| 00:02 | I've been gravy. What? Okay. Thank you. Hey folks |
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| 00:54 | . Mhm. Oh, okay. . Alright. So we are winding |
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| 01:13 | today and thursday. That's you. um so we're focusing on today And |
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| 01:23 | is different infectious diseases. Um so schedule is open for example four, |
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| 01:29 | is maybe 10, 11. Um remember it's not comprehensive. Just more |
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| 01:40 | chapters 23 and 26 uh do That's huge smart word, do sunday |
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| 01:48 | then there's A few days later chapter And so you can quit. So |
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| 01:55 | uh more comprehensive. That'll be 20 questions opening through thursday through sunday. |
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| 02:08 | . And uh let's see um so let me just mention that I |
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| 02:16 | I had it in here. Uh . I posted I don't have it |
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| 02:25 | , but I posted um the um make sure to have it thursday. |
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| 02:36 | shouldn't see you last time. The the list of pathogens that I had |
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| 02:41 | great example of the table how you want to organize it. So I've |
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| 02:46 | that the list year already has already it separately. But also looked at |
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| 02:51 | table for those that have had a of questions about that. Just to |
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| 02:55 | us. Let's see added what it like. You're just doing that |
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| 02:59 | Remember it's just a table that has columns pageant and one disease. It's |
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| 03:05 | an example. You may want to more columns to that, but just |
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| 03:08 | way to organize that material, 26 handling this honestly. Probably mostly memorization |
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| 03:15 | . Right. What's the pattern? disease or just some of the various |
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| 03:19 | that are important. Okay, so table is one way you might want |
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| 03:25 | do it. Okay so it's available in the lecture notes folder. You |
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| 03:30 | for it's called disease table example. you can take a look if you |
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| 03:36 | . Um Okay uh any questions. , so we will have to finish |
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| 03:48 | the last bit of 25. So looking at this question. I'll kind |
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| 03:55 | elaborate on that. Okay uh kind this is really discovering a number of |
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| 04:01 | we talked about last time. So number 25 is all about. |
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| 04:07 | the pathogen is what it can do they can do to cause disease, |
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| 04:12 | their physical chemical barriers etcetera. Um obviously there's a I've summarized there's also |
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| 04:21 | narrow list of the various factors um of course it was used to |
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| 04:29 | Get through different defenses. Okay. We ended last time with Okay, |
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| 04:39 | sailor path. Right, so you're I'll finish up with the uh strategy |
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| 04:49 | of extra sailor pathogen, Jack. . Okay let's see what we |
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| 05:32 | Okay, so the consensus is h a look at this in a |
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| 05:40 | Let's see potential routes. That's certainly that is. So um puncture wound |
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| 05:46 | can occur. Surgery, certainly anything injection of bite that fits invasions of |
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| 05:53 | related to intracellular pathogens uh c is as well. Um Were born? |
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| 06:02 | transmission is fairly common and respiratory diseases it's certainly very common comic hold |
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| 06:12 | flu etcetera. Covid. Okay so you know Thompson associated with gram |
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| 06:20 | yep the chinese. So that plots mike in an object right? In |
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| 06:27 | part of the contact and direct Mvs true as well. So |
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| 06:33 | H is correct here. Okay um again here is like the the list |
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| 06:41 | different factors we've gone over. We're to finish up with down here in |
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| 06:47 | box those guys. So um remember there is a set of pathogens |
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| 06:54 | Of course living viruses. Early, earliest semester. It's obvious that that's |
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| 07:00 | they are but we focused more here bacterial types that can against side |
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| 07:07 | And so the purpose not to replicate use them as a tool to |
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| 07:13 | Rather there there used used to hide to to spread to other cell types |
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| 07:19 | penetrating deeper into tissues. So that's we call these the faculty types. |
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| 07:28 | . Many of these are um intestinal that we'll talk about. Maybe they |
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| 07:34 | certainly thursday. Okay so let's look this last group here. Okay. |
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| 07:42 | ended on this question so we know was it was this was the answer |
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| 07:47 | . So it's a careless factor specifically staff that the um and it's a |
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| 07:53 | I'm gonna visit here in a So I'm just going to this. |
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| 07:57 | we're talking here about extra second They don't have the capability to get |
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| 08:01 | of the cells? They must be their infection infection cycle outside cells. |
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| 08:09 | they have different strategies to kind of the immune system. Okay, so |
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| 08:16 | of course is a capsule is uh we hide and it's a covers will |
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| 08:24 | be the outermost covering instagram, native the membrane, gram positive, covering |
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| 08:31 | pepper like hand layer. Um and it can cover engines. It can |
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| 08:36 | it someone to visit. We can it less able to be sensitized. |
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| 08:41 | , this thing here, hyaluronic acid . So the capsule material, it's |
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| 08:47 | play cycle, right? It can a mixture place acolytes and protein like |
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| 08:52 | in there. But the ironic as capital is particularly special. We see |
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| 08:57 | in the Two experience. You see , we'll talk about those uh to |
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| 09:02 | the meningitis canceled. Um The hyaluronic councils remember hyaluronic acid itself as a |
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| 09:15 | in your body. Is what holds epidermal cells together for one of the |
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| 09:20 | that hold together. Right. And if you have a capsule made that |
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| 09:28 | , will that capsule then be very know, Jack. Yes or |
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| 09:37 | That's something for or would be less to do that. We're likely less |
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| 09:46 | your body thinks it's part of your . Your body. That's that's what's |
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| 09:51 | your body. Your immune system is to seeing that. All right. |
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| 09:57 | um are you speaking right to to that? you use your own materials |
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| 10:03 | to construct their things and make them um able to be detected. |
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| 10:09 | So um so you see that particularly the streptococcus pneumonia capsule. Um |
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| 10:18 | Okay. You can destroy some other are all have and counteracting extra cider |
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| 10:26 | . Right? So if you're an side of pathogens, what do you |
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| 10:29 | ? Well, simple things. So the I. G. A |
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| 10:33 | geese was one of those. Um you're particularly respiratory pathogens that really for |
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| 10:41 | most part require adhering to your newest of the respiratory system tracked etcetera there |
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| 10:49 | wanted that would likely have something like to counteract the effects of remember idea |
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| 10:54 | there in the new cultural secretions to neutralizing antibodies that bind to the micro |
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| 11:02 | thereby the micro can't bind to the memory. So they can that was |
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| 11:08 | um you know their ability to because have a way to destroy the And |
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| 11:15 | from the previous diagrams of protein. Okay, so that's a way also |
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| 11:23 | get rid of antibody effect. so to have this protein basically is |
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| 11:31 | it buys the Fc portion of the . Let's remember the antibody binding sites |
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| 11:36 | gonna be here right here. And this portion is the FC region. |
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| 11:47 | . So if you have a way buying that. All right. Ah |
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| 11:53 | that's what this protein in material does staff. Okay. And so now |
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| 12:00 | energy of binding sites are out here they're not doing anything to the to |
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| 12:03 | bacteria. If you can't destroy everybody will just make it not work |
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| 12:09 | different one. Alright, So there's urgent bynum sites can't bind to |
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| 12:14 | It's certainly do anything. So um Yeah, the strategy. So if |
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| 12:21 | and anybody's binding to that so that course promote optimization. But this is |
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| 12:27 | way to to stop that. Um And then uh let's see. |
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| 12:33 | praise you just mentioned that. Let's some pathogens. So something cause various |
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| 12:40 | they produce. Um can use apoptosis macrophages or neutrophils. Um And then |
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| 12:49 | faith variation aspect. So again, you're an extra senator pathogen, you're |
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| 12:55 | able to hide and sell the immune . You do these things like destroying |
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| 13:01 | or make them otherwise not useful. uh change your bandages on the service |
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| 13:09 | you go undetected. Okay. Whether playing capsule over or changing them. |
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| 13:16 | ? So we saw that 10 The ability to have multiple forms of |
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| 13:23 | engine that switch between So whatever about belt buying time concept. Right? |
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| 13:30 | both ways we can, you know there. Slow down brother with passengers |
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| 13:36 | our adaptive immune system time to catch . They pathogens can uh hide themselves |
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| 13:45 | . All these kinds of mechanisms aren't So there's a limitation to it will |
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| 13:51 | for a while. Okay. But , knowing how fast back here it |
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| 13:55 | grow. They don't need that much to proliferate and spread. So again |
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| 14:00 | both perspectives us and then it's buying , you know, it's a it's |
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| 14:06 | thing that both can we end them utilize. Okay. So um. |
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| 14:13 | . So this then closes out the patrons can do to support our defenses |
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| 14:22 | gave questions for you. Okay. so the last part of this entire |
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| 14:30 | will be looking at different diseases and diseases obviously. So we'll break it |
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| 14:36 | in terms of systems. And we're not looking at every single just |
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| 14:40 | kind of giving away sampling these things at least cover some of the things |
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| 14:47 | at least one or two things in system can stop tissue respiratory get gi |
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| 14:54 | into a urinary. Uh Just one . Um And cns athletes. And |
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| 15:02 | uh we may get we'll get through on tissue reference respiratory system. Maybe |
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| 15:10 | . I. Tract is not all may be happening, but um then |
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| 15:14 | see the rest of thursday. So this section also has a little bit |
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| 15:21 | . Oh okay. Patching list. , so some we spend more time |
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| 15:28 | on some things than others. I don't have a lot to say |
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| 15:34 | . Um And to me but political example. Um But I do have |
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| 15:38 | to say about the box. so give me some on some. |
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| 15:44 | so much right? Um But so that's the list. What to |
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| 15:50 | . Okay. Grand reaction morphology disease , uh, feature. So, |
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| 15:57 | know, for most of these, , there are some that have not |
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| 16:02 | futures are only, you know, , you find with a certain |
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| 16:07 | So for example, uh, right? We have claustrophobia and tetanus |
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| 16:16 | forms. Right, Okay. uh, you know the ones that |
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| 16:21 | viruses, obvious, Rhona virus, virus. Okay. But you can't |
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| 16:27 | rambling on those. Right? So that. So, um, |
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| 16:31 | as we go through, uh, we'll point out kind of the significant |
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| 16:36 | about them. Uh, here's the . So that's the table. Certain |
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| 16:41 | . Again, he'll have to do . But just the idea if you |
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| 16:45 | to organize this information. Okay. uh, I think we're gonna start |
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| 16:50 | start with a question. Okay. while you're answering this, let me |
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| 16:55 | this pool and this number visible. . Um, so we're not or |
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| 17:05 | . Thanks. Um, so remember um, critically needed. About very |
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| 17:16 | , of course. Right? to, you know, particular diseases |
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| 17:22 | where there are vaccines available or and that there's a threshold of, |
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| 17:29 | , you have to have. I actually is one thing. But then |
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| 17:32 | two is the majority of people vaccinated get the herd immunity effect. |
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| 17:41 | So, um, in the universal like 75%. Okay. Um, |
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| 17:50 | has to do with Because hey, going to get 100% compliance for a |
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| 17:55 | of reasons. We have vaccinated. act as a sinks to absorb the |
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| 18:03 | agent unvaccinated from, you know, , the apartment disease. Okay. |
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| 18:14 | , uh, so we have Yeah, it's gonna be tetanus is |
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| 18:18 | communicable, right? That's really what immunity can only affect, uh, |
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| 18:27 | that are communicable penance, Personal personal . All right. But these other |
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| 18:32 | are playing covid uncertainties. Personal person as it flew and many others. |
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| 18:39 | that tetanus. Okay, um, is acquired through to be a functioning |
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| 18:47 | , contaminated with soil gets in your and those reporters germinate, liberate. |
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| 18:56 | , but you're not going to cost tell somebody and give them tasks. |
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| 19:01 | . Not unless you take your stepped a rusty nail and um, moreover |
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| 19:08 | objects down dirt and then you punctured you like just take your foot and |
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| 19:13 | it on. So I do spread . Okay. So the point |
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| 19:18 | it's not communicable disease. Okay. again, I'm not gonna spend a |
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| 19:23 | of time on this. We've talked this already. So the point here |
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| 19:27 | these diagrams is the ones that are our, our sick and our contagious |
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| 19:37 | . Okay. On the left And blues are unvaccinated people. Yellows |
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| 19:44 | vaccinated. So we have 123 vaccinated . Okay, vaccinated, healthy. |
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| 19:51 | , you have more non vaccinated So this guy has six spreads |
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| 19:56 | You don't have enough of a sink that person. Okay so of course |
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| 20:01 | get lots of more red people, people getting infected right over here. |
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| 20:06 | of yellows, lots of people that been vaccinated, right? So you |
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| 20:09 | the barriers between unvaccinated blue and between the movement basically. So there's space |
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| 20:18 | where you have lots of vaccinated people your infectious agent and you contain the |
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| 20:27 | . So you know the bottom line um get back stand to but again |
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| 20:34 | to a certain threshold to a cheaper you can see cable last. So |
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| 20:43 | the r values are kind of a of contagious and so you would be |
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| 20:50 | roo value percent to get that herd . So um I already questions about |
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| 21:01 | and I said I mentioned it last . So let's look at diseases. |
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| 21:08 | so we're gonna start with skin and tissue. Um One of the more |
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| 21:12 | types of really not a serious disease um staff for you. So you |
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| 21:19 | , there's there's a epidermis, that , but that's the other problem staff |
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| 21:27 | uh can't understand but it's relatively Okay, that's the diseases caused by |
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| 21:34 | gonna be born. The staff grand positive. Great black clusters. |
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| 21:40 | uh and there's a boils and carb which I think are in the in |
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| 21:49 | same thing but there's things like uh . Um uh they're all about different |
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| 21:59 | of skin infections, stein's through the infected eyelashes, physically. Lightest hair |
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| 22:05 | is getting affected boiled are typically or kind of puncture wound that introduces the |
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| 22:15 | into the skin. Uh remember staff coagulates, the staph and strep which |
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| 22:22 | come next have a few rubles factors common, particularly with the toxins like |
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| 22:29 | um and others. Um and so typically can produce a heart, not |
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| 22:36 | call it. And uh it's basically white was kind of clotting and formulated |
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| 22:42 | to around the staff. And so uncommon to have to develop her lengths |
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| 22:47 | oil right to get that because that will fill up with a sells itself |
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| 22:53 | us. Okay, in order to at it treated, you didn't have |
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| 22:58 | drain it try. Um And so toxic shock syndrome. So that was |
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| 23:08 | was I still haven't found that, it was traced to others. An |
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| 23:13 | of this, it was 2030 years traced to female uh napkins, tampons |
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| 23:22 | was super absorbent but in creating an that promotes the growth of staff and |
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| 23:28 | particularly the types that produced this toxic super or super ranger effect will overrun |
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| 23:35 | system. Alright, I think of like a almost like a body wide |
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| 23:40 | response right? And that will um course can lead to shock and cause |
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| 23:46 | . And so of course those those products are taken off the market and |
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| 23:51 | we saw severe reduction in the in in the in these types of |
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| 23:56 | But um there are you still occasionally this toxic shock syndrome here and |
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| 24:03 | Um So most of colonial infections, ? This is becoming a bit more |
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| 24:13 | mm hmm. Outdated and replaced by more current term that's abbreviated H. |
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| 24:22 | . I. Does anybody know what ? Yeah. Hospital part. So |
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| 24:29 | they're going to switch to H. . High because health care not only |
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| 24:32 | in hospitals but of course it's mobile into people's homes for the elderly in |
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| 24:39 | get healthcare. There's all kinds of beyond beyond the the hospital everywhere. |
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| 24:45 | this explained at the time to help acquired. So what it means |
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| 24:49 | okay, you go to the hospital you go to a clinic or what |
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| 24:54 | you because you have, let's say have the flu. Okay, while |
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| 25:00 | there, you come down with something or maybe just go you don't have |
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| 25:05 | disease. You know because you you a sore back. Okay? And |
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| 25:11 | getting into the hospital, right? you're mature you get in the hospital |
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| 25:17 | then you require an infectious disease because in the hospital. That's the program |
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| 25:22 | for more currently healthcare of Okay. you you you acquired that disease as |
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| 25:31 | function of being in that clinic, gave it to this thing without. |
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| 25:35 | . And so this is a this an issue for hospital. Um And |
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| 25:41 | that's why of course is all kind right ah disinfection to the max, |
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| 25:48 | ? To minimize these kinds of and so the staph aureus um about |
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| 25:55 | of these infections are attributed to staph . Um There's about three or four |
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| 26:02 | that are defined more often than and that's one of them. Um |
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| 26:07 | it also correct that, you it really likes to transmission because you're |
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| 26:11 | the hospital, Right? But people . So you have reservoirs right of |
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| 26:18 | that are harder in these cabinets. . Artistic. And so then, |
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| 26:23 | , what was the connection? between the patient and patient health |
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| 26:29 | So those I hope. But, know, the number one thing, |
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| 26:39 | know for healthcare workers in hospitals of , get monthly meetings and he keeps |
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| 26:45 | on sanitary practices and you know, practices to use. What's the number |
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| 26:49 | thing that really limits limits of these acquired infections? Very basic washing |
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| 26:58 | That's right, washing hands is the that is preached, you know, |
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| 27:04 | Yeah, to minimize these kind of . Um The uh and also another |
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| 27:11 | that policies are devices catheters, uh to um uh replacement parts. Since |
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| 27:21 | are hard. Now there's like these come prepackaged sterile packaged and if not |
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| 27:26 | properly, whatever because it goes into the skin. So you're not handling |
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| 27:32 | ? S epic way that you can um staff right into these areas. |
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| 27:41 | , um so that's what infections And the methicillin resistant staph for is |
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| 27:49 | problematic. Now there's a bank of and resistant types of multi drug resistant |
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| 27:56 | . So it's um that's the other because in hospitals you administer antibiotics and |
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| 28:01 | all kinds of opportunity for resistance to too. So it's a something that |
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| 28:08 | are. So they have to be top of the monitor. You |
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| 28:12 | any kind of things that pop up the hospital, find out what it |
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| 28:16 | . Can we know what's susceptible to periodic wise and stuff like that? |
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| 28:21 | really keep a hold on this and don't want to go to the hospital |
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| 28:25 | you have some other condition. And while you're there get get an infectious |
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| 28:29 | . All right. That's that's So um impetigo and scarlet skin |
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| 28:36 | So as we're getting this from staff strap, okay, there's gonna be |
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| 28:42 | skin infections that relate to, let's depth, right? So depth of |
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| 28:50 | infections. So superficial layers, dermal underneath uh deeper layers, Right? |
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| 28:57 | there's different types of infections, Scarlet skin syndrome are more superficial layers |
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| 29:04 | skin, upper layers of skin. . And any of these types can |
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| 29:09 | through this is the basic abrasion. know that doesn't get really clean |
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| 29:15 | Then they kind of they begin to in there. Uh and and some |
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| 29:20 | have different different types of toxins and come into different severity of the the |
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| 29:26 | of penetration into the skin. so every time I go as often |
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| 29:31 | cities often found kids in daycare uh kids of course are not the |
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| 29:38 | , right? Um and so scratching skin or whatever with dirty hands. |
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| 29:43 | can lead to impetigo. It's kind like a rash, like ling um |
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| 29:51 | there. Again, superficial layers. toxic countries can lead to damaging the |
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| 29:57 | the upper layer. And this kind disrespect it occurred. That's what they |
|
| 30:02 | this exfoliated pots. And you've heard exfoliation right? The skin help your |
|
| 30:08 | , right? This is this is really that Okay, this is more |
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| 30:13 | little more serious than that. But we're talking superficial layers, not something |
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| 30:18 | jeremy is going to be super but nonetheless you want to take care |
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| 30:22 | it. And really it's just you , cleaning the cleaning a wound or |
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| 30:27 | when you first have it and doing will really be the best way to |
|
| 30:31 | these kinds of things from getting Okay. Um so staph aureus need |
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| 30:36 | go to again and we went through before um but again, you know |
|
| 30:43 | many of these infectious agents going to talking about. They they're gonna have |
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| 30:48 | particular types of girls factors which I so streptococcus, we talked about that |
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| 30:55 | protein a struck the caucus uh grandpa also but streptomycin chains chains of gram |
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| 31:04 | oxide. There can be variations that be uh difficult oxides well prepared is |
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| 31:13 | it's in pairs. Alright. But are you have these changes of several |
|
| 31:19 | . Okay. So historically uh streptococcus species. The months dramatically important have |
|
| 31:29 | characterized by their by their growth and on blood off. Right. That |
|
| 31:35 | been as it was established like in 50s I think. And it's been |
|
| 31:40 | this way ever since um because they eastern losses. Or he also has |
|
| 31:45 | great apartment blood cells. Okay. it's found that different stretch species can |
|
| 31:51 | this differently. So if some of can completely to destroy lice red blood |
|
| 31:58 | even clearing zone like they wanted a somebody is really cute and this is |
|
| 32:03 | over plate and basically just a cotton until they a beta hemolytic stripped and |
|
| 32:11 | it right. And then did the the alpha sign in the so this |
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| 32:22 | a complete clearer which is characterized beta . This is more kind of a |
|
| 32:27 | color and so is partial. So kind of really just oxidizing the iron |
|
| 32:34 | hemoglobin which is kind of a reddish , partial license, complete him |
|
| 32:39 | So G A. S stands for A strep group A strep are pretty |
|
| 32:48 | there there all all members have have just because they don't like but they're |
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| 32:57 | patterns in that group. So the one that has multiple types of |
|
| 33:07 | Okay, it's a nasty. So you have gone into the doctor with |
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| 33:12 | sore throat and then do a throat and you see uh this on the |
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| 33:18 | . Um So it tells, okay say it's a it's probably group a |
|
| 33:24 | likely because this is the one that strep throat. All right. So |
|
| 33:28 | look in the microscope and see see then that's pretty definitive but fairly presumptive |
|
| 33:37 | that's you. So um and so look at the different groups and the |
|
| 33:47 | . Okay again this beer dances another term but it relates to the is |
|
| 33:55 | oral back your cavities ah Among others that's hard right there. Um um |
|
| 34:06 | of bacteria that cause um diseases of math like cavities uh periodontal disease |
|
| 34:16 | But this is one okay particularly not much periodontal disease which kind of gets |
|
| 34:23 | the this is more on to surface cavities in general as staff are to |
|
| 34:35 | fermenters ensures. And um in the um uh presentation creates acidity right? |
|
| 34:44 | that can also break tend to break the enamel uh leading potentially to Calgary's |
|
| 34:52 | teeth. That's uh that's what that . It can so dental procedures like |
|
| 35:01 | reason people um root canal that these procedures where bacteria in your mouth can |
|
| 35:14 | get into the blood I guess obviously are invasive procedures right? And um |
|
| 35:22 | is one comes by you can so gets the travels I guess on your |
|
| 35:27 | valve. It kind of sticks there it can cause information leading to a |
|
| 35:33 | of problems with your heart function. um That's of course what you when |
|
| 35:40 | get it would be too full for reason. Okay or other oral |
|
| 35:47 | The money I also that that's that's in our discussion on purgatory infections. |
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| 35:55 | I'm not the sandwich now. I'll . Um But we've already meningitis is |
|
| 36:00 | thing um about that in a So a number of different diseases. |
|
| 36:07 | and and Phillip Pappas is one that's little bit different. It's A |
|
| 36:11 | I. Tract. All the other are kind of most of the skin |
|
| 36:15 | infections but this one causes gi tract . Okay so um okay various |
|
| 36:24 | We've seen these before. Okay the overlap with staff here in a number |
|
| 36:31 | experience factors. Okay um remember that prevent proper activation, adherence as |
|
| 36:40 | So um the short drugs, what call meningitis is kind of the I |
|
| 36:50 | the fancy term for sore throat. so stressed. Oh certainly. Uh |
|
| 36:55 | so let's just go to that real . I'll come back to that. |
|
| 37:01 | . Okay the we talk about sore in the context of respiratory tract so |
|
| 37:10 | not there yet but we'll stick with skin infections now but struck what's up |
|
| 37:16 | we to these other conditions like um fever like um these superficial skin |
|
| 37:25 | Okay it can travel from there and cause these other kinds of issues. |
|
| 37:30 | and so romantic fever. Right, this is about immunological cross reaction. |
|
| 37:36 | , so antibodies can are produced in to an antigen. Okay, if |
|
| 37:45 | encounters another engine it's very very similar structure. Right then it can't react |
|
| 37:54 | those cross reaction. Right. Remember back right? With Jenner and tap |
|
| 38:01 | smallpox. Right. So the the cowpox works on smallpox and is |
|
| 38:09 | less dangerous because doesn't cause disease in . Okay. But very similar. |
|
| 38:14 | they invited can work on both. here um the m protein of strap |
|
| 38:22 | is has similarity to um these heart proteins. Okay and also to uh |
|
| 38:33 | collagen fibers and joints. Okay, causing arthritis. So anybody's create anybody |
|
| 38:42 | in proteins and strep can they cross with heart muscle and heart muscle |
|
| 38:48 | Uh in some cases to connective tissue joints get very similarly in between the |
|
| 38:57 | and of course you cause issues. , This can cause uh actually cause |
|
| 39:02 | , it was the negative tissue causing in your joints. So with the |
|
| 39:09 | for that it's called is that name they got the secondary immune response antibodies |
|
| 39:17 | the pathogen, specifically the n But then there's similarity to another engine |
|
| 39:22 | anybody to also react. But those kind of like uh conditioner in |
|
| 39:31 | Okay, um now uh so you're simples and necrotizing. Okay, so |
|
| 39:39 | looked at um uh tiego scalded skin uppermost kind of layers of skin. |
|
| 39:50 | so now we're slowly getting deeper, , deeper. Ok so the simplest |
|
| 39:55 | at the top picture. Okay that's kind of really deep red rash. |
|
| 40:04 | let me see here. Okay and we're getting a little bit deeper comes |
|
| 40:10 | uh what they called thermal layers and , deeper than that, deeper than |
|
| 40:16 | is advertising fast right here you see was he involved there? So um |
|
| 40:23 | it can start these can starts in cases from strep throat. Okay. |
|
| 40:29 | um but more often very simplest begins kind of an abrasion to the skin |
|
| 40:37 | not really created then then my dear and particularly they have a battery of |
|
| 40:45 | . Uh that's kind of what separates my degree of toxins possessed. |
|
| 40:51 | So more toxins uh and he's and like you're on a date college in |
|
| 40:58 | etcetera penetration. You know obviously you see how deeply penetrating is here from |
|
| 41:06 | fasciitis compared to your simplest but kind just um variations of each other but |
|
| 41:13 | different in terms of how deep, penetrating it becomes china. Um the |
|
| 41:24 | any questions and don't throw things happening it's um the other question is |
|
| 41:31 | Okay um Alright so let's look at breath here and get this cooper |
|
| 41:38 | Okay let me this over here. most respiratory um infections and gi tract |
|
| 41:50 | are blank in nature, bacterial fungal the zone or viral. Yeah fire |
|
| 42:07 | all this stress. They all have same it. Uh No so even |
|
| 42:17 | strep papaya genies strings they'll vary in types of various factors they'll have. |
|
| 42:24 | so it's If that will vary. . No no one sorry strap will |
|
| 42:30 | all of them and they will vary within a species as well. Uh |
|
| 42:39 | the enzymes. Mhm. Yeah more you uh I would say can you |
|
| 43:00 | you do it one more time? think I missed the last part. |
|
| 43:07 | . Yeah the stress. Okay. . Right. Right. Yeah. |
|
| 43:21 | terms of yeah in terms of individual so a mutant versus yeah mutants will |
|
| 43:28 | a different collection, correct? That's . That's right. That's right. |
|
| 43:33 | Okay so we were able to split bacteria and environment. That makes |
|
| 43:39 | Okay the answer is so um uh and in generally the viral versions tend |
|
| 43:55 | be more prevalent and less severe and bacterial origins are the ones that is |
|
| 44:02 | severe. Mhm. Think of common versus the flu or pneumonia. Okay |
|
| 44:13 | call this differently. That's benign. not gonna say in every case. |
|
| 44:17 | true but most cases that holds Okay G. I tract infections stomach |
|
| 44:25 | so that's the viral nature um and prevalent and but again to be not |
|
| 44:32 | serious as the bacterial versions are. so um so respiratory tract infections. |
|
| 44:41 | . Um Where bacteria come into play uh is um and this is not |
|
| 44:51 | for G. I. Tract infections infections it's a problem that you have |
|
| 44:56 | viral um uh infection and then you and then bacterial secondary infection occurs |
|
| 45:08 | E. Pneumonia. Okay uh And pneumonia is worse, pneumonia is often |
|
| 45:15 | required hospitalization. Okay Whereas the flu know you generally have to go to |
|
| 45:21 | hospital for that. Um But yeah being bacterial bacterial infection, viral |
|
| 45:27 | bacterial type is typically worse. Um And so we rate this down |
|
| 45:34 | the upper and lower respiratory tract So here is stripped again so strep |
|
| 45:39 | is in the context of so but this can once you know while in |
|
| 45:51 | mode in some cases the Strip Cannon produced another disease. Not uncommon is |
|
| 46:01 | scarlet fever. And so bronchitis, , strep throat. The Scarlet fever |
|
| 46:11 | one that's uh generally that's it's not not common to find that in Children |
|
| 46:19 | 10 years old killing and three younger . Um So this original manic toxin |
|
| 46:25 | on vocabulary these and violates them like dilates caballos. And what that does |
|
| 46:32 | of course skin right? And it this verse bribery like red color. |
|
| 46:42 | one of those diseases that's um scary of the way somebody looks with |
|
| 46:47 | Okay. But is everything it's something get over with pretty pretty quickly but |
|
| 46:56 | does look kind of shocking. And see some money with this. Um |
|
| 46:59 | really deep red skin rash. You do a little fever. But it |
|
| 47:04 | something you you can easily treat. diphtheria. Okay, so diphtheria certainly |
|
| 47:14 | the earlier part of the century, previous century, 13 20 thirties, |
|
| 47:21 | diphtheria was just decimating Children in And uh that that there was one |
|
| 47:32 | the cases of where you saw the effect of vaccination, one of the |
|
| 47:37 | effective diseases where you saw that. because cases cases of serial killer, |
|
| 47:43 | dramatic drop within a year or so a vaccination. And um it's so |
|
| 47:52 | back character is one of those that the weird uniform non uniform shapes, |
|
| 47:58 | ? As he's club shapes and irregular forms. So it says that morph |
|
| 48:06 | . Okay, so they are gram and as you see kind of a |
|
| 48:11 | forms here again, just they're not , they're not all cocks ID. |
|
| 48:15 | rods are kind of just weird shapes this characteristic of that group. So |
|
| 48:21 | theory to as I mentioned, the and the the current vaccine is called |
|
| 48:31 | . Dap. Alright, that's it's it's changed in name and in structure |
|
| 48:38 | well. Man, I'll mention that in a second in the context of |
|
| 48:42 | one. So the piece of the is tetanus. D is that |
|
| 48:45 | P. Is pertussis? Okay, it's a try three headed vaccine, |
|
| 48:51 | to speak. Trying again. D . Okay so we'll we'll revisit this |
|
| 49:01 | the context of pertussis. Okay but look here. So the theory is |
|
| 49:07 | of something cold like symptoms in the . Um There's a there's a toxin |
|
| 49:14 | . Okay this characteristic pseudo membrane that okay so early on the fashion. |
|
| 49:21 | it's hard because it's like a sore typically include a fever. Um Then |
|
| 49:27 | produces a toxin produced this kind of and throat. It can cause a |
|
| 49:33 | in the back of your throat and your body responds to that and reform |
|
| 49:38 | factors and things. So and that the fire of reform that trap also |
|
| 49:43 | caroni bacterium agent together right collection of and finders and fluid comes together to |
|
| 49:53 | that gray pseudo membrane. Okay that's distinctive for um the theory is a |
|
| 50:01 | membrane. So back to the the . Alright that's terrorism future. I |
|
| 50:06 | what went right theory. Okay so can't get it can get big enough |
|
| 50:14 | membrane where it can impair breathing and can you can you can have quite |
|
| 50:20 | problem trying to breathe that's blocking your obviously. Right um now it has |
|
| 50:27 | toxins that will get into the bloodstream it can cause the worst aspects. |
|
| 50:33 | I believe it's a toxin that inhibits synthesis so that of course will be |
|
| 50:39 | for the target cells that are taking hit but it is of course completely |
|
| 50:46 | through vaccination active cases can be treated antibiotics. But nowadays this theory because |
|
| 50:53 | vaccinations theory is not prevalent. It's obviously killing Children like it was several |
|
| 51:00 | decades ago but um mild. It's a skin acquired for the skin but |
|
| 51:09 | uh do not talk the same type symptoms as as the respiratory form |
|
| 51:17 | Um Now uh let's see lower respiratory fashion. So so another multi toxin |
|
| 51:31 | . Okay so the border teller pertussis negative short run. So when you |
|
| 51:37 | the trump koksal bacillus that typically means short rod shape. Um So remember |
|
| 51:43 | innate immune system defense that mucosal Salieri . Right so cecilia you trade your |
|
| 51:50 | constantly. Uh plus the production of . Right, trap any part particulates |
|
| 51:57 | whatnot keep in mind your lungs. the this has toxins that will actively |
|
| 52:05 | the cells that produce to Celia. so you see in this picture |
|
| 52:12 | It sells right these long projections and yellowish are the uh is the pertussis |
|
| 52:20 | ? Okay and so there's kind of couple of stages that goes through so |
|
| 52:25 | have trade real toxin that damages these cell types. Uh professors toxin that |
|
| 52:31 | think is a one that the image synthesis. It can cause more systemic |
|
| 52:37 | that trade real toxin is more specific this area here. The toxin systemic |
|
| 52:44 | orphans and whatnot. Um So the states of Kotaro stage lasts for a |
|
| 52:51 | of weeks, people just looks like common quote, Okay, you may |
|
| 52:56 | slight fever. Uh, you it's a lot of these symptoms |
|
| 53:00 | you know, fatigue, cold, symptoms, headache, these kind of |
|
| 53:06 | , uh not nothing serious yet, during this Kitaro stages when these toxins |
|
| 53:11 | accumulating, Okay, so they reach level at which then they really produce |
|
| 53:16 | worst effects in the paroxysmal stage. . Um, and so if you |
|
| 53:24 | lacking the city itself, so this of this musical Salieri escalator is not |
|
| 53:34 | . They're silly. I want you're you have mucus that's accumulating. |
|
| 53:40 | . And you obviously are having trouble and coughing violently. Okay. And |
|
| 53:46 | it's really uh bad for infant very Children because instant, particularly if it's |
|
| 53:55 | violently. What what often happens is baby has uh neurological issues because the |
|
| 54:04 | shaking causes, you know, uh informing the brain that causes impaired brain |
|
| 54:11 | . So that's that's that's the worst obviously, but it's it's not, |
|
| 54:16 | unavoidable because of the coughing and the spasms and things trying to breathe. |
|
| 54:21 | . Um, it is people with , but certainly the vaccine is what |
|
| 54:27 | can do. Um, and to over. It takes a few months |
|
| 54:33 | as well. So, um, , in terms of the vaccine, |
|
| 54:39 | , it's changed in terms of form as well. Um, in 2012 |
|
| 54:48 | was seen a Rise in professors among 12, 13 year old Children and |
|
| 54:58 | would have been about five years since were a pan the first vaccine |
|
| 55:04 | the last booster uh, for for the mexican. And so what's going |
|
| 55:12 | here? And apparently the immunity when that after a few years it was |
|
| 55:19 | long lasting. So it was attributed the vaccine. And so they went |
|
| 55:25 | a different format to their self So it's a it's a it's certainly |
|
| 55:30 | an antitoxin type toxoid vaccine because diphtheria tetanus toxin and percussive toxin. That's |
|
| 55:39 | the vaccine is two. Uh, anyway, it turns out the construction |
|
| 55:43 | magazine is what helped increase the community and of course the cases went down |
|
| 55:50 | they developed the vaccine. But it to show you that um, you |
|
| 55:55 | , even with vaccination there after a , you know, you still have |
|
| 55:59 | have to um, that's, that's one thing to talk about here is |
|
| 56:06 | , all infectious diseases in this country law have to be reported. |
|
| 56:13 | So, we know that there are of, of all the things we're |
|
| 56:19 | about 10-26 certainly are such as these are reported. You have to |
|
| 56:24 | So we have this whole database of of things that, you know, |
|
| 56:29 | all kinds of infectious diseases. So can keep on top of things like |
|
| 56:34 | . Right? So we've seen up cases we go, what's that |
|
| 56:38 | Right, so we have a date time to see a as a problem |
|
| 56:42 | then just find it solution to. , so uh those are interested there's |
|
| 56:51 | it's called more liquidity and mortality weekly . W. R. R. |
|
| 57:00 | report. Um a list of all types of infectious diseases that are going |
|
| 57:09 | in the country and around the Uh the end of the year is |
|
| 57:12 | use the whole yeah all the data the entire year but you may find |
|
| 57:18 | mmwr morbidity and mortality. Weekly Okay. Um Any questions? |
|
| 57:29 | let's see your hand. Starting to . That's fine. Um Okay, |
|
| 57:36 | . So pneumonia is caused by a of things that viral pneumonia is bacterial |
|
| 57:45 | . Fungal pneumonia, I think for old evolved you see a list |
|
| 57:52 | Number one on the list. so again, strep change. This |
|
| 58:00 | is in pairs actually. So parsimonious . Very positive. Okay. Sick |
|
| 58:06 | Okay, um uh spread by airborne of course. Um so secondary |
|
| 58:14 | so not uncommon to have to say first viral flu and in the |
|
| 58:25 | Okay, what is it you start run its course right? Simply don't |
|
| 58:32 | any kind of treatment, just like most viral diseases as it runs its |
|
| 58:36 | and you get over it. what is the one thing they tell |
|
| 58:40 | where you have the flu to what, see how to do what |
|
| 58:48 | , drink? Hydrate drink, drink water, drink juice, drink |
|
| 58:53 | okay hydrate yourself? Of course some that diligently but related about it. |
|
| 59:03 | And so when you see the effect that can be um the so remember |
|
| 59:09 | to the mucus Salieri escalator. So the mucus when you get dehydrated |
|
| 59:16 | having got over the flu your mucus get um fit. Okay not the |
|
| 59:23 | viscosity let's say okay. And so that kind of somewhat impaired that |
|
| 59:31 | right? And that's that can be opportunity for a secondary infection to |
|
| 59:37 | Okay come in. Right and then worse damage. Okay and so what |
|
| 59:46 | will do it will get into the . And so typically it's what we |
|
| 59:50 | low bar pneumonia. You get. affects one or the other of the |
|
| 59:55 | of the lungs. It's not common affect both. It's either one or |
|
| 59:58 | other. And so what happens is gets in there and it will induce |
|
| 60:06 | will begin to cliff. Right? you do have um fluid that's around |
|
| 60:13 | remember the lungs. And then these um small piece uh clusters of little |
|
| 60:21 | were at the al right? There's surrounding them um could be nutrient |
|
| 60:26 | And so the stand the streptococcus pneumonia they will begin to proliferate. Their |
|
| 60:31 | increase, induces a new response. you're gonna have these our be older |
|
| 60:37 | running around right? You'll start to the threat. Famous of ties but |
|
| 60:44 | induce you know the unsanitary response production psychic clients et cetera. Right? |
|
| 60:51 | that occurs then you will get a of cells will show up but then |
|
| 61:00 | so you have fluid build up trying fight this infection, right? And |
|
| 61:07 | what causes you know we need to paired. Right? So what food |
|
| 61:12 | up in the lungs. It can not uncommon to be hospitalized because of |
|
| 61:17 | . And uh of course when you to shut it off, shut down |
|
| 61:22 | infection as soon as you can get still effective penicillin and just in time |
|
| 61:27 | showing up. Um But you don't to get you don't want to worsen |
|
| 61:33 | obviously you're breathing can be impaired and you can affect uh when breathing becomes |
|
| 61:38 | you can affect other other parts of body. Obviously not getting enough |
|
| 61:42 | You likely would have to go on . So um but it's it's nothing |
|
| 61:47 | fool around with. And there was vaccine the vaccine is more for my |
|
| 61:55 | . Okay I've been told to get vaccine the last five years now I |
|
| 62:00 | get it. But like like with these infectious diseases the one that's most |
|
| 62:06 | are always very young. Very out those on the on the older side |
|
| 62:13 | . Okay. Yeah. Hello. you for that. That's right. |
|
| 62:24 | right. Um Oh okay. There's else I have to say here. |
|
| 62:28 | yeah, the bottom part. um, yeah, we'll talk about |
|
| 62:33 | nervous system happening next time. But will come up again. Not uncommon |
|
| 62:41 | ceremonial to progress. Um, spread the central nervous system. This is |
|
| 62:47 | second Neisseria. Meningitis is number one terms of causing meningitis. This is |
|
| 62:52 | two and it's not, it's not far behind. So it's only the |
|
| 62:56 | leading cause of meningitis. Um, , so here's the question. |
|
| 63:03 | so other diseases so far. so listen, so we had skin |
|
| 63:13 | soft tissue infections. So its staff , this area Bactrim mm hmm. |
|
| 63:28 | the telephone taxes and just finish up apartment. So what did the reservoir |
|
| 63:41 | best guess it really hits. It's evidence. Yes. Okay. Mm |
|
| 64:16 | . Yeah. Alright. Let's And truce. It is humans |
|
| 64:30 | Right? So you get the you get your throat, you get |
|
| 64:36 | , you get this and that blame familiar human contract. Um, |
|
| 64:46 | so legionella. Uh, yeah, disease. So this was um, |
|
| 64:56 | remember this from uh, 1976, huge in this country. Why is |
|
| 65:05 | ? It's a big celebration that That's just bicentennial, 200 Anniversary of |
|
| 65:14 | signing of the independence on July 1976, huge. Okay. All |
|
| 65:21 | up to the summer and they had kinds of Building on July four |
|
| 65:26 | all kinds of fireworks and stuff. ask your parents about it. |
|
| 65:30 | Our grandparents. Um It was uh , I remember that. That's the |
|
| 65:37 | . Uh even though I'm much older you are, does anybody know the |
|
| 65:43 | Rocky? Yeah, that's when that came out. Um The uh |
|
| 65:53 | And and it really coming in this outbreak before that, it wasn't really |
|
| 65:58 | of all the is kind of one these that's found and lots of parts |
|
| 66:04 | the environment. Right, soil, , et cetera. Um So this |
|
| 66:09 | atypical pneumonia. Okay, so typical is what you see with pneumonia. |
|
| 66:19 | . Typically a more serious form of required hospitalization or serious symptoms. A |
|
| 66:28 | is not that the medical deterrent walking . Okay. These because the milder |
|
| 66:37 | milder symptoms. Okay, so this one of those, although led to |
|
| 66:44 | deaths in this outbreak, but that's to another factor that will get you |
|
| 66:48 | a second. But so these guys gram negative, there are motile with |
|
| 66:55 | single for gel. Um They live a minibus typically. Okay, so |
|
| 67:01 | just get that out so you can here it's not that obvious really. |
|
| 67:07 | actually are inside of this media This has these right here kind of |
|
| 67:14 | together. Anyway, so let's look the living environment, particularly quiet environments |
|
| 67:22 | Amoebas. Um and they also had effect you there one of these uh |
|
| 67:30 | sailor faculty sailor uh type of Okay, so they'll get inside of |
|
| 67:36 | macrophage for example, do you remember invasions and put those in there? |
|
| 67:40 | that cell will engulf it. Um that's what listeria is of each |
|
| 67:46 | every. Excuse me. And so do you, what's the typical ground |
|
| 67:50 | here? Well, okay. I'm gonna go into the physics of how |
|
| 67:55 | h practiced um worked okay. But commercial um unit. Okay. Of |
|
| 68:07 | , weekends on top of the Uh so called what it's all |
|
| 68:13 | So you have these water towers that you have a Fanboy and unsafe to |
|
| 68:21 | and you have he has changed occurring produce cool air. So you're turning |
|
| 68:26 | thermostat on they see as a mechanism do that. So you have um |
|
| 68:32 | gonna have water droplets, aerosols in air. Okay. As a result |
|
| 68:37 | this process now, the source comes what? And water and cooling |
|
| 68:43 | Right. Yes. Those cooling towers maintained clean, properly disinfected. And |
|
| 68:49 | her on a regular basis. Then water in there can be contained these |
|
| 68:55 | of things. Okay. And in outbreak I mentioned earlier, That's what |
|
| 69:02 | was in the 70s businesses informational occurred hotel where these systems are maintained. |
|
| 69:11 | the spots as well hot tubs Also think I have a list here. |
|
| 69:18 | . There we go. Just an . Obviously don't memorize this. Um |
|
| 69:23 | every year this is just 2019. every year I said look at ever |
|
| 69:29 | year There was, you know, or 7, 10 dozen upgrades like |
|
| 69:35 | . Not big necessarily convenient, maybe people. But in some cases more |
|
| 69:41 | this is uh but uh you see common denominator, hot tub water |
|
| 69:48 | cooling tower pool and hot tub. ? And so um all coming down |
|
| 69:54 | the generic disease. Okay. Now As mentioned, the outbreak in |
|
| 70:02 | Okay, so um the uh the from let's go, people will tell |
|
| 70:11 | this conference was american League. So thing about the american legion is that |
|
| 70:19 | are veterans of previous wars. So that means overwhelmingly the members of |
|
| 70:27 | group are what young to surprise people you. Yeah, they're old people |
|
| 70:37 | like the perfect storm happening. So atypical pneumonia where it should be given |
|
| 70:42 | milder symptoms, but because we're talking older people will most likely had underlying |
|
| 70:49 | whether you know, whatever that may , Um and smoke smoking and correlates |
|
| 70:55 | , you know, getting worse symptoms weekend, there's likely wouldn't have |
|
| 70:59 | Certainly. So um so uh 29 died. So they traced it to |
|
| 71:06 | one hotel really. Um and the tower and the water contaminated with |
|
| 71:13 | So it was that with it's just in june uh june july time |
|
| 71:25 | Um Of course hot. Right? gonna have the ec y summer it's |
|
| 71:30 | . So a c running even so a chance for this to |
|
| 71:35 | Okay so um again normally most of will healthy systems will right out. |
|
| 71:45 | but if you if you don't then can be quite serious. And so |
|
| 71:51 | sentence you see they're short of breath nausea vomiting if it gets really |
|
| 71:57 | Again the worst effects coming to the york compromised people. Okay um You |
|
| 72:04 | treat with antibiotics. Um The but maintaining prevention of things to maintain these |
|
| 72:15 | a track systems and similar ones where rely on these water sources to get |
|
| 72:22 | part of the how the thing Okay. Um So what next? |
|
| 72:32 | any questions so far? Yes. correct. That's right. That's |
|
| 72:42 | Um The you know that uh I'm say I don't it don't happen. |
|
| 72:51 | not gonna ask you to list on test the symptoms and diseases because there's |
|
| 72:58 | lot of just relax. So I'm going to get that that thinking about |
|
| 73:02 | just happened there's some that are pretty if you have tetanus. That's not |
|
| 73:09 | symptom spasms you know but things like like malaise and fatigue don't don't worry |
|
| 73:19 | much about that. Okay. Um this is gonna be in the top |
|
| 73:25 | little bit about G. I tract . Um So let me open this |
|
| 73:31 | these bacteria do not infect your stomach intestines that you don't have to um |
|
| 73:43 | don't have to get into your The cells themselves do not have to |
|
| 73:48 | there, but they nonetheless can cause poisoning. Okay. So um what |
|
| 73:56 | you building this over um the microaggressions infections? Gi tract infections are mostly |
|
| 74:05 | to viruses, right? Um The worst effects of attract illness. |
|
| 74:14 | didn't intended to bacteria protozoa. All will mention a couple of protozoa |
|
| 74:47 | Okay. Yeah. Okay. Let's what we get. Mm hmm. |
|
| 75:05 | coli try um Who answered? Uh . Alright. How how does how |
|
| 75:16 | is it c it is c So you know so some of them |
|
| 75:28 | write is that that affects it's So does dysentery and Nicola there's like |
|
| 75:37 | then pathogenesis strep throat. So So I guess the only other option |
|
| 75:44 | arguing, correct? So, positive . Right? So this is you've |
|
| 75:51 | of the uh um potato salad at picnic and I got home when I |
|
| 75:58 | got sick. Okay so uh so could some staff already can produce uh |
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| 76:06 | toxic. So back to the example the potato salad right to make potato |
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| 76:12 | . Um You know you got your , of course staff can be on |
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| 76:16 | skin, you can do this It's often your nasal passages and then |
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| 76:21 | peeling potatoes and whatever else. And so then with the potato salad |
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| 76:25 | out right nice at room temperature and from the staff liberating they grow. |
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| 76:31 | produce toxins and toxins now sitting on of that detail salad. Then you |
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| 76:36 | it, right? And so you sick so you don't get sick because |
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| 76:41 | staff's getting into your got you get because they produce toxin that was sitting |
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| 76:46 | your food. Graduate toxin is what the damage. Okay, so that's |
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| 76:52 | one of those that you can think struck priorities. Obviously it's not artists |
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| 76:57 | you e coli or salmonella shigella. are going to get foodborne or waterborne |
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| 77:04 | , they suggest. But staff at oddball like the staph aureus, staff |
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| 77:09 | not built to withstand going with your and surviving. So the toxin is |
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| 77:15 | . Um we'll stop there folks, we'll finish up next time and uh |
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| 77:23 | you then. |
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