
| 25:58 | turbidity current that came down uh you matter minutes uh and one someone can |
|
| 26:09 | scales are going to be a major of trying to keep keep driving. |
|
| 26:18 | . Now this data great to be the school because explains are calling classifying |
|
| 26:29 | concentration decrease. Get to go down street. That's mainly because we're incorporating |
|
| 26:37 | and more walking. Now the flow to increase. Reaches A P some |
|
| 26:51 | saying that the men were it? Maybe it's ceramic. Yes, because |
|
| 26:57 | are various processes going on initially naked . Well, the main process, |
|
| 27:08 | was getting less and less as there's and more concentration. That's why from |
|
| 27:16 | it was the Matrix support was getting move. They have bring your brain |
|
| 27:27 | . You notice at the end. some credit professional we get maybe to |
|
| 27:37 | . So this downstream decrease is basically whole thing is spreading out, is |
|
| 27:46 | down turbidity flow per se. We here. There he is a turbidity |
|
| 27:59 | in this area here where still is dominant front That is fluid turbulence down |
|
| 28:06 | process, but it's clearly influenced by factors as well as the concentration your |
|
| 28:14 | in some place to get into there a flood use of the crew. |
|
| 28:21 | can see even here at seven concentrations . We're seeing different relative magnitudes of |
|
| 28:32 | . So here we have fluid turbulence turn down the street deadline and now |
|
| 28:39 | beginning in this high density to have dampening turns list. We've got hindered |
|
| 28:47 | , we've got some rain support The grain interactions little bit of excess |
|
| 28:54 | . So that's that zone where we're mixture. So that's our high |
|
| 29:01 | Sure. And then we can look the briefing rooms if we have enough |
|
| 29:12 | matrix to prevent sand settling. But got a muddy Deborah if we have |
|
| 29:24 | , but it's mainly for pressure points brain green interaction. We have very |
|
| 29:31 | money or no money and it's a clean sandy there. Yes. Any |
|
| 29:37 | profession. This is more like the slope. It was just a lot |
|
| 29:42 | that had mentioned you wanted. So all that confusion. I'm gonna try |
|
| 29:47 | stick to. This doesn't mean that don't drift from time to time. |
|
| 29:52 | basically I'm gonna look at the fine money contributed to Hello density sandy, |
|
| 30:00 | high density sandy to conglomerated. So you know how picture you're going to |
|
| 30:08 | at non cohesive sandy, gravelly the and completes it degree for money saying |
|
| 30:20 | down here hybrid events. So hybrid and hybrid pick nights on Fox |
|
| 30:27 | Yeah, this is what we learned junior level undergraduate. The classic turbine |
|
| 30:40 | from E C. E. Break the E and two. The poetic |
|
| 30:48 | , fallout from the turbine tail in heavy ecological green, basically non. |
|
| 31:00 | then we go in the field. these um, this is a complete |
|
| 31:05 | turbid I as created a parallel laminated kabul ripple, the faintly parallel deed |
|
| 31:18 | eat. Now a couple of issues that. We thought there was an |
|
| 31:27 | , he said about it's been about year of the concept of flow |
|
| 31:31 | S. A diagram is coming out walker tried to relate that to |
|
| 31:39 | It was all for Yeah, upper lower floor she the problem is particularly |
|
| 31:47 | of here. It doesn't work because the same moment, this is not |
|
| 31:53 | with sediment transport by turbulence. The idea, uh upper lower flow |
|
| 32:01 | The whole concepts of these definitions was on uni directional flow turbulence support. |
|
| 32:12 | other thing to know is that it rare to find a turbid ICT sequence |
|
| 32:21 | was complete. Really all bounded. this was just a short hand for |
|
| 32:27 | he was doing in the alps as was trying to describe thousands beds and |
|
| 32:33 | he did find is that the It was always in this sport. |
|
| 32:40 | never had a deep sleep, would mind? I haven't done anything. |
|
| 32:46 | you can have, yeah, base where you lost A C. |
|
| 32:55 | You could have truncated sequences we lost or you could have truncated and accepts |
|
| 33:07 | the T V C T A All these are possibilities. So here |
|
| 33:13 | got ta be, we got a T A grading into a parallel laminating |
|
| 33:21 | then there's some questions. Uh What this is here being sold, |
|
| 33:27 | it's really T. D. Or or separate events, I don't |
|
| 33:36 | Okay, but it's basically this course cutting. Okay, here we have |
|
| 33:44 | B TC. They cut out her . Yes. So that's or |
|
| 33:58 | The other thing that we got to about is talking about proximal turbine eyes |
|
| 34:05 | distal turbulence I guess. So, guys one Down Here Justified Agreement. |
|
| 34:13 | proximal my people. So the idea you can tell how close you were |
|
| 34:19 | be outlet, where deposition started to by looking at this. The problem |
|
| 34:26 | he thinks fan out worse than that sings are being deposited by on levies |
|
| 34:33 | well. So you might love him . All right now, T A |
|
| 34:43 | right next to T V E S at the same time, One being |
|
| 34:50 | levee spillover. Remember these things or 100 m, Huh? And then |
|
| 34:55 | channel. Okay. Nonetheless, it's useful to visualize uh This might be |
|
| 35:11 | and what we're looking at is the a million times in the successive dropping |
|
| 35:20 | basically impossible. Which is a feat protect. Yeah. So yeah, |
|
| 35:30 | deposition at the base is an easy to explain these contracts. Okay, |
|
| 35:37 | problem is that the more money this . A. Has always been a |
|
| 35:49 | . It's always been evening magic. so it turned out that part of |
|
| 35:56 | issue was that the turbine ized abdominal at in the alps were relatively find |
|
| 36:05 | finer grain uh whoa. Working in . I was working on course brain |
|
| 36:19 | and he found there was a lot sequences that had never been described um |
|
| 36:30 | . And so there are things brad sequenced traction traction And then six such |
|
| 36:43 | deposition suspension within these features. So of both water state structure associated more |
|
| 36:56 | with liquefied flows. And so we have succession after succession of these |
|
| 37:05 | Yeah. In fact, what he able was that there is a complete |
|
| 37:15 | from relative surface mandarins two, two or less massive sands, Two attraction |
|
| 37:27 | sands. And what he suggested. what's now pretty much acceptable is that |
|
| 37:39 | very upper part we'll see we'll get . It's lower is actually part of |
|
| 37:52 | larger sequence, particularly when they have you're settled. That's the result of |
|
| 37:58 | at the minimum high density turbidity So what are you saying is |
|
| 38:08 | A. One is a Yeah, can speak for you guys. Your |
|
| 38:17 | . V. Is a loaded troops that's gonna fit when we think back |
|
| 38:24 | the base cut out. Remember that density turbid. Aight rather than high |
|
| 38:30 | permitted current was at the bottom and gonna stop first. And then what's |
|
| 38:38 | is the higher than component. So he suggested was that we got this |
|
| 38:45 | dances a lot of dead to me down period and then you can compare |
|
| 38:52 | just like um So what Obama did was to have something that's kind of |
|
| 39:00 | that and all of this. of course you're going to and what |
|
| 39:07 | also going to see is increasing in of this stuff is actually going to |
|
| 39:11 | definitely the distinction between a high concentration current dead right. Is great. |
|
| 39:19 | so not as surprised. There will people that will be arguing where should |
|
| 39:24 | that cut. So now we can back to that. Yeah. Very |
|
| 39:31 | . Is the creative official uh It's . Okay, so the mainly scouring |
|
| 39:39 | long as this is a chance relatively something is gonna happen though reaches |
|
| 39:45 | So we'll deal with that. But basically get something disclosure And then 500 |
|
| 39:56 | . So this is a deposition Right, okay. And you can |
|
| 40:03 | the different types of the office. the types of brilliant sequences. Base |
|
| 40:11 | out with you. Uh that I don't like t A. |
|
| 40:17 | But wide spectrum these core spring So we're looking at And so hence |
|
| 40:29 | to transformation. Do turbulence. You , there were no longer saying my |
|
| 40:38 | heard that. Yeah, we're looking this school. Get right transitional high |
|
| 40:50 | . Too difficult. The traditional no to be true. Yeah. |
|
| 40:59 | up in those parts were still looking me, rose horse trading TurboTax by |
|
| 41:08 | german experts. Now, almost as turned up us are me. And |
|
| 41:22 | if you go far enough, because times are basically much and silk. |
|
| 41:31 | are the distal portions. These turbulent . They've got their own terminology. |
|
| 41:40 | right. I don't care. But imagine you've got all right, and |
|
| 41:50 | people, but still Yeah. So would be a just lent. So |
|
| 42:03 | let's go back to this. If going to restrict ourselves to be a |
|
| 42:07 | flow turbulence, we can actually look that same diagram that we have been |
|
| 42:14 | at before blower planer ends up What was that here? Remember when |
|
| 42:30 | was trying to piece this together, put the T. A. Into |
|
| 42:38 | thank you dude, we didn't really like. But now we got engaged |
|
| 42:45 | steps. Well, as we enable to look more closely at modern day |
|
| 42:51 | systems and ancient makes insists we see there are examples. Uh Super critical |
|
| 43:04 | this finally the So where do you those? Well, get into the |
|
| 43:14 | companion with candles. Get up at channel, low transitions and you get |
|
| 43:24 | on what, where there's been still . So let's critical look at those |
|
| 43:33 | kick bed for we talked about these , this is flowing destruction. |
|
| 43:42 | erosion front sign position in the backside these presented platforms migrating extreme. And |
|
| 43:59 | we look at this one of those , we're basically looking at there. |
|
| 44:07 | was slowly seek scoured man uh, there's a moving like this. What |
|
| 44:18 | have is that job supercritical. What the deposition Initially 107 misery. |
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| 44:31 | Uh, so It was seven This so we looked at earlier will |
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| 44:41 | signed steps. It's basically see So this is the type seven. |
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| 44:51 | is an example of what looks like a submarine hit. And then just |
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| 45:01 | are some examples of these 3D uh, turbine drops. Yeah. |
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| 45:12 | there's another place for this covers get a hydraulic joke. You want |
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| 45:19 | changes. So that genius could be step. What could be from channels |
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| 45:27 | world where the channels are coming So you get this job the opposition |
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| 45:36 | self. It's basically now being a Yeah. Depending on awesome. You |
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| 45:46 | actually have deposition. Oh for the scour public steps in a deposition. |
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| 45:58 | going to look at this in light the jet flock. This is very |
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| 46:03 | to what selling delta where you had flu and you had this jet. |
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| 46:09 | with this scour tongue, his presented around it with rapid deposition. We'll |
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| 46:19 | back to this the one of the that people asked. Why did you |
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| 46:32 | a deposition by the way here. . Here there's an offset between deposition |
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| 46:41 | . So this is what we call low efficiency now to be long fishes |
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| 46:52 | hear these Loma. Sure. Uh argument goes that the mud gives you |
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| 47:02 | concentration, sediment concentration stays in the so uh sure allow. Yeah. |
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| 47:14 | . He two big current to go . Conversely, if there's only sand |
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| 47:20 | quickly it just drops it. So would be a deposition world that is |
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| 47:26 | to the so angry. On the hand, we can have what are |
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| 47:36 | high efficiency set of clubs that are from that breaking story. And it's |
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| 47:47 | that So we actually get across from . It shows guns migrating down, |
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| 47:58 | we can get them. We can get upstream migrating anti dudes. So |
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| 48:06 | are two settings the slow slow bread then you can the site click step |
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| 48:18 | to get upper phone regime traction Okay, lets that kind of do |
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| 48:27 | . We got this fine grain turning immediately. Brain classic. I mean |
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| 48:35 | course was for what it starts at top. You have these bed |
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| 48:42 | Yeah. Okay, so what we've here this lower zone even though it's |
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| 48:49 | this well turbidity current. It's really their place, laminar flow matrix |
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| 48:59 | It is really another world. So got these multiple support processes very within |
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| 49:08 | single floor. Remember this floor? the net result is it gives us |
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| 49:17 | very different kind of part sometimes called mud stones. This is actually saving |
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| 49:27 | . Well, these pebbles are floating a sandy naked. Yes. So |
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| 49:34 | make rick strength is a major factor getting the support you have this while |
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| 49:42 | . Now, when we start talking processes other than, oh, we |
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| 49:51 | about liquefy closed off. Well, is a process by which you can |
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| 49:59 | . Corporation. I wish you can fluid escape by which you're going to |
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| 50:04 | . So these are clearly processes that help support said even in the absence |
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| 50:14 | turtles, liquefaction really is effective process with relatively well sorted non cohesive |
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| 50:25 | So this is a non cohesive different some of the features that you get |
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| 50:32 | you look at your face. But get the dish structures and you get |
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| 50:38 | state pipes. Yes, the Yeah, these are all features that |
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| 50:47 | associated with liquefaction. So here would an example. We've got something okay |
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| 50:58 | this here. You get these little thing. What? These are already |
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| 51:03 | down here that have been broken up upward migrating flow. So think of |
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| 51:15 | as having been originally horizontal and just of been is flowing through this |
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| 51:25 | Again. Some of the pillars when you might get uh Oh yeah. |
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| 51:30 | with a sandy Deborah. Mm So uh, this says cohesive |
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| 51:43 | Uh huh Yeah. The distinction between piece of sandy generally. Uh huh |
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| 51:56 | often a floating Oh yeah. In absence of the evidence of liquefaction. |
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| 52:08 | . So here we've got, large brains, floating makers, core |
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| 52:16 | . Gotta have some shares on down . Uh, there's a whole series |
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| 52:24 | discussions about the types of bottom cast flute cast broadcast, uh, that |
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| 52:32 | associated with these and they can make thick and although we think of them |
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| 52:39 | being the non reservoirs and they're not greatest. They're Sandy equivalents can be |
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| 52:47 | good reservoirs. So just because it's devil, it doesn't mean necessarily you |
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| 52:52 | write at all, wow. And said that the more money it |
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| 52:58 | the more funny started it is the likely is going to be seen. |
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| 53:04 | it again with the example matrix supported brain how he said jefferson mhm yeah |
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| 53:24 | in verse and moment rating the criminal , that's one save. Well, |
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| 53:36 | particular unit is a submarine canyon exposure California. So we tend to get |
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| 53:45 | based on large for security deposit. , another example here there is are |
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| 53:54 | flooding, it's a little more about there and this one confuses because that |
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| 54:05 | saying, but money, their rights their field. Uh huh But the |
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| 54:13 | decorates and it's exposed here predominantly The doorman said Sandy nature. This |
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| 54:25 | one of those transitions. I'm not how that all this is Sandy deadline |
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| 54:31 | it's clear that was appointed sorted. , we tend to resist but standing |
|
| 54:42 | . So this is one of those zones that we get into with gravitational |
|
| 54:50 | . Getting its gravitational products couple of cigarettes, magic, clean sand can |
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| 54:59 | caused by Sandy the great ones. can also be positive and maybe more |
|
| 55:08 | . My identity turbidity currents. It take much of a change in the |
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| 55:15 | mind to completely all durable flow support and upon and what everybody is is |
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| 55:25 | realizes that good turban night model it turned out an hour ago are |
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| 55:37 | no longer the new But there's this variation Now one very who's sitting |
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| 55:47 | It should be called hybrid events. these phones it looks like it's sediment |
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| 55:57 | grab. It can make you They vary formally. In addition, |
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| 56:08 | her to a decent espresso the flow . Oh, one of the things |
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| 56:19 | happens is we're getting the corporation of like erosion. There's all sorts of |
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| 56:26 | that are going on that for causing is due back before and basically had |
|
| 56:39 | . Yes. See that one high into other clothing or money. He |
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| 56:49 | much more so here we have this actually group considered high debts. They |
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| 56:59 | this will be like tomorrow increasing mud coming in from the ocean defined, |
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| 57:08 | the top and cohesive. So here's example. Turkey recognize the devil |
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| 57:18 | We've got to expedite Dept right back their uh not came from Germany. |
|
| 57:25 | we began to realize that a lot these variations that we thought were |
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| 57:31 | Three different flows were really the same and more specifically the same event as |
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| 57:43 | right is but is the loaded incorporated the system because multiple partitioning flow and |
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| 58:02 | process. This is the normal identity . Yeah, yeah. Changes. |
|
| 58:16 | . Mhm. So dear to I dance. It was not from |
|
| 58:22 | here is hoping you're gonna reach this case is sandy debris for isn't |
|
| 58:33 | Uh huh I want to point out . So the lawsuit when we were |
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| 58:42 | with police is driven sand. The is plot and the sheer he's right |
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| 58:51 | the base. Which is one reason you got shear zones right at the |
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| 59:00 | here. This is moving is a with maximum velocity here decreased. So |
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| 59:14 | flow profiles are very different and therefore vertical sequence deposition is different. I'm |
|
| 59:22 | going to go in this. I this just for you to be able |
|
| 59:25 | look at actually asia but this describes processes that some of the scripture beds |
|
| 59:33 | how you interpret it center. The thing I wouldn't know is that what |
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| 59:42 | looking at and go from let's say high density, triple density too hybrid |
|
| 59:51 | to money Devil is an increase in clay. Therefore the decrease in the |
|
| 60:00 | permeability. So one of the characteristics that you're looking for reservoir high from |
|
| 60:10 | building for us. This issue. huh ideally you would like something of |
|
| 60:16 | area. What's your experience? And good news is because we have vertical |
|
| 60:22 | , we can get a lot high , sediment possible from multiple flows, |
|
| 60:32 | will be accepted sections C So, , these models are rather these examples |
|
| 60:46 | extremely important in defining reservoir properties There's one thing called the negative night |
|
| 60:55 | , this is clearly not a turbidity it is a very large degree in |
|
| 61:04 | cases of mass transport conference is taking large pieces. This is basically slump |
|
| 61:12 | moved across the basic so this, came off the El capitan reads |
|
| 61:19 | that's in the middle of it and are decent given this uh but these |
|
| 61:25 | big marker events. So these remember we said slumps and that initiates the |
|
| 61:33 | of the cycle. This is the of their slop. Now, the |
|
| 61:41 | thing I wanna nations, they they a type of turbidity currents but there |
|
| 61:47 | clearly different in that their vertical They release mm They can vary coarsening |
|
| 62:01 | novels and they can very in sickness well as vertical secrets because as we |
|
| 62:14 | about earlier, they have developed a news sluts. So these floods these |
|
| 62:21 | can be in flood for weeks or with a lot of variants. So |
|
| 62:26 | general seems this is a flood hydrographic increasing the discharge philosophy decrease, but |
|
| 62:37 | are variations within it. So we're a little bit of depths issue during |
|
| 62:44 | painted. Accelerating government phase. All and my ass. Last week we |
|
| 62:53 | this critical first sent. Yeah. then deceleration and deposition. Wonder down |
|
| 63:02 | friends. Yeah. So you can of burdens here namely gets a little |
|
| 63:14 | , maybe implosion or something. And then once begins down here for |
|
| 63:22 | are some of the various Yeah. of what they look like. They're |
|
| 63:27 | simple now. Yes. Okay. . Um, in this particular case |
|
| 63:45 | don't have enough sediment in suspension to a high uh, this is a |
|
| 63:53 | pick. Uh, here we get 17 suspension. We have to get |
|
| 64:02 | stanford turned loose. Now, notice we're getting. If we're getting that |
|
| 64:09 | Is one of the spots. Mm . We might see things like this |
|
| 64:20 | not finding out these forces fighting. you see it the then section |
|
| 64:31 | You can see here where you're climbing going into plain denomination going back to |
|
| 64:37 | ripples. It can be meters And these are some of the characteristics |
|
| 64:46 | you cannot let you look at it leave. But these are, it's |
|
| 64:49 | to keep in mind how they are , both in origin and look with |
|
| 64:59 | traditional turbine turbine nights and turbidity These are not single event. They |
|
| 65:08 | long lasting long lived river induced Okay. And the other thing that's |
|
| 65:18 | little different contracts. I used to talk about those, uh, began |
|
| 65:24 | realize that this conference major reservoirs fields they're more and more being recognized. |
|
| 65:34 | huh basically you're looking at reworking Sandy , my bottom, there's actually a |
|
| 65:43 | of different kinds of bottom permits. , but you get to watch their |
|
| 65:50 | currents, just stroking currents more or parallel the slow. So we can |
|
| 65:55 | of letting deposition or material in this out Away from the lady hit up |
|
| 66:05 | three words by these bottom crux. there's a variety of different kinds of |
|
| 66:13 | that you expect. But what you see is that there will be, |
|
| 66:18 | , relatively thin sand get foreign waning . Uh, they're going to be |
|
| 66:28 | directionally current group, the little mud . And so here we can see |
|
| 66:38 | variety things that look a lot like we saw really with naturalistic Betty. |
|
| 66:46 | got a particular getting pleasure that you basically oh, Prosperi attraction suspension. |
|
| 66:58 | that when we look at this, basically is the deep water closet that |
|
| 67:10 | been cut by suddenly champ. These the levee that all this and more |
|
| 67:18 | many directional courtesy replied angles to the . So these are how consciousness. |
|
| 67:28 | . In some cases they are almost Frazier Betty and I noticed that in |
|
| 67:40 | we get very what you may not is that there are tidal currents on |
|
| 67:50 | seats or box in those tidal currents generate series of deposits that looks very |
|
| 68:00 | like titles like deposits even to the . Okay. Double mud rapes that |
|
| 68:09 | get in time. There are other grace. And this is just to |
|
| 68:19 | you that we've actually known that their parts at least in channel something channels |
|
| 68:25 | a long time. Uh where we lawsuits to half a meter per second |
|
| 68:32 | Evan flow in the summary change. we knew they were currents. We |
|
| 68:41 | , I didn't think to look carefully some of these contra rights. So |
|
| 68:49 | this particular example, the suggestion that considering species trap as we go introducing |
|
| 69:01 | and inflow direction, mud standing out and more inter vetted Sam's spending out |
|
| 69:11 | more and more inter vetted with. So it might be something these diagrams |
|
| 69:21 | again, remember we're dealing with uni parts. Not today. Yeah, |
|
| 69:29 | . As we'll see later, some these are actually major fields. |
|
| 69:35 | so let's take a break. Um turn off the |
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