| 00:01 | welcome everyone to neuroscience 43 15 For undergraduate students. It's also 63 15 |
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| 00:11 | the graduate students. It's really, I mentioned that president a times every |
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| 00:18 | time until this semester, because there long teaching last year until this semester |
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| 00:24 | in the classroom and so have and you've seen your professors and you've |
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| 00:29 | to them and we had this life . But during these times, |
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| 00:35 | I think we'll do the best that can and probably learn as well, |
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| 00:40 | not better in some instances, and to have a really engaging, |
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| 00:46 | lectures as well as participations and, , work that we will do in |
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| 00:55 | that we do throughout the course. so the slide that you're seeing our |
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| 01:01 | a glimpse of what we will be about. We will be learning about |
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| 01:07 | central nervous system, the central nervous , which essentially, uh, is |
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| 01:16 | off the brain and the spinal and it is the major controlling organ |
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| 01:24 | your body. And this, major controlling organ off your body is |
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| 01:32 | . Teoh essentially every in more soul your body through this final chord and |
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| 01:40 | complexity of the brain is, vast what you're seeing in the large |
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| 01:48 | our neurons, these brain cells, community to each other through specialized areas |
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| 01:57 | are called synapses, and so this and the brain is an electrochemical |
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| 02:05 | And it's a communication between billions brain that form trillions of connections and the |
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| 02:16 | , the emotions memories that you experience motor demands that you send every day |
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| 02:23 | your body to learn to do things all originate in the central nervous system |
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| 02:30 | different parts of the central nervous system has highlighted in the image on the |
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| 02:35 | in different pictures serves a different It's all interconnected. But there |
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| 02:42 | ah, localization function where specific lobes the brain, even the frontal |
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| 02:51 | the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe the occipital lobe. They are responsible |
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| 02:56 | some major functions and are specifically tasked those functions and the CMS and these |
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| 03:06 | that works. They communicate with each , and they communicate with electrical sparks |
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| 03:13 | action potentials and with chemicals called And by having these complex communications through |
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| 03:24 | and trillions of synapses, they create . Our brains do through active |
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| 03:31 | off abstains and down states, up and down states of ability. And |
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| 03:38 | constantly after dating different parts of the . And so you can think off |
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| 03:48 | parts off the brain as oscillators oscillators whose activity do is up and down |
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| 04:00 | the different parts of areas of the are in visits. Terms are linked |
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| 04:07 | , coupled oscillators. That means that part of the brain, each different |
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| 04:12 | Loeb and even their specific areas within lobes feed perform one function. Have |
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| 04:19 | electrical sparks, an electrochemical communication and oscillations within certain frequencies, while other |
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| 04:26 | of the brain will be processing different of information and will be oscillating at |
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| 04:32 | different frequency. And those parts of brain will be communicating with each |
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| 04:38 | especially if the information that they need process this relevant to the specific parts |
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| 04:44 | the brain. Now, before we them, Teoh the whole neuroscience. |
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| 04:51 | would like Teoh tell you about the , and you will find the material |
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| 04:56 | the course. Following this lecture, will be finding lecture notes when this |
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| 05:04 | , um and I will be sharing lot of these lecture knows I had |
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| 05:11 | time, so there will be uploading . They're typically two or three electricity |
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| 05:17 | of what we're talking about. The important time minutes populated. Lau year |
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| 05:24 | the blind board, learn is the in bus. It is noted, |
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| 05:29 | , this draft because of the unprecedented that we're going through and the potential |
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| 05:36 | that we may have Teoh all collectively during this semester. But let's walk |
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| 05:43 | the syllabus. So is to fall the year that most of us will |
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| 05:49 | try to forget, uh or will be able to forget, despite trying |
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| 05:57 | the parts of the brain that are for memory and especially learning and memorizing |
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| 06:06 | events. Or they're powerful events such coded 19 is called the hippocampus, |
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| 06:13 | we will learn about the hippocampus. this course, the secret is in |
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| 06:18 | horse, which means that I am . But I will also record the |
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| 06:28 | tress. We will be meeting on Zoom link, the Monday and Wednesday |
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| 06:34 | 1 to 2:30 p.m. And as we're through the syllabus, you will realize |
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| 06:40 | our official meeting time is 1 to 30. So I think we'll be |
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| 06:45 | closer to about 2 15. How would typically in the normal class |
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| 06:50 | uh, every Wednesday following the regular time. I will continue reviewing the |
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| 06:59 | that I covered through the week and a cover and review that material. |
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| 07:07 | will also be your opportunity. Ask any outstanding questions, and this |
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| 07:14 | essentially like an open office hours every after the electricity around 2 15 to |
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| 07:24 | . Unless we don't have a lecture that Wednesday or you are taking an |
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| 07:30 | on that Wednesday, my name is Cooper's Uber goes. It's pretty difficult |
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| 07:35 | pronounce. So I go by Dr most of the time my colleagues as |
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| 07:43 | a students call me. I think pretty cool when I get full Dr |
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| 07:48 | Z, Um, but in any , you're welcome to address Meus. |
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| 07:54 | , Dr Z, I am from originally, and the CIA. This |
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| 08:00 | name. You promise you Bergersen these symbols and a little bit about |
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| 08:07 | I'm a neuroscientist. I'm a neurophysiologist . And in addition to being a |
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| 08:15 | on having in neurophysiology and Neuroimaging Research of Thing. The person Houston most |
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| 08:23 | had an opportunity to be involved in Nouriel world, first through the University |
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| 08:30 | Houston and working with the borrow College Business later by hotting my company opening |
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| 08:39 | doing successful business. Ventress through the of Houston Innovation Centre as well is |
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| 08:46 | personal dry for entrepreneurship, which is science based and very much so. |
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| 08:53 | based as well. So that gives an impression of myself. I have |
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| 08:58 | tenured professor at University of Houston and have joined your evasion 2006. That's |
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| 09:06 | to be 14 years now. The way to reach me is Jason Berkus |
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| 09:12 | you evasion on you. My office located him. HB is being biomedical |
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| 09:20 | building fourth floor for 38 I will very rarely stopping in there over the |
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| 09:28 | two months or so, depending on everything proceeds. So if you |
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| 09:34 | uh, Osti questions doing these office on Wednesday because you cannot pretend for |
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| 09:39 | circumstances. So you have another class after this. You want them to |
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| 09:44 | me, just schedule a meeting. personal zoom virtual meeting with me. |
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| 09:51 | , the full zoom invitation is a of the document. If you, |
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| 09:55 | whole have seen I don't think I to tell you to go to Syria |
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| 09:59 | on there. The griffin I based material on Isner size exploring the |
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| 10:05 | Fourth edition on a lot of the that I will be presenting is actually |
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| 10:12 | the lecture material. So if you're the mantra material of the slides and |
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| 10:18 | will follow some of these recorded, just you very likely be able to |
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| 10:23 | all of the necessary materials. if you do have access can afford |
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| 10:29 | of it used online version off exploring brain. Fourth edition. That's a |
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| 10:33 | book. And I'll tell you about a little bit more. Uh, |
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| 10:37 | courses advanced study of anatomy and physiology the central nervous system. The materials |
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| 10:44 | on blackboard. Learn the communication with is by email, and I described |
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| 10:51 | I typically respond within a day. also want to do if I don't |
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| 10:56 | to you within a couple of which could be an issue and either |
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| 10:59 | of our sides and we can resolve eso If you can hand get ahold |
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| 11:06 | me for a couple of days, feel free to ask the question after |
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| 11:09 | class are requested. Time If you some questions about the material especially, |
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| 11:16 | , every Wednesday after class, this be Azuma beating Continuation. This is |
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| 11:22 | syllabus. This is the course material we will cover On the first we |
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| 11:29 | talk about with history of neuroscience Neuron Leah Neuronal number and a trust and |
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| 11:36 | potentials So well, essentially, during first section of the course, we |
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| 11:42 | learn about individual neurons and glia and the produce these action potentials. During |
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| 11:51 | second portion of the course, we learn about how the cells communicate with |
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| 11:57 | other, not just individual synapses, also that for Saudi, communicate with |
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| 12:02 | other. And then we'll go back sort of a bird's eye view again |
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| 12:07 | CNN s parts and functions. So we understand the individual units, are |
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| 12:12 | function? I'm they communicated with each . Now we're gonna go back and |
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| 12:16 | at the growth structure, anatomy of brain, the parts of functions of |
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| 12:21 | brain, and then the third portion the course. We will tell them |
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| 12:26 | the systems. These are visual systems deterrence. The matter sensory. Uh |
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| 12:33 | then we will talk about covert in brain, and the last lecture will |
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| 12:38 | on pharmaceutical can adenoids and radical final influence. This is actually my area |
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| 12:43 | expertise as well as my entrepreneurship by to pursue, uh, pharmaceutical, |
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| 12:52 | eyes and medical Final kidnapping was so can see that each one of these |
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| 12:57 | that then, uh, framed by term exams for their three midterm exams |
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| 13:02 | the final exam is your final examined not fuelling. Cumulative is one third |
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| 13:08 | the final grade, so essentially tuned terms of final or three in |
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| 13:14 | Uh, this is a mistake. bow. It says mentum. One |
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| 13:17 | should be midterm to on this line . No, let's see glass meetings |
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| 13:27 | you enter class meeting. We already about it. I will be You |
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| 13:30 | be in the waiting room and then will meet everyone. You, |
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| 13:34 | use the chat, but I may be able Teoh, check the chat |
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| 13:41 | of the time because it's a bit a distraction as I lecture, but |
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| 13:45 | will try to track it that that least maybe halfway through in that they |
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| 13:50 | each lecture. If you have any questions, um, let's see. |
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| 13:58 | it's time for me. Teoh. the chat and see what's happening in |
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| 14:03 | chat with Working Farm. Sure, sick of the courses being offered |
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| 14:12 | Synchronous online format. Let's talk about . So I have this thing called |
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| 14:17 | to Captain Blows a list of guidelines may find useful middle class. We |
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| 14:23 | it without colleagues. He self respectful of others. Virgil on raising |
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| 14:29 | bleeding, being attacks during class Uh, there's etiquette about not grabbing |
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| 14:36 | . Recording the materials is very Uh, using actual nicknames. Actual |
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| 14:44 | , not nicknames are avatars. on the screen. Um, you |
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| 14:51 | repost any course proceeding on materials or it or shared with others and other |
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| 14:58 | . Uh, no attendant shooting students be present in class. That means |
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| 15:07 | they're focused. Intentional listeners. They be on a walk driving, |
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| 15:13 | surfing the web, etcetera because I probably be doing about the same |
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| 15:21 | Walking, driving, taxing, the Web or wind starting, Maybe |
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| 15:26 | . But now. So let's focus during these hours, um, listen |
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| 15:32 | participate in meaningful ways. Uh, the attendance would be recorded by |
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| 15:39 | Now some of you over any be asking questions, that is the |
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| 15:43 | mandatory. What happens if I miss lecture? And I thought that I |
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| 15:49 | view these lectures online, and that's you are recording of So let's let's |
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| 15:55 | the following. I will actually not attendance in the first week. |
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| 16:02 | I will track everybody that's attending, I'm not gonna reported tennis in the |
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| 16:05 | week because people are getting used to technology they're logging in their their connection |
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| 16:11 | not be working, and it may a way so and after this first |
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| 16:15 | will have a policy where if I like for you to attend, and |
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| 16:20 | you cannot do you just have to me know why you cannot attend. |
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| 16:25 | lectures will be available for you if missed the course. Also, if |
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| 16:30 | want to review the course, I excused absence policy on their listed as |
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| 16:39 | . This is also from Provost's office students that's very important. They asked |
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| 16:44 | to tell you this. Students being board all a part of class |
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| 16:48 | stream all a part of class or distribute screen captures good. I've advance |
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| 16:53 | consented instructor. If you have or think you may have a disability is |
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| 16:59 | that you need to record crab class activities. Please contact this. See |
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| 17:05 | his deed central for students with Disabilities you have an accommodation to record class |
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| 17:11 | activities, this recordings may not be with any other student, whether this |
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| 17:17 | or not, but with any other or any other platform glasses maybe recorded |
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| 17:23 | the instructor. Students may using recordings for their own studying and now |
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| 17:31 | and structures. Recordings are not authorized be shared with anyone without the prior |
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| 17:39 | approval Off that structure. Be family comply with the requirements regarding recordings. |
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| 17:46 | result in disciplinary referral to the Dean Students office in May. Result in |
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| 17:52 | action. So he wanted us to this that we take this pretty |
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| 17:58 | University takes it pretty seriously. Students disabilities, we will accommodate them in |
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| 18:05 | . I had a few emails requested them last week, and I will |
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| 18:10 | responding to these today and making sure everybody is taken care off. |
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| 18:16 | it's just strange time, and everybody coping with the situation the best they |
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| 18:22 | . We do have services, would counseling and psychological services. Uh, |
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| 18:28 | you're having difficulties of managing the stress to studies due to colder due to |
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| 18:35 | adjusting to college, um, feeling or a whole bless I think |
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| 18:42 | um, this probably both the hope and hopelessness going around, and |
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| 18:49 | just terrible part of being a part nature. You can reach caps by |
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| 18:56 | this number during and after business hours routine appointments. Or, if you |
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| 19:02 | someone to talk, you know, in crisis. Uh, there's no |
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| 19:08 | necessary for the less stock program, virtual drop in consultation. So if |
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| 19:14 | feel pressed would like to talk to are this might be a good |
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| 19:19 | outlet. If you need to use , you can find the university policies |
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| 19:25 | updates of covered running team, the and grading. This is three exams |
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| 19:32 | essentially split him 23 even parts. exams are about 50 questions each. |
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| 19:40 | , and, uh, the exams be administered by the cost of virtual |
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| 19:45 | center. I put Mawr to be for now, please register with Constant |
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| 19:51 | a log and I d the But I've actually heard from from Casa |
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| 20:01 | ah, I should be able to , Teoh, tell UME or information |
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| 20:09 | the second lecture exactly about what is to be happening in Casa. But |
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| 20:17 | is a virtual exam taking, and is pretty secure for both on professors |
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| 20:26 | students. So the format of the questions may change a little bit because |
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| 20:33 | is going into the Casa virtual Uh, in the meantime, I |
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| 20:39 | also place two lengths and OK, raised their hand and I don't know |
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| 20:48 | to do this, but let's try case of somebody, uh, raise |
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| 20:53 | hand. They have a question. gonna try to attempt this To do |
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| 20:58 | , I will ask them to mute . I'm asking questions. Jane, |
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| 21:09 | ? Yes, Professor. How So I started in a germination. |
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| 21:15 | that a so end of 50 mean ? No. In a MSM one |
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| 21:20 | Drew Sarich ahead. Life 30 meaning so, Like do for 1008. |
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| 21:28 | . Gretchen for truthful. Oh, . Let me explain this a little |
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| 21:33 | . So, like I said, you for the question. Jane, |
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| 21:36 | format may change, but when this isn't there's 50 questions you will have |
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| 21:42 | 50 questions. And this is 20 is a typo. So thank |
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| 21:48 | for for for bringing it up with is really 50 questions. 30 multiple |
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| 21:55 | . 10 to 20 of labelling Which means that I will show you |
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| 21:59 | picture. Ah, who show you picture of the part of the |
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| 22:03 | A part of the neuron? A of the glial south on my last |
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| 22:07 | . What is this part of you know, once functioning before and |
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| 22:11 | when this is supposed to be stand 22 false question. Basically, these |
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| 22:17 | questions are divided about 30 multiple choice then 10 to 20. True and |
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| 22:23 | . 10 to 20 label and And that just depends on the Mister |
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| 22:28 | . But this is probably the format we will follow also could get a |
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| 22:34 | bit modified because of the virtual All right. Good. So I |
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| 22:40 | this is how I was going to . If you have ah question and |
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| 22:44 | timely and it refers to the material we're covering or a part of the |
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| 22:49 | that we're covering, please raise your and I should be able to accept |
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| 22:54 | raised the Have this question. so this is the interim grain |
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| 23:00 | What I put here is a percentages a A minus. B. This |
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| 23:05 | the percentage is that you get by scoring your tastic zap. So let's |
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| 23:09 | fear answered 50 out of 50 questions get 100%. It's an A. |
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| 23:15 | you have answered, uh, uh, 40 out of 50 |
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| 23:23 | you get an 80 and that's a minus. Eso that son of |
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| 23:30 | you know the scale. Uh, may be a little bit of adjustment |
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| 23:36 | current. Sure, we'll see how semester perceives. I do want to |
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| 23:41 | attention that during this to master the system is different. I said we're |
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| 23:46 | discuss it during the first class and can find this policy under the U |
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| 23:52 | age policy seen under an essentially register grading policy this link. So under |
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| 24:02 | policy, and you have the option converting final assigned letter grades to s |
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| 24:08 | applicable to any letter grade from A D Miles or NCR, no credit |
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| 24:15 | . Cove in 19 applicable to graze half almost. Transcripts, please visit |
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| 24:22 | . Use traditional question information. I'm new to this so we can collectively |
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| 24:30 | this out. You can use this and I think I understand. |
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| 24:36 | that essentially, it's an ass or cr academic. Dishonesty is prohibited because |
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| 24:45 | doing things virtually. It doesn't mean there will be a way Teoh be |
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| 24:52 | . And we will do everything to that from just communicating. Not to |
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| 24:57 | . They're also having the tools that tools during testing that will essentially monitor |
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| 25:07 | , the, uh, browsers and um, yourself through the white |
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| 25:15 | Aziz, you're taking the exam, all of these details again will be |
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| 25:20 | under under Kosta. But, again, please be honest. Please |
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| 25:27 | this academic dishonesty section and please take serious man. Uh, we don't |
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| 25:35 | much riding in this case, so can't really plagiarize other people's work. |
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| 25:42 | is just copying and pasting other people's . But please know that it's the |
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| 25:49 | amount of manageable has to take the . The complexity of the questions for |
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| 25:53 | course is not gonna allow you to much free time. Teoh consult |
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| 26:00 | uh, in how to answer the . Number one. Number two. |
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| 26:05 | example. Russians randomized. So they in the in the number in the |
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| 26:12 | of questions and the order of answers well. As typically there's few versions |
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| 26:21 | each question. So just by consulting for a multiple choice answer. Do |
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| 26:27 | see it's not gonna serve you it's really about learning. And I |
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| 26:32 | that that's, um, it z time to learn things. Resources for |
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| 26:37 | Learning University Houston is committed to student , and we have this power. |
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| 26:42 | were outside. Um, began updating to Internet access to units, requesting |
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| 26:48 | laptop to laptop loaner program, using smartphone webcam and downloading no cost so |
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| 26:55 | can find all of these things. 3 65 cost Ah, e mail |
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| 27:03 | . The reason why it's uhh email you know you have your own you |
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| 27:08 | e mails and then you also have own G e mails. And so |
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| 27:12 | I am hot males and things like and my communication to use going to |
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| 27:19 | through your people soft, which is Your You ate email and through |
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| 27:26 | So when I If I need to the whole class my email I will |
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| 27:30 | Teoh by you age I will go the roster of all of the |
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| 27:36 | all of the emails And how in plus that you've registered with and I |
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| 27:42 | send that email out. So please make sure that you are receiving |
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| 27:46 | . Uh, and I will mention I've sent out an email and if |
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| 27:50 | not, you may want to Would email you've registered there would be |
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| 27:54 | using if you're forwarding emails to win conference off so that we all gets |
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| 28:00 | out. This is more additional information the check out of laptops and health |
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| 28:09 | information. Now, this is the information on the zoo meeting. Apologized |
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| 28:15 | these blue lines I didn't realize, yes, I'm a painter to a |
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| 28:21 | and just these slides now follow But in any case, you have |
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| 28:26 | full invitation here from Zoom. So means that you can sense and comfortably |
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| 28:32 | your room if you are mobile. you cannot not have ah, |
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| 28:38 | computer, you can live using other . You can use these phone numbers |
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| 28:44 | . All right, you can listen , um and so it's essentially the |
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| 28:51 | zoom link that we will continue using the semester. And lastly, as |
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| 28:56 | sat, unless there's some technical glitches I need to change this Okay, |
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| 29:02 | I think that all of the information on the classes in the syllabus and |
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| 29:08 | of the information is new to all us. Look, virtual testing and |
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| 29:13 | will continue talking about virtual testing will talking about, uh, everything and |
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| 29:22 | course materials also note that for each will have a review session where we |
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| 29:27 | review all of the materials from these electricity we went over. So if |
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| 29:33 | , you know, is this is extenuating circumstances situation. Somebody is sick |
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| 29:39 | something like that. And you missed electricity. That might be a really |
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| 29:43 | time. Teoh, Tune in You know that that would be a |
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| 29:48 | good time. Okay? Review everything . And that's a question. So |
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| 29:53 | in mind that says, I think valuable. Okay. No, let's |
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| 29:58 | . Teoh this Onda. This is Kosta information for testing that I will |
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| 30:11 | to you. Okay, but there's an information and I haven't had |
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| 30:17 | chance to review. Just came in . Ah, that I will |
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| 30:22 | But if you want Teoh right down length or coffee The link Teaching tools |
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| 30:29 | u h dot edu I believe that that, you should be able tow |
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| 30:43 | Maybe not. Maybe that wasn't the length. But if you go to |
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| 30:47 | you a started the year, you be able to find more information |
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| 30:52 | As I said, I just learned this. So as I figured the |
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| 30:56 | , I will I will tell you how. How are we going to |
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| 31:01 | this? Essential? Okay, so is an interesting science. It's great |
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| 31:13 | . So we're gonna talk about the of neuroscience today. Glad the way |
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| 31:20 | do that. I want to show this article. So the sea school |
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| 31:26 | 19 patients show hypoxic injury in the How relevant is another science to what |
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| 31:34 | happening today? Extremely, Absolutely. knowledge that you're gaining here in the |
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| 31:42 | today, iss timely. It's gonna you understand some things that are happening |
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| 31:49 | code in 19. And why didn't just jump into this? The C |
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| 31:54 | in 19 patient article. Well, of all, I'm gonna post the |
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| 32:00 | to this article, and I would for you to meet this. The |
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| 32:03 | until comes from Brigham Young, health hospitals in Boston, Brigham and |
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| 32:11 | Hospitals and, uh, Boston. the reason why I would like for |
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| 32:18 | to read this is because it's a article that came out in the New |
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| 32:22 | Journal of Medicine. And this article that brains from 18 humans post mortem |
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| 32:34 | death and look at the pathological changes have normal pathological changes in the |
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| 32:44 | And these are EMC's and these essentials demonstrated some very interesting things. And |
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| 32:56 | reason why I'd like for you to this article it's for two reasons is |
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| 33:01 | of all, it's in just ah in lay terms for a scientist to |
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| 33:07 | this is not a scientific publication Second reason why is I want you |
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| 33:14 | know to after reading this to think Did I understand what these terms are |
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| 33:21 | ? Encephalitis, for example, What encephalitis? What is hypoxia? Do |
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| 33:28 | know these terms? You know a ? A loss of oxygen, not |
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| 33:34 | wise encephalitis. Why? How is related to the brain? So we |
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| 33:39 | learn that brain is extremely sensitive toe and losses to oxygen or lack of |
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| 33:47 | . Hypo Reduced oxygenation Hypoxia is one the biggest enemies to the brain |
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| 33:56 | Just losing oxygen supply to the brain tool in its can. Cause on |
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| 34:05 | damage to brain tissues can lead to sensitive, significant severe paralytic conditions. |
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| 34:15 | , loss of function, loss of and saw just two minutes and a |
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| 34:22 | bit over a loss of oxygen to brain can be detrimental now that everything |
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| 34:28 | is, it says. Virus does into the brain lack of encephalitis. |
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| 34:33 | does that suggest? Okay, that if virus enters the brain and its |
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| 34:39 | this condition ISAF alliance What isn't Linus? It's viral infections in the |
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| 34:46 | . What does it do? It inflammation and causes new did neuron |
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| 34:51 | degenerating neurons, everything it was you the medical world and the medical science |
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| 35:00 | world, a lot of the terms be deciphered, can be taken. |
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| 35:06 | hypoxia Hypo Fox Oxygenation A neuro degeneration, euro neurons, the |
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| 35:19 | So you have neuro degeneration and loss these narrows. Now this article suggests |
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| 35:25 | buyers does not have to the And as you read this, you |
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| 35:29 | see this term here that the virus in terms of the brain is to |
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| 35:33 | scientists in this case. Think that virus does not cannot cross the blood |
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| 35:39 | barrier. You see what is the brain barrier? It's a barrier between |
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| 35:47 | blood vessels in the brain tissue, this barrier doesn't let everything that's in |
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| 35:53 | blood stream into the brain. There specific entry points into the brain. |
|
| 35:59 | specific transporters and transported allow for certain to enter into the fluids, called |
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| 36:10 | . All fluids and cerebral spinal fluids air bathing the brain and these vessels |
|
| 36:20 | surround the brain from large vessels to that system micro last sauce. They |
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| 36:28 | the oxygen, and they supply the but four. The nutrients to cross |
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| 36:35 | the spaces between their odds. You Teoh be a part of the super |
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| 36:42 | fluid. And so the smallest distance these when we call Micro cap Hillary's |
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| 36:49 | of that salsa Branko capital Aries the microcap Hillary's the arteries of carrying the |
|
| 36:57 | into the brain. The smallest distance them is only 50 my girl meters |
|
| 37:06 | . So you will say What is micro meter? 10 to the minus |
|
| 37:10 | m? How many feet is So, uh, now you will |
|
| 37:20 | about blood brain barrier. You will about how blood brain barrier control substances |
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| 37:26 | can and turn into the brain. how interesting is this article? Damage |
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| 37:32 | neurons? Smith A. Thank you covered Cove in 19 patients. There's |
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| 37:37 | much we don't know about the There's so much emerging about the |
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| 37:42 | There's some mustard that seem to be on traumatic brain injury. There's so |
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| 37:49 | of it seemed to be causing poxy like encephalitis like conditions. There |
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| 37:56 | reports of micro strokes also that are Teoh close at 19. So another |
|
| 38:05 | why I'm showing you this article is you're a part of the University of |
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| 38:09 | system and you should take advantage All of the resource is of tools |
|
| 38:15 | you have in front of you. now you say. Okay, |
|
| 38:18 | this article, it's pretty good. , you know, I want to |
|
| 38:21 | more details. I want to know science about this article. I actually |
|
| 38:25 | to open this noon when? Journal Medicine article. All right. And |
|
| 38:31 | I open this New England Journal of of article Great guess what it seems |
|
| 38:39 | it's It's there. It seems like the whole article is there, and |
|
| 38:44 | have the supplementary appendix. That's so can really look at all of the |
|
| 38:51 | here so you can see that a of information now coming on, especially |
|
| 38:56 | it is related to CO that it free, is publicly available information and |
|
| 39:01 | you what kind of people participated with history they had. This is this |
|
| 39:07 | where you can get into the real , scientific details, analysis and even |
|
| 39:14 | and statistics, and so on and at the figures and look at some |
|
| 39:19 | the staining that you may see, just mentioned hippocampus tear because they |
|
| 39:24 | remember, this is where the uh, function a lot of |
|
| 39:30 | Memory function, reside. Cerebellum is part of the brain is a little |
|
| 39:36 | in the back of your brain that's for a lot of you. |
|
| 39:40 | fine. Motor control and balance. , then it stocks about frontal |
|
| 39:47 | I mention lobes. Frontal lobe is cognitive on and your executive functions as |
|
| 39:55 | as your emotional control. So they're to see where the fact is on |
|
| 40:01 | by this virus. What parts of brain are affected? That is really |
|
| 40:08 | . Now, the reason why I that you need to take advantage of |
|
| 40:11 | universe of Houston system is because if don't find an article you want to |
|
| 40:16 | for something. You go to the of Houston libraries and with your cougar |
|
| 40:22 | I d. You can go to account. This is my account. |
|
| 40:27 | in with my unit. I d . My US cougar. Now I |
|
| 40:33 | you okay? And I'm here. , I do do any search at |
|
| 40:41 | . I can do in journal I can go to databases and I'll |
|
| 40:47 | you my favorite database, it will up right away is pumped, |
|
| 40:52 | So when you go to the data and you go to But mad, |
|
| 40:57 | you see is the snow line and click on the and then we've you |
|
| 41:02 | on that, you can type in like coded 19 and grain. And |
|
| 41:17 | the things that you have to start about. OK, now you can |
|
| 41:21 | a lot of interesting information. First all, you have 859 results encoded |
|
| 41:27 | hombre. So 900 publications. If look on the left here, when |
|
| 41:33 | you think those publications came out? one in 2019. This is a |
|
| 41:41 | new field. How covered luncheon interacts the brain. What were the, |
|
| 41:49 | , Catholic physiological? One of the damages houses similar to traumatic brain |
|
| 41:56 | What is in your rehabilitation following 19. Is there way to treat |
|
| 42:02 | better during the actual disease to continue oxygen to avoid? Have AUC CIA |
|
| 42:09 | people that are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic Cohen? Can they have brain |
|
| 42:17 | This last article suggested they seemed to so now the other thing to think |
|
| 42:24 | . It's okay. You can see lot of divisions. There are strikes |
|
| 42:29 | , full text on the left and text. But the other thing you |
|
| 42:33 | is anywhere you see free PMC It's already a three article for |
|
| 42:38 | So if you want to talk about , start read about predictors of cold |
|
| 42:42 | 19 hours. Coming Parkinson's disease. a free article for you already, |
|
| 42:48 | you should be able tow. Find through the University of Houston system. |
|
| 42:55 | ? And if you can access it then you can download the pdf of |
|
| 42:59 | system. Ah, this article this all under your cougar nut a |
|
| 43:08 | There will be articles that are available free. There will be articles that |
|
| 43:13 | not available. You can also just at the reviews. You can just |
|
| 43:21 | at the clinical trials and see how clinical trials surround. Closed in 19 |
|
| 43:25 | the brain. How many? All a sudden, our search from 900 |
|
| 43:31 | there down to to know what's going . It's just started. And the |
|
| 43:41 | trials you would sail Well, wait second. Now the clinical trials and |
|
| 43:46 | focusing on the on the vaccine on virus caressed. But you already see |
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| 43:53 | this obviously a very strong emergent trended and brain injuries and the virus in |
|
| 44:00 | trials already are, uh, that addressing in some instances, some correlation |
|
| 44:07 | the brain activity. If you want look at just reviews the reviews 153 |
|
| 44:18 | they use a really good starting point you wanting to learn, for |
|
| 44:22 | about Kobe than the brain doctor logic of coded 19. A concise review |
|
| 44:28 | , that's the one that you want click on. Gain access through your |
|
| 44:33 | system. You can either look at full text online or download the |
|
| 44:40 | You can look at different figures uh, again, this is very |
|
| 44:44 | very valuable tool, and most of are juniors and seniors and the undergraduate |
|
| 44:52 | . And so you should be starting utilize these to your own advantage. |
|
| 44:56 | graduate students are quite well familiar with essentially how to use these searches |
|
| 45:06 | Pump Nad and also how to read articles. This is another thing that |
|
| 45:10 | could spend a whole hour on is to read a scientific article. Now |
|
| 45:15 | is ah is a art and a , uh, and decides to |
|
| 45:22 | Okay, so you think these are , very valuable tools for you all |
|
| 45:27 | use, but let's now talk about material. I made the bag on |
|
| 45:35 | because I thought that at this maybe it's gonna swish into black and |
|
| 45:40 | really cool. Now I don't know to take these blue marks off the |
|
| 45:46 | apologized for that. Is this in race? Or maybe I must have |
|
| 45:53 | on the button. So, in case, the block that I based |
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| 45:57 | interior along Isner size exploring the brain fair. In addition of Schaumburg, |
|
| 46:04 | 1/4 edition out of most of my are third edition, some from the |
|
| 46:09 | , and then I intermix my own that I've collected from other books like |
|
| 46:14 | Books of Neuroscience is while it's still timely, interesting articles and publications, |
|
| 46:22 | authors of your both are awesome. Barron, Barron, Connors and Michael |
|
| 46:26 | a D. So they're all thought and neuroscience. They're all very |
|
| 46:32 | Neuroscientists are all think about plasticity, plasticity, dynamics of the brain visual |
|
| 46:39 | and how to treat hard to treat conditions, especially in case of Mark |
|
| 46:46 | . And they all influence my career one way or another. Um, |
|
| 46:51 | also fashion from neuroscience as well. , a lot of the materials from |
|
| 46:56 | bug, our intellectual materials. So I explained that very early honest, |
|
| 47:03 | was coming on. If you can this, uh, book, a |
|
| 47:08 | version of it are online version that want to use that degrade. It's |
|
| 47:14 | your own Richmond to, uh, if you follow and you have all |
|
| 47:20 | the lecture materials and follow the trust your view videos, you should |
|
| 47:26 | all of the information and it So it's looking history of their science |
|
| 47:33 | winter All started. It all started a prehistoric times. You're talking about |
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| 47:38 | to 30,000 BC and different parts around world. People at archaeologist starting discovering |
|
| 47:50 | are cold skulls there, we now Trump a nation's brain. Tremper nations |
|
| 47:59 | of skulls that contained ah, little in them. But those holes had |
|
| 48:08 | interesting features to them. They were just cracked skulls was cracked bulls. |
|
| 48:16 | hold on a second I'm gonna interrupt is to raise the hands. And |
|
| 48:21 | will, uh, see you as raised. So I can, uh |
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| 48:36 | don't see them anymore. For some how I see one run. |
|
| 48:40 | okay. Okay. Jeanne, you another question. I'm trying Teoh |
|
| 48:51 | But I cannot. No, I have, sir. Okay. |
|
| 48:58 | Problems, though. One of the you had a question. My screen |
|
| 49:02 | just stuck on part of men. think that someone else's is too, |
|
| 49:05 | we can't see the slides. thank you so much for telling |
|
| 49:09 | Uh, yeah, no problem. you see the screen now with the |
|
| 49:32 | slide? Yes. Thank Thank Appreciate it. So these air the |
|
| 49:39 | said were found around the world in parts of the world that were found |
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| 49:43 | the area where the modern day Peru's and where parking India's were located. |
|
| 49:50 | were also found around Egypt and and these skulls had very symmetrical |
|
| 49:56 | and a lot of times they had . So it has shown in |
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| 50:00 | uh, victory here, like two one and the hole in the |
|
| 50:06 | uh, of the skull. One in the middle. There were little |
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| 50:10 | of the skull. There is evidence they were not just multiple Tremper nations |
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| 50:16 | openings of the skulls, but that were repeated multiple times too. So |
|
| 50:24 | is not a blunt, uh, object injury during the battle because this |
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| 50:31 | a symmetrical cut and repeat it multiple of the skull or multiple times through |
|
| 50:40 | the life of individual, as is by these skulls, The stool shows |
|
| 50:47 | procedure of Trump Nation where one follow largest, uh, our ladies sitting |
|
| 50:56 | the substance of anesthesia is being The person is being straddled and the |
|
| 51:05 | this person on the right that straddling person is digging into their skull essentially |
|
| 51:11 | this tool. So this is a nation tool on actual tripper Nation Tool |
|
| 51:17 | an image of the procedure of how was done. Um, now you |
|
| 51:24 | say what kind of a ritual is ? And we would think that these |
|
| 51:30 | probably the original neurosurgeons and original There were a lot of speculation off |
|
| 51:39 | evil forces of spirits, obsessing a person going mad and therefore needing to |
|
| 51:45 | these spirits out of the skull into outside world. It could have bean |
|
| 51:51 | a psychiatric psychological problem treatment, but so We know no that if you |
|
| 51:58 | a buildup of intracranial pressure pressure inside cranium inside the skull. If you |
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| 52:05 | a buildup off intracranial fluids, fluids accumulating underneath the skull, and they're |
|
| 52:15 | pushing on the brain tissue that all these can cost tremendous. My |
|
| 52:23 | headaches and aims and even Sang Ki and neurological neurodegenerative disorders. But we |
|
| 52:32 | that releasing the pressure, draining the , releasing the pressure, opening the |
|
| 52:39 | , draining the blood, even in of hemorrhaging in the brain are things |
|
| 52:47 | are being used in modern day of course, using much more my |
|
| 52:55 | . But the principle it was there , uh, going 30,000 years back |
|
| 53:08 | we jump. We jumped about 3000 uh, so between 3000 BC or |
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| 53:18 | BC, and we really start talking that. Recorded the first recorded the |
|
| 53:26 | of off neuroscience in writing not just a pool but in writing and Edwin |
|
| 53:34 | , Surgical Piras, that is from . Of course I always say |
|
| 53:41 | And when Smith is your typical objection And when Smith was wealthy Explorer archaeologists |
|
| 53:50 | has funded the dates in Egypt. when the viruses we discovered it was |
|
| 53:58 | after him, his expedition really was surgical viruses off imho top pictured on |
|
| 54:07 | left. Who was a Wu Ah, Doctor, surgeon, Medicine |
|
| 54:18 | . Uh, he became a Royal Eventually, too, in this Edwin |
|
| 54:26 | surgical empire of similar tab describes 48 cases and why all the sudden you |
|
| 54:35 | so many injury cases? Uh, , you have some any injury cases |
|
| 54:44 | Egypt is building Egypt is building massive structures. There's a lot off labour |
|
| 54:54 | on intense heavy manual labor slave labor building these shrines and then building the |
|
| 55:06 | saw the this case the pyramids for for the emperor's. And at the |
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| 55:13 | time, there are wars happening and wars a very wrong with lots of |
|
| 55:19 | And so in the tab as access workers being injured as well as during |
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| 55:25 | battlefield bodies coming in. And he's instructing these bodies 48 injury cases, |
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| 55:33 | of them he describes as hand trauma . He recognizes distant effects of the |
|
| 55:41 | nervous system injury. What does that ? That means Then he sees a |
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| 55:47 | that got clubbed on the right side the head and they can't move their |
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| 55:54 | hand. So he's realizing that by the brain here you have distant the |
|
| 56:03 | in the periphery, you can no control the hand and as a function |
|
| 56:08 | the brain, so recognizing these distant facts of CNS function as a consequence |
|
| 56:16 | the injury was a window to gain of how CNS controls the body during |
|
| 56:24 | time. There's also classification off, , triage when you go into the |
|
| 56:33 | room and especially and think relevant when the hospital also emergency Rosa crowd |
|
| 56:40 | with cove in patients treatment specification of time was going to be treated. |
|
| 56:49 | know the may be treated, but third one not to be treated, |
|
| 56:56 | now you walk in with a broken or his spring ankle. That's an |
|
| 57:03 | to be treated, but if you a sprang ankle, you may have |
|
| 57:07 | wait for 23 hours. You're not important you're not. Your life is |
|
| 57:13 | threatened with a spring ankle unless it's , very serious injury. And, |
|
| 57:19 | , obviously this ailment to be treated days we don't really have this specification |
|
| 57:25 | maybe treated or not to be It's changed a little bit, but |
|
| 57:30 | can imagine if you have ah, resource is to in the middle of |
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| 57:34 | battlefield and you're seeing certain soldiers that immediate attention. They can be fixed |
|
| 57:41 | quickly, you know, closed bleed the legs so they don't bleed to |
|
| 57:48 | versus another. Individual has a potentially of their head missing already. And |
|
| 57:55 | know that even if they trying to something, it will not be able |
|
| 57:59 | treat that individual. So the team is not to be treated. |
|
| 58:04 | these days we have, ah, . We treat all of the diseases |
|
| 58:11 | treat all of the conditions we prioritize clinical setting certain conditions, but not |
|
| 58:23 | be treated. There is a thing is called a D N r. |
|
| 58:26 | not care assistant eight. And that is a choice, an individual choice |
|
| 58:33 | you can make even in your well If something happens to me with, |
|
| 58:38 | , my choice, if I get from neck down and you have to |
|
| 58:43 | me with the tube and you have revive me to do that, do |
|
| 58:48 | resuscitate. Okay, so there is D n r and D. N |
|
| 58:54 | is respected by traditions, but they not voluntarily not treat you saying now |
|
| 59:01 | the brain important in all of these in a distant brain and Egypt is |
|
| 59:07 | very important is a divergence. Mayor the skull, The heart is a |
|
| 59:13 | . This a central organ in the and the brain is simply scooped out |
|
| 59:21 | the nose. What I mean by ? Well, well, now when |
|
| 59:26 | life. But if you are one the king's emperor said respectful individual, |
|
| 59:35 | get money. Five. And in process, the brain is not |
|
| 59:41 | So in that profits processes you're being with involving feliz and you being |
|
| 59:48 | There's a tool that displaced through the and essentially this for likes spork |
|
| 59:56 | for that scoops out that pulls scoops out the brain. Just not |
|
| 60:00 | , don't even leave it in the . There's a language for the brain |
|
| 60:05 | the hiring listener being used for the . It's interesting that, you |
|
| 60:09 | it's somehow associated with with burned with round. With two years, there's |
|
| 60:19 | . So there is a recognition that surface of the brain is not even |
|
| 60:23 | there are Rijs Qala, Lucien's in brain. There's recognition of some |
|
| 60:30 | so you can almost imagine the system of a fluid running almost like an |
|
| 60:35 | or something. And that fluid covers brain. Or maybe it covers the |
|
| 60:41 | . Mean we don't know how far on through, but of course, |
|
| 60:45 | membrane that covers here and then CIA the fluid and runs over the |
|
| 60:51 | So the third one is the and then the lows, the fluid |
|
| 60:54 | runs over something and covers so really that the brain is sitting in |
|
| 61:01 | you know, a quiz environment essentially right. And then this contribution was |
|
| 61:09 | , but ah, into ancient And by the way, when when |
|
| 61:17 | described his history of neuroscience again, is happening everywhere around the world. |
|
| 61:24 | theories and different observations of anatomy and brain functions. South American Middle |
|
| 61:33 | You're Africa, uh, Siberia Asia in ancient Greece. So that |
|
| 61:45 | is this written Western recorded, history and it is impossibilities. And |
|
| 61:55 | you go to medical school when you from medical school with him, do |
|
| 61:58 | have to take Hippocrates? Oh, only thing to take after graduating medical |
|
| 62:04 | is to treat individuals, um, help individuals in very clear terms. |
|
| 62:09 | is a Hippocrates oath that you both to help human beings not to make |
|
| 62:18 | . That's so if you're taking, , uh, pocket, he |
|
| 62:25 | he plays the brain is a major Oregon center in the body. This |
|
| 62:30 | a major shift from the Egyptians. is the seed of intelligence, and |
|
| 62:37 | is still viewed as a craft. , you have medicine, man. |
|
| 62:40 | have craft, uh, preparations going on. And the brain, you |
|
| 62:51 | , is very well respected by But Aristotle, the great philosopher, |
|
| 62:58 | along with the snow, it's still that heart is the center of the |
|
| 63:03 | . And brain is an air conditioner the blood and body Kind of makes |
|
| 63:08 | right on temperature rises. I'm so have a headache. Your head is |
|
| 63:13 | . You try to temper difficulty only , but sounds about right and should |
|
| 63:17 | be like an air conditioner. Maybe years are like events. Uh, |
|
| 63:22 | just venting through the hair. heart is most important. But come |
|
| 63:31 | the time off Roman Empire Gallon. he's a physician to gladiators. You |
|
| 63:37 | to realize that doing a historical times especially during the medieval times, it |
|
| 63:45 | not really cool to think the human to cut it apart and do a |
|
| 63:51 | , you know, in an anatomy dissection and have a student train that |
|
| 63:56 | , you know, a blasphemy. cannot do that, Uh, during |
|
| 64:02 | Roman Empire. Medicine is becoming and Gallen is really trying. Teoh |
|
| 64:10 | forward the dissections and do the uh, cutting different parts of |
|
| 64:19 | brains and nerves In trying to distinguish this nerves are responsible for, what |
|
| 64:28 | function is at the time, he's leading an animus in the field on |
|
| 64:34 | can see that his, uh, , Tom Medical anatomical view is dominated |
|
| 64:43 | nearly 16 centuries. We have a empire. He had a huge reward |
|
| 64:52 | in front of him human and The reason why he had a human |
|
| 64:58 | was because of the gladiators. So uh Roma's would gather and Amber would |
|
| 65:07 | everybody for the games in the um, and Rome and the senators |
|
| 65:15 | come and the crowds will flow come everywhere those games were. A lot |
|
| 65:25 | them were about animal games and hunting . Who knew that at that time |
|
| 65:31 | had lions roaming and they would bring Lyons to the Coliseum to stage Riel |
|
| 65:39 | , uh, against humans, just in one of my favorite and release |
|
| 65:44 | gladiator on. Of course it would the gladiators against each other. And |
|
| 65:52 | like in Wednesday with Lose the the gladiators were actually superstars. They |
|
| 65:57 | the modern day LeBron James is They the kings of their M B A |
|
| 66:03 | an SL and and I'll be they the cool guys. And if they |
|
| 66:09 | not get killed, they were very , and women were following them. |
|
| 66:16 | the senators, wise we're following them falling for them, and they would |
|
| 66:21 | spared by the audience because they were by the audience. There was someone |
|
| 66:26 | there off the local idols. But , once that didn't make very |
|
| 66:32 | that would get injured. And as would get injured, it would get |
|
| 66:35 | by swords and knives and all of , uh, Bedimo essentially and, |
|
| 66:45 | , early Roman Empire weaponry. And those different parts of the bodies and |
|
| 66:52 | allowed for gallon to look into the to look into the Corn Island, |
|
| 66:58 | the muscles of the connections, look the nerves, travelers and through the |
|
| 67:03 | . And this picture here on the left with has shown, is that |
|
| 67:07 | that is laying. And he's cutting that pig, uh, cranial nerves |
|
| 67:12 | the biggest squealing. So now he say, OK, this is the |
|
| 67:15 | that controls the vocal chords into So he starts localizing different fronts of |
|
| 67:21 | brand. This real room, the alum, when they're responsible for |
|
| 67:25 | also expose this adventure course inside the buns because it was really not allowed |
|
| 67:34 | do much of them. Anatomical. section money humans, a lot of |
|
| 67:38 | gallon has documented and dominated for centuries based on pigs, was based on |
|
| 67:47 | anatomy, and he was the leading anatomy missed, but and we know |
|
| 67:54 | there is obviously some started differences between his animals. Okay, so I'm |
|
| 68:04 | probably, uh, talk about uh, 23 more slides for this |
|
| 68:14 | , but, you know, to dark ages, Then comes the |
|
| 68:19 | Everybody is, uh, rejoicing, and science to dungeons starts and music |
|
| 68:27 | literature with science and comes around and missed al IUs. And he |
|
| 68:32 | gallons, anatomical descriptions that were primarily on taking anime. And he looks |
|
| 68:39 | lot about human anatomy and does a of human dissections. You talked a |
|
| 68:46 | about ventricles, and he actually now that the ventricles is where the brain |
|
| 68:54 | is located. And there's something special these ventricles of contained the fluid. |
|
| 69:01 | he's thinking that maybe all of these tissues and cells around the nurse |
|
| 69:05 | certainly conductors of this fool it the is the pipes or something else that |
|
| 69:13 | connecting through to the brain and through body. This is his theories of |
|
| 69:20 | 16th century. He also cuts through brain, and he can very clearly |
|
| 69:25 | between the white matter, the gray , and he actually places the stinger |
|
| 69:31 | pushes on the brain, start first says, Well, the green matter |
|
| 69:35 | soft is like a sponge. It be absorbing things like learning. And |
|
| 69:39 | he touches the wife man and That's pretty hard. I wonder when |
|
| 69:44 | are those are probably connections and when know now is the green matter represents |
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| 69:50 | so most of the cell body sitting on some the white matter on the |
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| 69:55 | stops and the mile undated access sort wieting about harder, that air insulated |
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| 70:00 | to connect different cells in different parts the brain. And then we go |
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| 70:06 | the psychology Western origin of mind body dating back to ancient Greece as I |
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| 70:14 | about it, but as well as and different writings and different cultures, |
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| 70:19 | African doesn't pertain me. A related , however, is essentially ah, |
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| 70:28 | know. We all know him for phrase that you may think you don't |
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| 70:33 | , but I think you do computer go soon or I think I know |
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| 70:41 | , maybe, I think therefore I so I think, therefore I am |
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| 70:50 | a G D cards tenant the separation mind and body, soul, spirit |
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| 70:58 | anatomy. Physiology is a French philosopher, physiologist, and he finishes |
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| 71:06 | reflex theory. He says. Body a fluid and chemical machine is like |
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| 71:13 | mechanic, oh, theory based machine has fluids, and it has |
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| 71:21 | So he describes the first re flags has a painting of a boy reaching |
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| 71:26 | or putting his hand on the fire getting burned and retracting it, starting |
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| 71:31 | think about their Cem spiritually conscious, , activity in the brain. And |
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| 71:37 | reflexive activity. Just withdrawing from the . Fire just more physiological activity. |
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| 71:45 | thinks that nerves or pipes So you that nerves or pipes and they're delivering |
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| 71:51 | . Okay, so he also comes with the theory that there is this |
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| 71:56 | gland and that by Neil Line is for localizing the souls. Contact with |
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| 72:02 | body. Whoa ! So so's There's a soul, my soul, |
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| 72:09 | whenever the soul some object there, goes through pineal, one connected soul |
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| 72:16 | structuring the brain, the middle of brain that doesn't have the last of |
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| 72:19 | right side. There's no lateral left right, just one final run. |
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| 72:25 | he thinks of this connection through the into the pineal gland, which sits |
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| 72:31 | to the optic. I ASM that nerves. They're crossing here from the |
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| 72:36 | that it influences essentially our motor function mechanic model. And then there's a |
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| 72:43 | there with the soul as well. , very interesting and, uh, |
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| 72:50 | in so many ways. Onda Luigi me shows up when this is the |
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| 72:56 | side for the lecture in a series experiments around 17 eighties and the University |
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| 73:03 | Bologna, Italy, where Lives Drone that electric Kern delivered by late in |
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| 73:12 | or is a rude dating statin electricity . If you rotated fast enough, |
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| 73:19 | have enough static it causes started. the charging electricity would cost contraction that |
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| 73:25 | put in charge to frog muscle the muscles contract. And then he put |
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| 73:32 | little two electrodes in the charge to nerve going into the muscle, and |
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| 73:38 | muscle also contract. And he said |
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