VideoPoints

• ••• • •• • ••••• • •
GEOL6358 Terrigenous Depositional System - Day4 10-02-2021-Part2
Help Tour
© Distribution of this video is restricted by its owner
Transcript ×
Auto highlight
Font-size
00:00 Yes. Okay. You are you're up over there, is it?
00:08 that working? Yeah. Okay. . Okay let's talk about the aeolian
00:15 . This isn't a complete list. again as before, I haven't tried
00:22 update this entirely, it just gets complicated but the second. Okay.
00:38 . Yeah. Okay. Uh It was a very okay. Uh
00:51 why do we care about the only to of course the hydrocarbon reservoirs,
00:55 they're also aquifers? Uh They're also a climatic indicators. Uh And they
01:03 in some cases issues related to it's on the roof. So from
01:08 lot of different perspectives were interested in . One of the things to remind
01:14 is that there's a lot of information engineering and agricultural literature as well as
01:21 geological literature that we can call on time to time. Uh So what
01:25 you need to get an accumulation of only deposits? And I'm thinking mainly
01:30 sam uh because we have thick accumulations worse, which is windblown silt of
01:39 I'm kind of ignoring that. I to look about thick accumulations of potentially
01:45 calling centre. So you need to supply, we need to have something
01:49 in that could be a river or or beach. It could be late
01:55 an outlaw which we'll see several examples those might be the case. Uh
02:01 sediment has to be available and what means is uh it's not stabilized by
02:08 , is not uh cemented. Uh is dry wet sand doesn't transport uh
02:18 it's going to be a course leg you can't transport anything course serving uh
02:25 granule to fund to stay there for . So uh just because you have
02:32 sand supply. This I mean it's to be transported. Then ultimately,
02:38 got to have the transport situation where can basically, once you get it
02:46 and it stopped. So it's going have a reason stop to decelerate.
02:52 . And so part of this where wind drops down, but there's other
02:56 . So let's look at sentiment And I think mainly about desserts for
03:01 second because certainly that's where most of santa. So we can look at
03:08 diagram. We look at it forward to latitude or variation. And uh
03:17 . And we basically have uh warm zone, jeffers hot.
03:26 profits many of the sub tropical on . Colorist depression. What that means
03:32 that at least for some of our , they're going to be right
03:38 Sahar, Vivian for the Mhm. in Australia. So so what brazil
03:50 again, brazil. Well, I I don't Yeah, that's a uh
04:00 huh. How about you? Uh part of the distribution of global deficits
04:08 is that they are in the semiarid grief. But you also notice that
04:13 lot of desserts here here here that not tied to the subtropical nose with
04:25 should add Poland desert just not shown . So let's look at the types
04:30 desert. So tropical threat we want rain shadows. Another. That's,
04:36 example, here in the desert there postal districts. Okay. Uh,
04:44 here here. Here come up. , there are polar deserts. Deserts
04:53 always, oh, it just means precipitation. Okay, so here would
04:58 our subtropical high pressure desserts. Here a rain shadow desert telling the
05:07 Here is a coastal desert there and is a coastal desert really thomas.
05:21 , what I haven't talked about and not going to talk about are coastal
05:28 or more specifically the dooms associated not desserts but with a lot of
05:35 There are really interesting areas where you get sand deposits are fairly large that
05:43 don't have time to talk about. those are areas that or where you've
05:50 basically a lot of sand, usually river, uh, sands coming back
05:55 . You have these relatively large. that's just on a mission, I'll
06:01 you up front. The other thing that when you look at these sometimes
06:05 sand seas or urge, uh, area of active or potentially active really
06:13 , uh, this is really a area that are fixed and better
06:21 they're fixed today. They were active previous climate, including the previous highs
06:28 . So we see here that Nebraska , and then here's a text.
06:37 you. Uh, over here, in south Carolina hans industry here.
06:51 we're going to look at some of reasons why these desserts are, are
06:58 and also realized that some of the are seeing maybe relic features. Now
07:04 you look at a sediment budget, you like setting route yourself in
07:10 uh, you have water admits. . The waters are going to give
07:16 the stuff you talked about rubio fans general, legs, legs separate.
07:21 . Uh, the wind will give the only And it also supplied
07:31 So we're going to be looking at wanna aspect but realize that this is
07:38 arbitrary distinction. So we are likely get the aeolian deposits in conjunction with
07:45 other features as well. So just alluvial fans and desserts or rather alluvial
07:53 and lakes were put together. we can see the lakes and the
07:57 deposits can be put together as Now, not all desserts mean large
08:05 of ST In the Simpson Desert. 50 of the sentiment is sand.
08:13 , you know, holiday, it's 2%. That is in part the
08:18 why would when we talk about desserts mind at least in America goes to
08:28 valley. A little bit of fans it licks. Uh, but I
08:33 some libyans in this course a few ago and they couldn't understand why I
08:38 talking about Louisville fans. Everybody knows or sam sand dudes. And so
08:43 a lot of variation within what is the desert. So this gives just
08:48 example, ahora Bolivia. Look at much sad state. We're all,
08:58 all suffer our cultural biases, including geological cultural biases. Now, if
09:04 look at air versus water, you've some pretty significant differences. The biggest
09:10 is the difference and therefore relative. , if you look at the buoyant
09:20 , if you look at the fall , if you look at the
09:27 you get large differences, the fall , you know? Yeah, employer
09:40 25, 30 times slow here. , The moment In water is 53
09:51 smaller. Then what this means is processes that are transporting and depositing these
10:04 are different in particular momentum. Special net buoyancy is just uh, not
10:11 fact. Man to man to Okay, so let's see how that
10:17 shape up. If we look at winds lost a necessary to, to
10:23 sediment in motion right. Uh, we looked at absolutely, yeah,
10:33 . Uh, with glossy superior especially on, so we're going to
10:41 able to get the sediment transport one least losing much more easily,
10:51 than in water because of impact. huh. And the impact occurs from
10:58 creates in air pollution too, reputation, which I think of like
11:05 balls one ball bounces off onto Yeah. Uh, so siltation is
11:13 a major factor. Air to air . I talked about earlier describing how
11:23 no water buffer because the air is low density compared to water. And
11:32 you get a lot of collisions, get a lot around this and you've
11:36 a lot of impact related structures. . Um so one of the things
11:44 look at is salvation athletics and that's to be related to brain size and
11:52 length. And eventually we do get patients getting into suspension. Oh,
12:02 this stuff does get into suspension, fun itself, we can go on
12:07 a long period of time. This cells here tens of forms.
12:14 medium silt, thousands of so what looking at is sand here and then
12:24 wind, large drifts of aeolian silks , but that's worse. So I'm
12:31 going to talk about loose. Uh than to say it's a locally major
12:39 . It's awesome. Not so much reservoirs, we'll leave it at
12:44 Okay, now Mhm. Like in , the transport of sand uh can
12:57 ripples, but now here here we a major difference because the ripples are
13:06 to impact. Uh huh. Everybody the siltation for particular grain sizes,
13:14 logistics for in the end velocity. what happens is you've got all sorts
13:23 brothers or anything from very high, well, there's just a shadow here's
13:32 post separation about there's a shadows and you get formal on the upper
13:41 Okay. And what that means is yeah, you have the impacts on
13:50 , shadow down here, I need have course your graves here and you
13:57 hear the shells and what that translates Is in 1st grade. So when
14:08 look at the ripple migration, single translation. Uh huh. You're not
14:18 happy or set. It is moving you don't get this real estate
14:28 It seems you get interest group and not very tall. I did because
14:36 height of what they're called ballistic Rickles relatively low. So if we compare
14:46 versus submarine ripples. Uh huh. at the difference for some new
14:56 Um hi is typically humility. So were crippled finding our I 40 millimeters
15:08 more. Uh, you get the forces, You have the potential for
15:13 here few years here. Yeah. , so this is a, a
15:21 diagram to recall as we think about way in which we distinguish aeolian versus
15:31 , so they are now serve a . The Raiders scenario like so there
15:39 also has two graphs And this is 4th stick to three. You really
15:50 . And so if we look at dunes, we get this case of
15:55 and then superimpose bed forms to different are very much more common here.
16:02 in the subject. Now, if look at dooms and let's go back
16:10 to look at the process is basically uh, we've got rain falls,
16:21 got avalanches or great flow, we winter and bulls and translate. Well
16:28 we have reactivation services. Is a that shapes the for set but isn't
16:38 giving you the deposit. Uh There's of erosion. Yeah. And I
16:45 this before basically here's the call his secret sales. So this is the
16:57 as when it was over this. is giving translate stress. I don't
17:04 anything to show um reactivation services But these are the main processes by
17:11 the individual lamination or Uh strike Okay, so let's look at Great
17:18 1st. Uh huh. Typically state basically going off the 100 from long
17:31 suspension course of material. The Yeah. There's not much of a
17:41 process here. So there's not much a distinct texture criteria to recognize the
17:51 . So they're very interesting. That's to say they are uniform thickness planer
17:58 . Um Quite interesting. Uh Hacking kind of in between. Okay,
18:06 the best, not the worst. you notice the speaker at the
18:11 If I was going to happen, gets steeper and steeper and steeper.
18:16 so now when they fail, you grain float. There is another cause
18:29 , see they're sick, Mattingly inversely graded, particularly or variably graded
18:42 coursing down there and they get the permanent building philosophy. We ordered 45%
18:50 backing. So if we look at grain flows, we can see that
19:00 reworked a lot of the great So there are a variety of variables
19:09 determine the relative extent of preservation, grain fall. Uh, but they're
19:18 not as combination thing because of, so much potential rework. Now.
19:26 we look at this is not your cut. Um, what we say
19:35 this, you, here's the situation fall. If something happens here are
19:46 avalanche concepts. See how they're kind discontinuous. Each of them were and
19:54 there's just no intervening. It's Now when you look at these
20:08 this nation, he's got this time from the division deposition. This is
20:17 watch board on the basis. And it's very much like a avalanche
20:26 landslide. Yes. I'm not getting this degree of detail except to just
20:33 that this is pretty common and this why to basically might help your time
20:43 do notice hell down here. Yeah. Well, these are older
20:51 fault that are temporarily being true by . Older rent flows to rarely being
21:03 by younger men forms. Yeah. you can see some of the
21:10 Yeah, no, one of the this suggests that there sigh click variations
21:21 wind patterns that will preferentially concern one the other. This isn't the great
21:27 and one of the things we know is that there is reversing wins some
21:33 things. So, uh, there you go strike out uh,
21:43 they sent john okay. Uh, cross section, uh, kind of
21:49 baited. Uh, in some if you stamp lightly cemented is actually
21:59 . This is more typical in coastal where there's enough humidity that slumps and
22:08 well formed during the avalanches in a dry desert. You get these green
22:14 . Yeah. So here's another example of showing these, this is for
22:22 complete you All of these are three our section is great flow. Now
22:32 we go down to the toe, see these things hinging up and in
22:41 the these are translated. So this way boom or rather wind ripples that
22:52 inter bedded with grain and slopes. thing here where exactly really flows.
23:04 , when translated struck. So let's back to this. Yes,
23:14 I was translating strap. Therefore the of ripple migration technically self critical complete
23:27 . Not 43 but you cannot see invading forces where napoleon between says types
23:41 uh, this is really mainly restricted some basis. This is bathing suit
23:52 center. Now what happens is you rights and you still to hear
23:57 Uh you've got the wind blowing and will often below parallel pickets large the
24:06 . It will wrap around little parallel something so we can have much more
24:16 in Brooklyn, the this is What it's doing is giving us it's
24:26 going back to here here and visualized down, thanks and here we have
24:35 individual of course enough secrets. But matter still uh these are typically low
24:44 features most commonly at least as preserved on the backside of slaughter a couple
24:51 millimeters very distinct. There's a lot vertical heterogeneity in army building Up to
25:02 . Yes. Uh huh And it the lowest folks packing but in
25:09 So these are not good. Well not good portions of a reservoir
25:18 Uh and so here are some of translate strength. Of course you're trying
25:28 get a hit that maybe there's some sets here but pretty much what I
25:43 . Yeah its skin. Uh sometimes are called pinstripe examinations. Yeah.
25:54 and again the colour differences. The socks. Uh and in some cases
26:01 the color difference Israel players. In cases it's less program. So if
26:08 were to look at wind ripple bringing no spring fall is not here,
26:16 because it's not that. Uh, the party don't we hear stuff seven
26:26 And it is two Galaxies mm here credibility. Oh with grain flow from
26:38 $100 million. Six years first. . The rest of the down to
26:47 . Yeah. So in a variety said it we see ready for rain
26:58 and others. Yeah. Now the service is a little harder to show
27:05 its programming and over statements and then reversed before migrating. So versus is
27:15 cap they her breaking that with So what we have our series of
27:30 sets and lower enforcement. Yeah. So this is only up here reversal
27:43 doesn't have any reservations. We got preservation down here joseph. So what
27:56 that look like? Well, it like this. Yeah. Uh
28:03 We've got pro gradation, truncation, gradation truncation. No gradation location.
28:21 gradation location. So these are were services which as you might expect,
28:30 beginning to same ways of packaging these So this is going to be a
28:35 surface. We just have to decide to call. Here's another one.
28:39 , notice first of all, see these are are kind of waving so
28:46 translating strength and then see how this truncated. This is truncated,
28:54 That's a real activation services. Now point here is that look at the
28:59 in segmentation and that's why one is up more than the other. Um
29:08 is we're beginning to segment a partition it into different high and low
29:17 . I love termini, delicate back front. Okay, so we'll come
29:22 to that but clearly uh this area it's more submitted. It's going to
29:29 back to the bathroom simply we do seasonal packages. Uh so it may
29:44 reactivation or in some cases just be velocity local, lost in each
29:52 We've got potential or package is somewhat second. There's another feature that we
30:05 in the aeolian deposits. Uh we get it in any highly permeable
30:12 particularly aeolian is called the dissipation And basically mug I'm sorry, More
30:20 clay having been deposit on top infiltrates and gives these metal bands.
30:30 so the, during heavy rains and those little dissipation bands are kind of
30:38 soil lies is uh they're going to Up to 15% more click. We're
30:48 to come back to that later because turns out that or that process of
30:55 clay can actually be good or certain of da genetic changes. Uh Now
31:05 I only put this in because I'm at how much information is, can
31:12 put into the diagram like this. It's just merits looking at to kind
31:20 see everything. I've just said. will not ask you to draw
31:29 but it's a useful diagram to think the various ways which sediment is
31:39 Now, I talked about superimposed bed , we've got ripples on dooms.
31:46 here are mega dues or what's sometimes draws in china. Look at the
31:54 . These have a wavelength of four Heights over 100 m and then superimposed
32:03 them are smaller dues on the order of 600 m. Okay, so
32:12 got multiple transfers bed forms. In , when we look at them,
32:20 tend to see this very large separation ripples versus din, but notice there's
32:28 and draws uh on one hand this , it may not be real,
32:35 there are clearly situation for at the place. You have two or 3
32:43 for what we call dunes larger Okay. Call Okay. It's not
32:49 clear why we have things like We'll talk a little bit more about
32:54 a little later. Uh but I use the term for all to be
33:01 larger do for compound in for that the games we more typically think about
33:12 . We can also correlate or rather dunes based on morphology. Is it
33:20 longitudinal to the wind direction. Come then. Well, actually look at
33:26 of those. We'll look at star and linear dams, crescent dunes.
33:37 The specific classification, I don't use . Yeah. As specifically as it
33:46 suggest, but we're going to use in terms of getting a feeling of
33:51 relationship to the wind. Uh Be mainly uni direction of multidirectional. So
33:57 look at uni directional winds. We variety of types of games. Um
34:05 are with those contact or anything sometimes Roy transfer soon. A fair
34:18 So those are 34 games that were likely to get. And Union direction
34:27 for multi direction organs. Uh We to get bigger. Many or games
34:38 for reversing. You get variations But I'll be in an example.
34:47 we're going to look at different settings forget these any directional person market retro
34:56 . Uh and we're going to look any direction there's we're gonna look it's
35:01 safe. The white sands is maybe used as kind of a Mongolian face
35:10 track but it's a really well documented . What here we got white sands
35:18 we're here to change uh within the rows of basin and based in range
35:27 received white sand over here. I to thank you all here. This
35:37 and what we have to remember is this is the area completely looks Louisville
35:46 from one of those legs that fill the glacial video and what are now
35:52 mainly dry lake beds. Uh the periods. And if we will get
36:00 turns out it was like the Yeah. You scared no pretty much
36:10 out there where we are. Uh . As the weather got more human
36:21 very between different glacial periods and also the relationship. Wow, we saw
36:30 legs going up. Mm hmm. this particular this maximum would have been
36:38 . Great or terrible drive up. is this is all on the slept
36:47 . This is perfect. It's and we look at that is there was
36:56 uh huh There's a certain all this here, the dried lake that those
37:08 the source area for the white ST when you looked at here is that
37:15 like hard to imagine this is all left like that northern new Mexico.
37:22 in the chill are and when we're this direction have given us the great
37:32 is today protected and more protected on rich. So in either case uh
37:42 have special protection. And as we at this transition from uh implanted
37:50 a place to get the engineer of daily barking transfers to radiant department and
38:00 as we go latter what's happened with first the beginning to see patterns,
38:09 scale patterns as to which dooms occur this larger Now the dog views well
38:23 really very fast. They are composed Gipson. I might add as you
38:32 with the white sands fart you get reports source or down here's the chips
38:40 these very quickly uh convert from those to blocking. Yeah. Mhm.
38:55 the bark annoyed ridges. 13 leaders strong wind I said in the supply
39:05 what age? 10 thing. Now as those great down wind they
39:13 from transfers to block. Can the can still fairly strong men but more
39:21 set why they don't move as And this is an example market and
39:33 of the things that no is that at this here. This is basically
39:44 half this dude uh as it is Yeah the reason why it's preserved like
39:54 is this got a high water tape no the wind can only blow down
40:03 him. Hello and notice it's vegetated here. So this is gonna be
40:11 introduce surface are working something now extremely . The part hand dares great into
40:30 politics downward. They form at the of the dim field and they're anchored
40:38 vegetation and so they move very And what happens is yeah, Small
40:49 of seven lower boxes. And so just kind of a look with uh
41:00 these are the examples of our So in large scale again, you
41:08 this trans first terrible. Okay, that the state line. So this
41:21 us to the first generalizations and as go from source. Yeah, I'm
41:28 . You see increasing wind velocity, sentiment, supply increasing and sort of
41:36 . So, you know, walking , that's actually a good general
41:45 Now it's a little more complicated than because this is actually quite are if
41:52 a change on that issue. Uh actually like mm So when right,
42:03 up this zone here, this um At 78 km. Where do migration
42:16 to the point where vegetation can There's a number set up and this
42:26 letter is getting slower and slower. so the sheer strips highest here,
42:35 do you think until some place along fixed. So we know that there
42:46 our boundary layers of different types of . They are particularly impressive. There
42:53 be multiple boundary layers that reflect to , different scales. Uh Organ uh
43:03 in drawing types, Oh, he's lot less clear uh with atmospheric down
43:12 that would war. But this bark hairball transitions some critical threshold.
43:24 now, terms of sedimentary structures, , The trans first dinner, it's
43:29 to be mainly four sets interrupted by reactivation in cross section because it's not
43:42 transfer. This is kind of way with the bar cans. Uh they're
43:54 as hot, more very and if look at cross section, feel
44:06 this is closer truck, possibly, a larger scale mhm. And then
44:16 these these some days I'm not going focus on much because they're really pretty
44:23 , but they are going to be one margin of the genteel with the
44:30 wallet, which I don't have an here, you know. Okay,
44:37 , if we look at a bar dune in more detail, we can
44:41 to see we complexity of patterns. here is the only remaining um wave
44:59 wave uh rain fall here, is all brain flow. And here
45:14 strap. So you can see that going to be relatively small amount of
45:25 , lot of grain flow, but a fingering with translating straight in the
45:34 . Yes. So what we kind see here is a cross section,
45:43 , we see translating strata, maybe little grain flow, but mainly
45:51 mainly a little bit of brain but mainly grain flow. So
46:02 here's a cross section that is useful think about largely if this thing is
46:11 and the grain flow won't make it . So we've got when ripples
46:22 Unlike sir, now if this thing trump, didn't, you may only
46:29 this much. So it's not a America I for set is going to
46:38 people do or less than set six bar pants this especially because there's a
46:46 of cool space between I'm your Look at a small here, the
46:57 flow makes it all the way to air. Now it's another section.
47:06 Yeah. So we actually have a describe a package. Well, the
47:18 difference is in part based on the of right, we're the bigger,
47:30 though we have a package that's the bigger jeans are going to be
47:37 wind ripples, smaller dudes, even it's the same thing, I think
47:42 will be more of a range. it's useful to try to be able
47:47 reconstruct what that damn was because in places it may have been launched.
47:52 , these are clearly wants. oh, but this gets back to
47:59 , push what controls the thickness of set and what is control this color
48:14 ? Why is it that the Lord this said different colors of the,
48:26 . Well what's true controlling it is course initially higher that just as we
48:35 with the baby and a lot of being trumpeted. So I don't know
48:42 you go back to this time shows which is trump hated. We're not
48:51 we know these days at least this . But now look at the top
49:01 first thing the market is strong mm preferentially some two more like this with
49:12 look at these locations. That's also to be variations in bed. Is
49:25 giving you down researches that are so were less committed. Many courses
49:34 So there's just a lot of information information about the lateral vertical heterogeneity
49:46 Now we're talking about this here. was uh oh step back please.
49:58 but the key is that you typically get high anything we get some
50:09 This is a solution yet. These not say the bar games. What
50:19 it? This is a with the smoothness. Mhm. Look at different
50:31 in the examples now in this example sediment supply is limited when we get
50:41 in our world. They do. so we have a large intervene on
50:51 corroborating part in the savings. So did they look? They look like
51:00 ? What we're looking at? It active last we're getting a little preservation
51:07 that sources as it migrates across. does this one look like? Well
51:14 actually bears while we may have a . Remember I said that the course
51:22 process our two forced to be transported when they can do by surface cream
51:31 that's it. So basically this is base uh in some cases you get
51:38 meeting pipe. Okay, particularly damp wet. We get an asian reptiles
51:51 kind of Hello that occurs for it's of dead. The adhesion of
52:01 Mhm mm are really distinct when you them cool like go do you long
52:15 but they're really kind of hard to . You don't know. Right,
52:23 , here's the case. So trying he goes from somebody quits. Uh
52:36 What is this? What you mm are he and asian ripped Okay.
52:47 I don't understand this process but what does basically you've got course creeping sing
52:57 bucks, you know like an anti builds up in the opposite direction.
53:08 and so when does this for Is that treaty? You look for
53:17 world if you see this like a cross it 15 but its alternation of
53:27 find safe. Yeah, I've never this in effect. Now I'll also
53:34 honest haven't looked that close but this not common picture but where you're going
53:40 find it will be in the energy process. So we basically dry interviews
53:48 interdependence wet and I'm not going to in for the difference but it turns
53:54 the inter dunes tend to be a bounding surface between potential reservoirs and potential
54:03 and a lot of characteristics. I . Right? Almost that's not
54:09 Not important with the scores. So that is kind of a spectrum
54:14 world to get at least transfers to can too Well what about these other
54:24 ? Yeah let's look at when you it. These are commonly so
54:36 And this I'm sorry maybe invasion libyan as well. Okay, large notice
54:45 gets transferred. Mm uh it gets little complicated because notices days are spilling
54:57 this side. This side. This these are really complicated features and in
55:04 big picture of things 20 m high he thinks of these are large
55:12 Uh huh. There are some of days there are 100 m high.
55:17 of the starred in 300. Thank . Oh another thing just you know
55:31 or dens are actually the most That's and that's got a lot because
55:38 know we don't see it here. I don't think any place in the
55:42 games but they are really common. uh huh subtropical brother. Mm Thank
55:55 . Treatment who high pressure experience. how they thought, well one idea
56:06 the corn pops start off with the but then because there are linear.
56:18 sorry um my motor winds you kind last night get this sinuous on
56:32 Now just as inside we also get very similar with parabolic mics. Forget
56:39 long for many of riches all out . Um we get many origin's I
56:50 a great sanded. I said we have that here is strictly speaking
56:55 But uh, these are large adventures can see here. They're just not
57:02 . Oh, so there's there's some things that will passover just don't
57:13 But the idea is that you either by motorways or maybe there's an innocence
57:22 source and this is where chicken and comes out. There's a healing oil
57:28 there because the bridges are there or ridges there because there's a healing flow
57:34 the balance. And this is still we don't know. The other thing
57:45 don't know too well once the internal , the assumption with that is that
57:57 left right left. So you're going have this herringbone and or they lost
58:08 keys intentions looks like that might be problem is these things occurred really bright
58:16 and you can't stretch. Okay. other they had to hide all the
58:22 up here carry five gallons. Jump water to pour on this to be
58:29 to get a cut the city. it's not very deep for obvious
58:39 But it gave us the idea that this is what, so this is
58:45 of a hypothetical based on maybe two Rachel one or 2 steps.
58:53 Now Hunter and others against himself. been looking at this. We we
59:01 they might be more estimate. So is it? Yeah, a
59:14 Well it turns out, let's look the off Finally we got a way
59:18 looking at the three dimensional Gino and least in some areas they are
59:27 Yeah. Um so at least in areas we're looking at lateral migration.
59:41 the problem is, and I might that migration. Mm The problem
59:52 here's one of the long same So you can kind of think that
60:00 may be a Had it happened You must get out of here in
60:07 rest of it. Getting higher is now you begin to get me some
60:16 a century. So now we're beginning get uh huh. At any given
60:24 it seems to be dominantly one direction it suggests that they sense evolved through
60:34 . Yeah. So we look at picture here, this system, Another
60:42 2019 that since basically these rubio sand rework, we get larger and larger
60:57 finally they get to be large piles sand with sand dunes migrating up the
61:08 . Okay, so here is a started off. Yes and sent
61:18 Yeah. So these things really are more complicated then we envision,
61:33 now that brings us to this Mhm Original linear said, okay,
61:48 something has changed either are really So what's happening is we're beginning to
61:56 when hello Barb care and filled So here are the mark that are
62:11 eroded from this area over here, can see here there are any of
62:19 dad's. Yeah, you're beginning to spoke market. So yes, so
62:31 we get to big boom fields, are long lived longer than climatic
62:40 Structure is less important. Climatic changes huge. Okay, now let's look
62:47 our second modern Pinkston great standards and we're looking at damn step on.
63:00 teacher says that dimension. Uh The venue about 200 m, 230
63:07 . Incredible. Okay. Uh And one of my favorite discussion questions
63:16 may have may not ask but is compare controls, white sands and great
63:22 . Yeah, they have a lot similarities here calling up Yes,
63:30 Uh environment barrier pockets. And they off as a big blade Bruce,
63:41 light. A source of dislike. , read the seven within this like
63:50 the magazine coming out? The someone mega fan continue the There we
64:03 That's late disappeared. And so it is providing the cell for the Aeolian
64:15 at lucent. So it's mainly so a crisis. Okay, Unlike the
64:24 quickly gets farther to himself. You're at a changing climate affecting the lake
64:35 . So if you look at this notice they're saying she in active service
64:43 , this is family, have flat roll angle apology. The following
64:54 as the wind picks up, moves the grates over time. But one
65:01 the characteristics of this particular area is there's reversal when there's a second.
65:10 winds also blow this direction during different it gives us reversing. So we've
65:19 prevailing west release and then don't come the east. So here's our mainly
65:27 your first. And she educated sand bumping against. Mhm. Now santa
65:42 not going to get into this uh flooded rivers, a lot of gravity
65:50 . Think deflation lacked very thin, much. Uh huh. What we're
65:59 in are the accumulation of same and we see. Sad shit.
66:08 Move your fans from the way what ? Parabolic the transfers transfers are in
66:21 . Boy. Transbourse terrible. You cluster here started. So this is
66:31 little bit of a different faces trap you like. The other reason is
66:38 the bottom. A little webs. things like this. It was here
66:49 . Yeah. As a result uh is really a pretty complicated transfers
66:58 Not so much. What is the cancel? Pretty uniform. And then
67:04 or less parallel to the extent things changed her. Look at this
67:12 that's sharp. Remember how the sharp before with some critical threshold vegetation
67:20 It's a rhythm. Most of the track. Truth itself only a little
67:26 of sand control. So again, a decrease in sediments. But it's
67:31 two different reasons. Now, if look at these transverse dunes, we're
67:39 looking at these big Courses, climbing on top of another. So we've
67:53 a lot of sansa pipe. The thing you might notice is that the
68:01 facebook iron. Just wonder where they . Which is just the opposition.
68:06 difference. So we're going to see is a lateral change in the transverse
68:13 in that. But the other thing these are reversing so we have the
68:22 face and then at the top. , reverse. So what is this
68:32 physical? What is this right I give you hints some things.
68:47 it is. How is this for the street off. Absolutely speaker
69:02 Well saying all mechanism to get the sets. This is a truncation the
69:16 the cities the reactivation students. As the wind reverses it roads the
69:32 politics. Mr uh Yeah. So here we got I mean
69:43 I mean dan and it's loaded top is the reactivation and then here we
69:54 it how this. I notice there's no preservation potential of that reversed
70:07 But there is preservation into that you in circles. Yes. So this
70:15 what they look like. Um sometimes chinese wall. Please go on.
70:23 . But not the hi preservation So now as we look at these
70:33 one's like see the shadow here. is that first step. But basically
70:43 oriented like this. But there's funny like this God oriented. But basically
70:55 is not just reversing. So but directions. So what we're saying here
71:02 that a transfers did with reversing flow other features can begin to diver giving
71:15 and the spurs. That's what we're at is from combination diverting flow,
71:25 and also other variations. And so can model that there's a a program
71:36 you can use to model prospect and you have is dominant bad form
71:46 The transfer and the super one of station. Wait. So they give
71:54 a very different type of geology. is a fascinating program because it allows
71:59 to play around, manipulate the type dress. And more specifically, if
72:08 got cross traffic preserved, you can what kinds of combinations will give you
72:14 cross check. So you can reconstruct paleo geometry of these dudes. And
72:21 doing so get a better sense the synthesis, they're going to affect your
72:26 ability. Remember I said earlier that big dunes pretty widely spaced, but
72:37 they get smaller, smaller as you towards the edge. So what this
72:50 is basically in san supply from the . So we're getting less and less
72:57 . So the characteristic is that producers small and in fact, it's just
73:07 to show this transition smaller small Now, as you look down on
73:22 you see these smaller smaller identities, get more and more introduce space.
73:33 the sand supplies less. You don't to have one done crime and eventually
73:40 get into something here. They would right, okay. No more clothes
73:50 get in the market. Okay so go from lots of sand. Transbourse
73:59 sand. And then this is this the group that basically prevent sand from
74:09 across except during. Uh huh. . Very dry. So we got
74:19 greatest screen margin since sand over here little bit got across. That's gonna
74:25 the market. So as we look the species begin, remember get there's
74:41 bark hands. Oh to trans verse monarch eritreans focus going back here.
74:55 . I told you. Okay, we're getting a bit of a feeling
75:03 what they look like in the bark getting uh rapid migration. Oh 100
75:22 . 1 to 8 m a Doing that behind these little tales,
75:28 vegetate what I want to focus Lastly is this year, these are
75:35 areas that disturbance. And if you're in a didn't do that uh you
75:46 don't quite know what's going on. don't see a slip face per
75:51 Rather it's just a whole series of ridges and it looks something like this
76:03 my family. And so what we here is that it's not just bidirectional
76:11 but multidirectional but literally you're beginning to wings come off. Remember the little
76:19 huh wings that were born mark They should give more and more developed
76:27 and more complicated. Yeah. Now go back to the central to diagram
76:36 and look at the surface, recognizing there's also services here. Okay,
76:43 are bounding surfaces and we've talked about surfaces with soba creates film and these
76:51 similar except they're not um target is scale part is these bounding surfaces were
77:03 in the only causes before and for reason they started with Large being one
77:12 small being three. Yeah, good might be compare and contrast downing
77:20 Siberians Oh, deposits But the 3rd or the re activist. Yeah.
77:29 order migrating dudes is set first or migrating dudes are dudes or pound
77:43 And then there's a super circumstance. Children. So that's the smoke
77:52 Some of these that first of one hostility is just deflation to the
78:01 cube Rising 1 to Trump the It maybe it's just simple good
78:12 So yeah, looking at uh been , this was actually my sense they
78:23 and they started realizing that this in ear. It was overlaying interviewing
78:33 So at least in this particular um they bounding surface here was a
78:46 surface between dudes. Now, was a first or a second? What
78:52 of depends if this is a simple you need when I'm drawing now our
79:01 sets then it's actually a first uh . Uh huh. But you can
79:12 of it as a 2nd. 1st second, two. I can't
79:20 Yeah. Okay. But if on other hand, we've got dune sets
79:28 , then this becomes second and this third, this will become more
79:34 Okay now one of the ways I've is a water table and climbing Ben
79:44 look at it in the process. one the water table is pretty much
79:55 , wow. Now look at it strike you again. These apparently these
80:04 disc unseated and actually in some of continues. Yeah, pretty pretty much
80:13 here. Distance is So we look this section here. This is a
80:22 interviews in person and things that's pretty , a little bit, a little
80:30 distant. Papers maybe to go on boy. And so you look like
80:37 now you see these introducing offices are uh huh Like 12 prospered then pinch
80:48 . Like now the idea that is for superimposing bigger things that it
81:05 It's hard to visualize, hard to . But one of the things,
81:12 just look at this, look at zone here in this here, these
81:20 separate. I'm gonna say drugs that of dukes. They're big piles of
81:31 that are migrating them. So we think of that as kind of a
81:40 or dune area that's migrating. we've got this from it. You
81:50 have the simple edge the back Well this is gonna be pretty
81:58 You know? And uh we see this was a study and uh that's
82:07 funny. Start with simple news. is brought or you get days on
82:19 how how the place And then finally begins to black hawk. You got
82:34 stage one exception maximum data this so does this look at? How can
82:42 recognize noticing swan there bounded. How we distinguish? Well, the first
82:51 I just mentioned this that this is an outcrop michael. Uh so you
83:00 the scale with these forces. So gonna be looking at this type of
83:11 so now going back to that Yeah, we've got gives harming over
83:19 features. Okay, so here's that feature then you're climbing up the back
83:28 and then migrating down the front said this is not a subject.
83:35 it's simply the down wind side of larger feel. So now if you
83:46 young couples and we see records of migrating down the skeptics and this
84:01 This zone here is the zone separating or rather the other draw from the
84:11 that eventually building. So right, trying to see if we can
84:20 here's what we see. Yeah, I'm going to call this a first
84:31 bounding service. Mm These surfaces here going to be second order bounding
84:51 They separate. We're migrating. Do surface is here actually the third or
85:01 if you look closely what they're showing is actually reactivation service. So strictly
85:16 , I should have a little Spain seven nation instead of looking for
85:25 So these are reactivation services. So there are people who might feel like
85:35 here is that first water person. the second which is basically draw sit
85:43 small town here's a programming two the competition as the dems are like.
86:03 that's hard to visual but it's actually of makes sense because what we're looking
86:10 is this thing here this is one climbing on top of it the
86:20 And then now it could be easy and maybe I should start doing on
86:32 . You got first of all. order capital spirit. What the second
86:41 come to the second wonders the dam don't have it. This is what's
86:49 simple. So that text your moves . Sure sure basically then in a
87:04 This is the word six. This example they saw from new york defining
87:15 interviewing samples is first of all. . So here we have simple death
87:22 set first water The activation surface actually order. Now I gotta Cosette first
87:34 second third if you find that confusing I'm looking at this or what trying
87:51 make sense. And you can imagine arm, your state services.
88:03 Yeah. Now I'd like to preserve I said earlier was I can show
88:10 how to create carrier. Well the thing is to The increased reservations for
88:20 12 and that you can do in waters with the rows of seats.
88:33 . And non recent you can do by a glass of water table which
88:45 growth last. Yeah. So in case and increase preservation. It's it's
89:00 to preserve dancer. You're going to some in but they are easier given
89:14 now it's useful to think of two kinds of different systems. Here we
89:25 Accumulation to the five. Yeah, sand tribute. Here's an accumulation dims
89:39 dry sense. Great might be great . Great. The long term preservation
89:49 of this suspect. Oh, but are two very different types of
89:56 So let's look at wrong. Here's weapon system. The water tank,
90:04 a driving system. So what is difference? Well, imagine here's a
90:13 think it's this. There's let's see we can. Here they are.
90:28 . Now let's have arised in wooden so list. Let's make it.
90:37 there's more sand coming in. The eventually builds up to a point where
90:48 lost the energy you get. Ryan pain. No, this is on
90:58 . Increasing sand support can result in transition of collective trying to assist skip
91:15 and then general interviewing reduction white Right? We look at great
91:27 We don't see Mr wells, we're a dry hole. And so we
91:36 also think about it as we go drip. So again, you
91:49 the only the process with the investor are going expensive unions. Finally the
92:01 issued. That's what we were The western margin. I'm not a
92:10 graces to repeat. Doesn't see. . Now we also get away
92:26 You can think of this as a saying my you could also think about
92:34 sand. Yeah. Talking again. the examples signal ship when you can
92:45 imagine rising on the table and decreased supplies. It's shutting down. But
92:51 growth of the dude's pretty much start central who skipped business. These super
93:01 surfaces. Um, they are very for defining large packages changes single changing
93:13 got these like so celebration. One the, the reason we are interesting
93:24 they are sufficient and large scale that these are brief and cordial. These
93:30 be corroded throughout as opposed to just I'm gonna skip this part.
93:41 Let me give you three Hastings of . I say the only in this
93:50 . Let's look first intensely. Can't . This pennsylvania and age. Bighorn
93:58 . Yeah. And first blush is marines. All of my in the
94:08 . Okay, now if you look transition well more carefully you've got the
94:17 sand truncated by marine sam very new you. Uh huh. These are
94:29 care of something. These are the sign. And the idea of this
94:36 case we're looking at most than which emergent sand booms rise in sea
94:47 Transgressive sounds from maximum slut since we or flooding the deposition of marine deposits
95:01 a high standard and then dropped and it again. So this picture case
95:06 getting low standings. I stand. I'm just going to look at the
95:14 site. Did you see how it's ? Described research. So I've got
95:25 surface here. I'm going to circles as circles here. Yes. Some
95:32 things are pure. So what's, causing that cyclist city? Well,
95:41 , pretty much at least for first . We're looking at climbing standards.
95:50 specifically though, we're going to look this flooding surface here. They call
96:02 first order. Well, let's go here here. We have a first
96:20 second order 30. Yeah, we're at Then the first order zero is
96:31 in here. This is the maximum . It's it's a super simple.
96:37 . So I've got a complex Doom's will reach. Yeah, that would
96:46 analogous to here. We're actually If you counted this and had marine
96:56 set. Okay, so you got dams in this case? It mm
97:13 dry. Remember this is during a of sea level. So the water
97:20 rising. So we're beginning to accumulate in a subside. Well, this
97:29 with the rise in sea level, transgression. It certainly worked out fair
97:40 of soft settlement deformation is these dunes transgressed basically dan stride dams rising sea
97:52 wiped out. It started it. this is kind of a pattern that
97:56 get now. This is that picture showed you a room first order um
98:07 10 cents. 2nd order dunes migrating the face of the compound. Third
98:17 those trunk asians. Yeah. So would that look? Looks kind of
98:23 this. Mhm. And what really at here of the fertile great
98:37 Because each of these is a package set that is grading from brain float
98:54 win report. And so. Uh So look at the yellow I think
99:08 know what analogous to these create Some order re accidents. Second order six
99:31 climbing down. Gordon? Mhm First package 956. Second order back during
99:48 six. Mhm. Is not nearly this is 100,000 ft. This is
99:57 than a minute. Er door. . Yeah. So what we're looking
100:10 the ways of compartmentalizing these Floridians. , this is big done. My
100:24 people. Uh huh literally within this order package there's another expectations.
100:39 Within the circle, wind ripple. grateful. So if you were the
100:53 , it would be important to be to differentiate the different packages and that's
101:02 they've been doing and successfully increasingly secondary . They saw more specific. Uh
101:13 . Redwood has second overgenerous north. right above the salt. It's trying
101:28 take legal miracles now. Which regular basis. So. Oh
101:40 No we've got a great one North about like this. It's now 223
101:55 . A variety of things what he . So for spring the interview equally
102:01 policies can't find them. Yeah, authorized. Here's a major fault and
102:16 . This is coming off the Appalachians it's Permian was basically, yeah,
102:23 beginning to drift apart. Sitting right what? Move your fans breaking into
102:32 old. How much? 730. places if you look at didn't need
102:43 here. Oh, 50 years. , hard. Yeah. Smile.
102:55 the model is looking for starter. . It's very simple. Yeah.
103:04 only seeing other entities. Uh good . Yeah. Straight grant.
103:16 technologically we're looking at some are post the market considering I'm not. All
103:26 . So a little bit faster the will result. This are different faces
103:40 . Mhm. You've got a lot fields that curtain The directions. 3rd
103:51 winds on prevailing winds. Oh, lot of work has been done trying
103:57 figure out the details what happens is are different days in different areas which
104:09 come as no surprise. It also be hard. Our ability to reconstruct
104:18 parks bridges complex any. Mm Again, not a sequence. So
104:29 at terrible will be a fan raises talking in transport to the water.
104:39 this variety, This particular one suggested linear is in, in this particular
104:48 are motor winds. Probably something like . Now the linear doing is particularly
104:55 because when you look at a nice that you very much see,
105:02 These things are hundreds of feet six isolated, uh, that we sail
105:17 on the order of magnitude somewhat similar the something Yes. Now I'm
105:29 I'm gonna come back to the rules this has an interesting story to mormons
105:36 well, is that as people have looking for the differential apparatchik, very
105:49 . In sunday's we found the sheets we can really start the different
106:00 Um, and beginning to recognize different surfaces. And what are the things
106:09 find out? Is that the okay me, building much higher in san
106:25 then entered a prophecy and for one slow virtualized translating it's clean. Any
106:41 working now. The other thing and I'm gonna suggest you kind of
106:48 this part for a second. There two main types of cement in the
107:02 , mm. All right man. yeah. For the same ferocity and
107:14 associated with much higher permanent buildings. sorry. All right. Is associated
107:23 . That's kind of interesting. and it's notable, deeply buried force
107:36 that have highly continuous magnesium bridgeport's not have higher ferocity, but also associated
107:45 it. So it may be that of the magnesium is from the
107:51 that's well, look at the, was it over north even and then
108:09 make a film of higher ferocity. . But look at where there's a
108:18 oh, whoa. And the loan the dudes would be great. Neither
108:27 interviews are not bad now. What's ? Is that down here where we
108:36 called if there is a continuous we don't have any more.
108:47 but it doesn't take much of a rather what's up leaving a little bit
108:56 surfaces. All it takes towards nuclear to fill in. So what we
109:04 is that the lower permanent forest zone I heard one opportunity breaking down lessons
109:24 , that's a great observation. But does explain, here's again for
109:33 is it both of us? But explain what? So let's look at
109:42 . Here's again, you know, noticed that where it's high here,
109:50 you? Mhm No 6666. These those sandals, racist, linear sandwich
110:06 they're sinking into the ship. The , so they're getting over thickened.
110:13 are piling up and submerging their lower into the immigrants. That's all we
110:23 so sick and leaders. Oh so we have early northland. Many only
110:40 natural. Thank you. You're bound have like services and then it just
110:49 the entire church and this is just picture. My body gets his losing
110:59 . So we talked to them. talk about, you've got A lot
111:07 basically 100% of this. You it's awesome. Yeah. The border
111:14 of the talent. She wants And he goes back to those flights
111:24 the place and more specifically deploring are rest programs fruitful. So what's causing
111:36 . So let's look at this package recognized that this will be the water
111:47 . Just some fear. Yeah. things people we get guy genetic for
111:57 here in part because of the interaction them. Mm here. All things
112:03 very bright. Now let's look at a little more closely for police.
112:15 asked you here whatever craze that may been in here on a break up
112:26 some your boss that protect my parents parts of their he's stable. The
112:37 of planes allows potential close to film is are that play alleviation dissipation.
112:48 about below Below the within the three all the water. You got it
112:59 plane cooks. Okay. So what we got here? Pretty good for
113:06 seasons. Yeah. Uh, but a bill in part related to later
113:15 You Netiquette. This is the best Below the one thing. And this
113:25 the title because you lost. So this life you stupid question.
113:34 are these like a boy and we to consider as a sorcerer or just
113:46 . So the sources that describe I don't uh, I don't just
113:57 of uh, it's saying it's not clear source. Oh so I don't
114:10 that. I think it's a So when you're looking marriage and you
114:17 still go to stores of rock and well to know. Yeah. My
114:26 . Yeah, that's all life where . Okay, so this is how
114:37 dodge in a Yeah. Why basically get a solution and realize spring.
114:59 . So chief Yes. Diluted media . You get a gentle counts.
115:10 can rather die genetic alive. Uh . Four line, wow. Of
115:20 . And then it is evident sports get it passed your best but is
115:41 former below their insult rate. Alright doc genetic curves sports and dividend for
115:54 . So this we're here is basically Yeah. So formula saving boy.
116:12 , during the greatest in the fish issues and talk. Okay. The
116:22 example is more safe. Uh huh going to dinner basically here. All
116:32 . Trialing sand flats. You're in illegal again, um facings associations,
116:51 brian then uh sand flat and basically on court. So we got the
117:01 here the team. Mhm. And this is kind of genuine but a
117:14 sanding and this is the model of . Well, um difficulty nuts are
117:28 to reconstruct when triple rework, wind a little bit of great um here
117:40 wonderful here he is rates three work . Yeah, little said Oh something
117:58 is uh reworked by periodic um and you enhanced. Now I result.
118:10 . So when you look at those , so it's up here when triple
118:21 this is a rebel. So Mhm is a earlier diagram do you
118:34 Thanks the wrong he here as in of you changes. Is that the
118:44 flow is your best spot. Wind not so much in the very worst
118:52 all. Now if we look at groups they differ in their particular
119:04 And do you have a life Pure ripples? Uh straddle best of
119:13 approach ready or dinners are largely poor perception. I'm fine is because of
119:25 head engineer star games kind of Mm let's look at that. Can't
119:35 you. Yeah okay wow, barking fields. Well these are Australian,
119:48 they were getting progressively more complicated. moving some of the text. Oh
120:00 star gaze down here in between many , let's see mortgages At one point
120:19 . So what they're suggesting or you simple balance more evidence. Yeah.
120:31 you saying it's more and more complicated ? Yeah, we have more abandoned
120:42 and Well that's just a few. . Also then the interview. Mhm
121:00 here here. So I only reservoir very good. Then you're well started
121:09 play free high initial some secondary but got the consultations on all these balances
121:23 they entertained sand. She for me Yeah water or gas comes. So
121:38 we look at get into steel but has a nine year coverage on this
121:50 get you can get some pretty hard and some of the guests.
121:58 Not so much at all terry, got about 256 for one.
122:09 they are very important fields. If can figure out what to do with
122:19 surfaces, the digests. That's I don't know why I got this
122:25 part here. Oh, but I'm to shut this off and we're gonna
122:31 a break for lunch. Um,
-
+