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00:03 Okay. Yes, thank you. today we'll talk about the memory system

00:12 out. Memory system is tend to most political in most applications to get

00:18 performance. Uh, if you're taking architecture course and a lot of it

00:26 with the repetition but not everyone has it some decades but able this is

00:33 fairly high level of what you kind need to know to understand how to

00:38 cold sufficient. So when that said huh. All right. So this

00:48 the first talk about caches and then about the tournament members system and how

00:56 integrate that too. Species or So that's it. Um, so

01:06 terminology is also familiar with most of cash is and cash mrs and I

01:12 the meeting is pretty obvious. Hit whenever your check is what happens to

01:18 in the cash and this is obviously opposite. And then so and try

01:25 understand the performance of charges will need also be conscientious of the time it

01:33 . Yeah, when there's a it doesn't come for free and in

01:38 also that success facebook is the So I'll talk a little bit about

01:46 . Um, Thanks. So I conscientious or aware of what goes on

01:53 then we already mentioned. So the fine then that is climate a block

01:58 memory that is treated as an atomic it comes to my mind right and

02:04 . So how many have actually taking ? Of course. Okay.

02:11 All right. So, but you that if I'm going to pass something

02:16 question. So one of the big in terms of Cash is, is

02:24 notion of locality and they talk about types of locality. one Temporal locality

02:30 the other one is special. The temporal locality, that simply means

02:38 if you reference the member location, , it doesn't take all that many

02:42 in your cold before they're going to the same day lives in the

02:47 So it's just the notion of the of instructions that It's like six years

02:52 you touch this in memory location. the temporal aspect. Special locality is

03:01 , the notion of that kind of for reference nearby memory location. I

03:08 something that really something that is the item in memory, that's sort of

03:14 locality and it tends to be that system, I should say really

03:22 a location that is being used when mapped your data sets to memory,

03:30 that it will have good special look it. So for instance, just

03:36 the previous slide of trash time is block of members. That means you

03:41 just one word, you will get bunch of them whether you want to

03:46 so if you have special talent, is a good chance you would also

03:49 the other items that comes in that . If there are no spatial

03:56 You pay the price for most cases bytes and you may only use for

04:01 . So that's kind of a very . So that's why this special performance

04:08 the biggest. But so I keep of these two aspects and try to

04:14 a little bit behavior our vehicle respect the number system and then there's three

04:23 of Mrs on talks about compulsory, means there's no way around it.

04:31 usually you start program and data ankle in main memory has been loaded into

04:39 or caches register to be able to something and the early start with things

04:46 the registers you had this starts from else. So there's no way of

04:51 one set of sort of first touch Nicholas, you need to know that

04:56 it. The flash. So that's complexity apart. There's no way around

05:04 . Then there are other two parts is the capacity and conflict. This

05:11 so the capacity is simply that compared main memory. Fashion is so

05:18 So in most cases your entire problem applications data set they're working on,

05:24 no way it's going to be Remember Never want our suspect 32,

05:31 even there was three that these days grown quite a bit then maybe

05:37 certain megabytes at best but the data maybe keep about store even more.

05:44 there is no way it will sit the past. So that's what's behind

05:49 capacity misses the cash to small level is a little bit more subtle

05:56 So it's the insect the where you to put the data item or the

06:04 brother want to put the data items the josh is already taken. So

06:13 know some address to use some data that loaded in protection a particular

06:18 And it will be clear. So thought that that's not the complete freedom

06:24 where you stick the data in the is governed by a bunch of

06:28 So it may be the next item want. It's actually the system decided

06:33 stick in the same place in the . And then that becomes conflicts of

06:37 do you do. And so that's notion of the conflict give me some

06:43 on compulsory. Sometimes people also call cold start when the program starts,

06:50 of the data is in the So do you know your major device

06:58 this case? The data starts to you. So when all the competitions

07:05 between registers and functional so somehow it to be moved mm the main members

07:13 the registers and the path that goes the cash. So the first time

07:20 there is no way that you will . Yes because we look in the

07:25 for the state light and there is so it has to get to the

07:31 in the first place. That's why some cold start because it starts with

07:36 ideally the trash is probably empty when wanted this continent this later on in

07:46 program that maybe that sunday night before it is still present in the

07:54 And there are sufficiently. Yeah. that's what they say. Uh asian

08:01 going start. So when you don't the exhibition yes. The gold star

08:10 significant. Yes, exactly. So why it's many times. Also in

08:16 cases there's enough hope stuff going So there's cold start. Peace may

08:24 take a big part of your entire , but it is sort of happened

08:32 you have a very small data set it actually sits and chats. Then

08:36 will see the first situation if you it in the loop would take much

08:40 time. And the second integration where there is potential 3 - $4.

08:56 . So, so in that case , yeah, yeah, depending on

09:06 during and since a seven part is number of instructions before you try to

09:10 it the next time. That is temporal aspect. So if the data

09:17 is really small, depending on what code is doing, it may not

09:23 that few instructions before they touch So it's different concepts of the temporal

09:30 out that you had even. so that would be referenced to how

09:35 cycles between memory. Main memory So, um, so even if

09:47 I tried to come back to If I remember give examples where,

09:53 the cash is worth the effort. if the simple localities might not work

09:57 well with the cash. And it's to actually because it depends on where

10:04 can stick things in the trash. the compulsory it is suggest two

10:08 It's never been there and there's no . The other cases that made see

10:14 things has been in the cash but got picked up for something so it's

10:17 longer present. So that's why when other two has to think what what

10:25 , you know when the cash is small so you ready flip it up

10:29 then we get the miss because what need is not there something we'll have

10:36 . Yeah there is three Houston attachment sometimes it's because even though it's actually

10:47 fit for but you can still get mrs because you have a limited places

10:53 you can put them. So then get the conflict. Even all the

10:57 is not for me. And the is that there's no way regardless of

11:03 to see. So so now he to me in the scheme of where

11:17 put stuff. So as usual the categories. My thoughts about about direct

11:24 will be associative and sex. Um fact is simple conceptual. Each memory

11:35 correspond to specific place in traction. they have a memory of this.

11:40 has only one way to go even your heart in this case 32 64

11:48 . They can only choose 64 bucks specific 6-4 months. Even if the

11:54 of it is empty and walk not memory location that also has to go

12:00 the same location. We get the even though most of it is that

12:07 there was only one. So that the that's the conflict and that sort

12:13 happens cash and I'll talk about this accept the side a little bit

12:19 Some idea by people by your own is different design. So fashion all

12:25 associative. It's sort of a good in the sense that any memorable efficient

12:31 or pass line from memory attempted place other fish in the cash. So

12:36 long as it's not filled up, always a place for yes, which

12:41 not true in the direct. So if it's something there's only one year

12:45 place for everything the last time that the middle ground is to set associated

12:56 it's a limited number of places where can the memory 1st 1 in memory

13:05 but it's more than what The aircraft on one and all the associated and

13:10 were. And the sex ratio It can go into a particular set

13:17 in that set their choices ceremony in place and our soldiers. So if

13:25 go back and look at the size for talking about processors depends to list

13:33 . Itty of fascism. We'll figure what's comin not first that the common

13:41 is to do sets, associative caches of four. Therefore they are expensive

13:47 do. And I'll talk more about direct map is kind of troublesome because

13:53 the degree of free, lack of of freedom from where to load in

13:59 from Medford. So, um, a little bit more of what they

14:09 operating principles are supposed to home Things of works and our comes to this

14:15 . Call this replacement policies. That when there is a conflict. What

14:21 you going to do if you have then um, so indirect part we

14:28 have a whole speaker, the You can go only look actually you

14:32 choose this busy to get natural Uh, so the best we have

14:41 take care of that. You have to that an updated a fast on

14:46 word in the past time you need make sure that it's preserved. Something

14:50 to go to. So you don't what's the risk, what you have

14:58 the sense the fully associated in the associated you have chosen. This is

15:03 full social actively choose any location and it's full, then you have to

15:09 which one am I going to override the same thing within a set of

15:17 within the set and also have to if that is the conflict, what

15:24 want to do. So the typical is the same somewhere here. Um

15:30 you uh and for these piece of . Right. So this was the

15:39 thing that hasn't been used in the . It's the thing that has to

15:45 dealt with. So if it was the really there's no problem just overnight

15:52 and if it has been updated then need to write the maximum. But

15:59 the thoughts and the are you? the most common up there and over

16:09 years that has been refined. So sweet. It's fairly complicated rules that

16:14 use for how to choose what's fashion to. All right. Thanks so

16:22 times. It's the basic principle is you? But then there are some

16:29 and some of the tweets depends on of the friday they collect in the

16:34 is to figure out a better source just reset. So it's quite

16:43 Um There are other things that are to randomly to uh random is used

16:53 kind of a Dallas in principle in scenarios. So randomized is rarely I

17:03 say best case but it voice is worst. So it's used and many

17:15 . Physics or computational science multi column . There are randomized. Your programming

17:24 . It was diverse space or to trapped in some local minimum. So

17:31 in relative networks feminization also used to to balance the load in the

17:38 It's not necessarily fastest rather for any case. But again, the Voice

17:45 it's kind of blow things about. , So, but it's not commonly

17:52 process, but Oh, all So now if you have updated the

18:06 line one, obviously if you need place in the cash, we need

18:14 make sure it gets updated in memory your over. Right. And there

18:21 different principles. Uh, leaders. . But in multi core system,

18:30 are obviously all some problems that also you have written to cache line,

18:37 some other cash at the same level that cash line to the other cash

18:46 are wrong because one of the guys its fashion line. So somehow that

18:51 to get propagated to the others say one caches. Every general church of

18:58 healthy. Everybody knows it's on the of the taliban A. L.

19:03 Either just one corner was about it maybe two sometimes has to be

19:09 So that means the other cores on trip needs to get updated. That's

19:15 cache coherence protocols are supposed to do it. Not every process that actually

19:22 cultural cache coherence. So that means program when he managed to keep that

19:28 is in the other fashion. So it's also the first wanting

19:35 what do you do? And the thing but other threats of course do

19:39 . They may uptake in. And means what you have is embedded.

19:42 again, it needs to be Everybody knows what the correct statuses.

19:51 here it is. Mm hmm. dealing with the rights, Someone is

19:58 as well. True. That one known as the right effect. So

20:05 right through is that's pretty inclusive is right through the coaches all the way

20:11 memory. So that means memories, this instinct with the crashes. That's

20:19 nice. Except it's not the core . If every core then do the

20:25 through, invites everything to make memories memory channel. That is the weakest

20:31 system. The succeeding That's so that's not often reduced or many of

20:43 catches. Maybe it has policies may differ depending about several fashion the

20:50 but some of the catches maybe right that means that shit is not the

20:56 level up. They say it's what it means that there were two

21:02 gets up, write something, you montage help. Who knows. That's

21:08 right through. But I want to the right back To me. It's

21:14 than two what it actually means. means even if you update the cache

21:20 , you don't tell the memory about for the next step. So you

21:27 doing it until this line needs to evicted done or overwritten by something that

21:35 else needs that. Mhm. So then you right. So that in

21:41 trash can be updated many times before is without any memory track. So

21:49 the predominant scheme for most of the processors used to write back so and

21:58 let the cache coherence protocol secure of or updating of other clashes on the

22:06 , as long as around the Do you get to know what's in

22:11 ? Um or you know that it's been updated by somebody else holds or

22:17 time becomes invalid because it was updated else and nothing happens unless you actually

22:25 to work with that cash on, you need to go out there but

22:30 don't need to get it from memory you get it from some other

22:36 So that's all that traffic and updating that goes on chip in the right

22:43 without bothering me. So and then right back policy is also what I

22:55 in terms of screens, which I to write something. It needs to

23:00 present in the fashion if it's not first need to though, they didn't

23:05 and updating flash time and then write fact. So even if you just

23:10 to do read right, sorry, ends up being re possible. So

23:18 means something looks at the peak achieve the memory of performance for stream stream

23:26 tell you about the extra loan for right back policy. So the actual

23:33 traffic maybe higher that was streamed tells because there is an extra read,

23:39 the right and maybe actually first to the argument to do whatever competition was

23:48 to and then you can say although two arguments and I write this one

23:52 that's to those in one store but storm may actually incomes. Another reason

23:58 actually ends up before recent one So that's why depending upon that The

24:05 areas you can never get 200% utilization the screen benefit because response but that's

24:12 okay. Why uh some of the of manufacturer has this cash by pass

24:25 so they avoid these extra read from that they can write direct memory about

24:31 . So caches are not always You can get it to work.

24:39 that was on the next one. will not survive. Sorry. So

24:44 is first right right back at the allocate is this process that you need

24:50 update things in the fashion, update directly. So that's what it means

24:56 do this extra. It's the right . Okay. That is implemented on

25:01 processors sustainably of doing distance but intel IBM and several of the other processor

25:08 , they have also this five past . So if the compartment managed to

25:11 it out, it uses instructions not stick things in trash but things directly

25:19 that's it wouldn't know one that cut up the golden about instructions but the

25:25 has the feature that conscripted um I I don't have it on the side

25:34 as a sign remarks. So uh don't think it's configurable though. Anyone

25:40 the server processing dyeing all uh some processors except for embedded market. You

25:49 choose to use the own chip memory as just as memory, your self

26:00 or you can use it pass cash a cash flow mechanism using all this

26:07 and thinking out to cash, you , replacement. And so I'm on

26:13 camera culture you can sometimes configured. want all the on september. I

26:17 to use this much that I manage And the Church American is Spanish the

26:23 four. Oh, so that's something all set to go undercover. The

26:29 for some of these processors that tell story to want maximum performance. You

26:34 probably not as township memory yourself and you can decide how much you want

26:40 use for cash and I'm going to itself. Yeah. Huh.

26:51 I can't believe I don't think until oriented support previously. Okay, so

27:01 something depending upon what you do outside question And churches like this is good

27:07 know that sometimes different processes may offer option for you manage and control exactly

27:15 happens. But they answered memory part that's a lot faster. Okay,

27:26 a little bit question here. I not so quickly um about design.

27:33 before you are aspect of cash is any more questions on crash replacement policy

27:43 policies following emergency reflect that but who of? Yeah, what does another

27:55 that story but uh there are groups uh okay I think I have an

28:07 somewhere they all come back to questioning of this. It's kind of a

28:12 that for example to show what Crash replacement policies, successor to get

28:21 so might get approved. Help you some idea what and if it doesn't

28:27 aspect. So now the next step like um related to the choice between

28:46 mapped or for my associate people, caches, uh, infrastructure and also

28:53 a little bit about the differences of implement. So there there is the

29:01 of the side here that the memory is one of us in principle who

29:09 interpreted as three different things. You , there's nothing hard, it's a

29:13 of bits for the artist, that's . And it's a question. How

29:17 you look at those bits? so I'm sorry that the right most

29:24 or set. So as I there are memories designed to work with

29:31 of memory and form of cash. for fashion contain stuff. Uh typically

29:37 bytes sometimes 1 28 bytes. That each fashion line contains depending upon the

29:44 that we're using if you want. know, despite address bullets is 64

29:52 its public decision. It's 8 8 per item and 64 8 elements in

29:57 protection. So you need to be to figure out where in that question

30:03 the data you want. So that the number of its are dedicated to

30:07 out where the cash line my So that's there was the rest of

30:13 this way tell us where the cache starts in main memory. So it

30:20 counts the blocks cash back. depending upon what type of cash to

30:29 that far from the address. These ft 1 month from the cash check

30:35 what is not cash in depth cash is salon. That is used to

30:42 out which set should this data I go in. So that's using the

30:52 . So if it's direct max cash on the one Place a day to

31:00 to. So the number of sets the number of trash lines that fits

31:05 fashions. That's it. But it only choose monster and the fully associated

31:15 a candle everywhere. So I'll try make it clear and limits studies

31:23 So, but isn't and why people why these trade offs has done in

31:30 of design. So I think it's is what I said before, you

31:37 . So on the next a couple . So here is kind of a

31:45 example were the three different types of before the associative and they're all the

31:51 in so far and then there's a of dashed lines on the right

31:56 And that's the question where it's Now let's see it again to see

32:01 happens. So it took this uh Brakes on the fact my number

32:14 What it supported a shortage of election against action can do whatever or so

32:21 the basis and it's it's the direct economical the bomb places to sit and

32:28 place usually just taking the memory or first time adjusting memory and do it

32:36 . The number of starts with the . So in this sense that a

32:41 of thoughts right? So 15 more seven writes for the thoughts in the

32:48 place. A similar place via Uh huh. one is by here

33:00 thanks. So in that case 15 more. Yes there are of

33:09 That's so that that free the Oh So that means that goes into

33:16 # three. But it's undetermined which the two basis and which of the

33:22 places and go system. The government the replacement policy and the L are

33:28 ? So they're turning upon which I would be the oldest in blackface.

33:32 would override that. That's the So a little bit more about these

33:44 . So this portion is a direct works. So the gas began stuff

33:51 the main memory something a principle. are these three things uh after the

33:59 into the cache line and then there's question of the other one. So

34:04 have to figure out this is member in the past. That sort of

34:11 . If it's not it's a mess then money to go and do whatever

34:16 need to do it you know first of business sitting on the surface.

34:24 so in this case because the direct it's only one location I can go

34:30 . So the only thing you need do to the rest. Yes I

34:35 to go on a trip application or can go and sit down if the

34:43 of of the pack of six years which uh so basically the last of

34:50 two I think that's part and when got a memory is also stored associated

34:57 protection they can sit in if there's different set of bids from the bag

35:04 celebration of that location then a So I don't have to look at

35:10 place and compare the attack at that in the cat. But when I

35:15 some memories yeah in the world so is simple to do and but again

35:30 not very so fully issues and judgments can go to all the places and

35:38 I just took the picture so what means in this case they have to

35:43 yeah every for all of the locations the past and take it off what

35:50 attack is obviously that is the main address associated with cash line. Uh

35:59 I have to respect all of them figure out any one of them has

36:04 the correspondent that to determine whether. that is is the work to do

36:15 of got sold as one x It takes a long time. I

36:20 to have to inspect everyone. So why people implement the action and uh

36:30 more sophisticated methods so they don't need you know having your search through all

36:36 tax for once our service but that's . So they use time as by

36:45 a lot of harder otherwise it becomes hit. That's so awesome because they

36:51 know it because again this event the time and the direct map especially until

36:58 look it up is that they're just up. It doesn't cost many

37:03 This one cost or quite sophisticated. that's why fully associated caches. A

37:11 used in particular if their charge. can be used sometimes for small.

37:15 the search set is small and then and then there's the associative and then

37:25 it's a bunch of the bits that used to determine the city except for

37:30 little example to show. So in case is kind of the middle ground

37:35 now you have to no within that Which one the tension has correspondent

37:45 Uh So in the search is not . It's for when you just need

37:50 check for locations It is a traded patients. So that's uh points that

37:59 anyone go back and look at the of examples. I did, we

38:04 like attempted before eight maybe 16 ways the form of the cash numbers Usually

38:12 level one is 4 or eight. there's that not that many locations you

38:17 to check the korean all secretaries. don't want the large number of choices

38:24 the clashes that need to be the system. Everybody. So, so

38:33 is just saying a little bit and before. So again, you

38:39 we're not going to deal with it not just say what the cache coherence

38:45 . There's a whole lot of that's to figure out everything you think on

38:53 process it. And here's just a bit about the trade offs. Mhm

39:06 I can stop us for questions that I have to come back to.

39:15 here is, you know, the things are detachment says less capacity news

39:21 because the starter and that's most likely less costly nuisance. So it increases

39:28 rate. But it also um increases time because it's more research um,

39:40 social activity again introduces the consequences because places to go through. Yeah,

39:49 was just one. So that's not good. They set associative. There

39:54 4816 graces to go to as much . So the chance that it's a

39:59 mrs longer because there are more The states of the association. It's

40:06 . It's hardly possible. Big it's the trade offs and things have

40:14 very stable in terms of first that sector should associated caches are being used

40:23 that's on the social activity. Also I said, has pretty much been

40:30 across regardless of cross surrender. It's at all. And I have some

40:37 to artesia, we're not transparent and has just begun the same trade off

40:44 thing on the sign that and the part I guess it's part so uh

40:55 stuff and ship is time consuming and consuming. Um, so that's a

41:03 while you also want to keep save trashes small and in order for them

41:10 to be everything. Every location in cash is close to the functional

41:14 So remember is typically between one and cycles to get them to have a

41:21 cash too uh, register but so are calls but if they are large

41:29 and there's a psychosis. So that's trade off and correspondingly will be energy

41:36 . Yeah, yes, this was this I guess is probably somewhere a

41:42 bit the sense of what's out Find his back on the sides whenever

41:49 processors of those Catch line sizes and on the state bond processors and here

42:01 can also see associative itty and then its hugely modest. Again, in

42:07 together. Quick kids you don't think minutes or so. So they're designing

42:16 for AIDS uh two they are succeeding possible. The theme of the number

42:26 sets constantly. So the question mark a couple of them work. Uh

42:39 the way the shared caches are done this ship is the report that's not

42:45 much passion is curved or uh a veil and rescued by his side associated

42:56 line. Yes. And so it's created exactly since two. Right.

43:06 doctor From 28 maximum.org. And uh they always want to take the #

43:20 . And even if I must advisors it was for me to get the

43:24 table B. They've still got it another there's a power through makes sense

43:33 the adhesive address responsibilities and the address want to not too far too sleep

43:40 off. So it's not clear to father. I suspect many times when

43:47 have this that interest we have Tax Cores. four cores this enough.

43:54 of course most likely to say tip just won't enable some of the

44:00 But the health reattachment students are So 100 and there are lots of

44:04 quote since record every little bit So right. Anyway let's say also

44:14 because first associative it doesn't increase much levels because you want to place three

44:21 . Uh but we got a lot sex choices too. Right.

44:31 Oh okay. So now I have little separation. Example the so there

44:46 uh I would say that. Oh as the other rubrics if everyone for

45:01 . Uh And uh 24 water addressable 16 networks. Uh huh. 46

45:14 the data site specific filler words. then God is you know it was

45:33 four Way Match Report. Best Time . Uh huh. Uh H Are

45:43 . Mhm. 64 words. Word was too light. So that's

45:52 first. Uh How these things So person to try to figure out

46:03 partitioning kind of logic partitioning all day address. So uh how many gifts

46:13 we need to to address the Not the only works are that I

46:31 do 50 60. So now we to figure out escape. Yeah I

46:51 13. I don't think so. part of you is stupid. That's

47:05 . Mr cain 18 256 is 238 the K. is 2 to

47:16 So that means 2018 days to be to even. That's every work.

47:27 . Now. Okay. Next thing not possible. How many dicks objects

47:36 than you'd be able to distinguish all words? Mhm. Yeah. Oh

48:02 how many were there was 64 I want her up to 64.

48:23 but um yeah it's four and four to to the to 82 -

48:34 16. Super four. So you due to the car. Oh

48:42 Maybe I missed. So that was for the next thing then.

48:48 I want it to go off the kids are doing that scene for the

48:55 . Now we need to figure I mean it's it's part I told

49:01 , wow. Uh do that It says uh that's fine. Was

49:12 bye. four Times Street Raise Right? The set 44 times

49:23 But that's quite well wow for each . Now, That's all. That

49:37 eight. What? So he said fine from don't have kids basically.

49:45 bite. So the economists that's on table. The biggest problem.

49:59 So okay. I'm sorry that I think he's away rights fight for

50:07 If there were two sets, that be one give about Now I was

50:13 Yes. eight times judgment years for 2016 to forget the long another time

50:21 . Yesterday, 16 sets he Sound right with the other way around

50:31 guess because 16 each one is given transfers so that states. Mhm.

50:47 man is 66. Okay. Yeah. So the thing is to

50:58 with a cash fine sites There's 1 64 works is to rights. So

51:07 1 28 5 for international. Then set at four crash lands thousands four

51:16 1 28 each. Uh sex context bucks. No. Yeah 1 28

51:33 four. Yes, Times two is 56 sometimes to again is five.

51:47 that means and then Multiply that by 1 district. So I mean there's

51:55 cents And I'm gonna be specific to 16 cents Diseases. Right? Part

52:14 the two 24816. I was What? So this is basically the

52:22 things are than this is between you six bits for the offsets for this

52:32 . That's up to the sets and rest of the thing is attacked.

52:36 you need to have to check whether are present or not not. To

52:46 simulation. So that was the first the adolescent traits on set. Oh

52:52 logic interpretation amendment at this has worked a cash business. So now I'm

52:59 little simulation. So now we decided the 16 sets to college. It's

53:06 four different tax on. So that's of the roles here and I made

53:12 the runs prove and see what Okay. So the first thing is

53:19 guess yes. Yes. Oh like . Uh No. In fact I

53:30 burst that 70 workspace and division from centre. The numbers of people have

53:37 some sides of memory accesses based on where to. Uh huh. Perhaps

53:42 was this stocks of but the reality so much so much to generate this

53:56 . So this is staying on the 64 Works and the best contact The

54:05 number of race on those 43 So 68 a number of 500 I

54:13 against it. Uh huh. So then so these panels in this case

54:23 very simple. It's just the time takes again. Goodbye. Memory and

54:31 island memorable. 10 T. Or . Is the fact that an

54:37 So that's what number in there Thanks. I think I'm so worried

54:43 . Uh huh. And the fact a contradiction be what it is and

54:55 on. It's finally before the at . It's a very 10 times and

55:02 to be loaded by lunchtime. it was a little bit kind of

55:12 uh Before nothing has happened 70 and and the first situation here uh region

55:25 flashlight. Can we build it Uh in this case the cash.

55:33 total of 64 places right for And each set And there's 16 cents

55:40 the loss of support that fits There were four more than so there

55:44 be conflict. Some people abuse well then I forgot. So that's what's

55:52 here. So look at the black in the responses it uh pursue developing

56:01 the others. So in this case comes through the second first stop and

56:07 . And for the next 16 it to the second stop and accept.

56:11 know all the forms. So it's set. Okay. But then I

56:18 this is some strands in this The oldest first to be replaced sort

56:28 the next item, the 60 this . Now there are 60. That's

56:36 . End up overwriting The First Special zero. So the last four guys

56:43 up in the 1st 4, 6 writing the music, these funds.

56:53 , and the next stop here. think this was a strange inside and

57:00 insurrection from now when you start the situation start and set their own because

57:11 know whatever the situation of sense memory . Stone goes into the first set

57:17 . But now I'll just point this the top ready, but number

57:25 oh, 64 you were that the . So that was kind of detainment

57:34 the first, but this was fine . So here here 1,

57:44 3. And then that's it. . Uh, yes, replacing coming

57:54 . Uh huh. So, so that's up there and yeah,

58:05 stand for the next After the 1st . Right then. All right.

58:15 , 36 locations. Uh huh. , it runs a baptist 48 and

58:32 there and back this part. And this is hard at all this stuff

58:42 the two normal stuff. This one on the mission. Mm hmm.

58:53 here. Cool. And that's four this planet zero. Sure. Is

59:08 for um, replacements over. And I, and this is particularly

59:19 you from me. So, and one can figure out, I

59:24 Hopefully business what? Not just in of, but this, um,

59:33 replacements happened. Uh Congratulations back that's . So uh so it was some

59:50 up but it's. Yeah. Oh a little bit. But there

59:59 Yeah. Oh come in. They like trace the call this information replacement

60:10 work. And what is your Yeah whole host we spoke was

60:21 Both the justice and social activity and policies of the work. What?

60:31 So that was about the cash part the memory system. And that next

60:36 . Doctor main memory. That's You are the simple pretty many questions

60:47 caches. Okay so sometimes you know of these assignments. Yeah sunday simple

61:02 and gold. So on. Sometimes um Do a plausible explanation by doing

61:10 simulation. No credible process center figure the social activity and fascism. Whatever

61:19 seems the possible way of doing things what things happen and maybe it explains

61:24 you see maybe because there are more events. Simple strategy but it's the

61:33 for what. Yeah. All Now talk about memory has first to

61:41 about I was integrated and then I'll about the design of me memory.

61:49 the very first thing so was so usual then since the C. Class

61:54 performances importance of a day to all us. Very good. Um So

62:04 haven't read 100 minutes. Second. a costume 1%. Yeah. Uh

62:14 . Uh huh. 200 million 1% sounds real money. 500

62:24 And there are other consumers that some of mhm Tamerlan of you are interested

62:34 the financial industry. Bank accounts and sexual delays. Yeah. Crazy.

62:45 there are fairly very sensitive references so anyone financial trading companies, they have

62:55 dedicated network infrastructure. Not just so is the ability and equipment trading across

63:03 world. Uh so mm in very amounts of in a is important.

63:13 right. So now a little bit to this thing that main memories

63:19 Um and what's being done about it talked about it about it in terms

63:23 the process is one thing most member uh it's always peace will stay in

63:30 system that and they got more and of course or the process of die

63:37 chips. So that means it can more and more data Because of the

63:44 functional units going to try to fix make exists over bottleneck. Then when

63:53 happened over time you get more and channels were started up. Again,

63:59 a question how many pins or that can get into LTD foot break.

64:06 if you have eight channels that just the data Elements agents, the forces

64:12 512 principal things or just for the to pass and that many addresses and

64:19 things for evidence. It gets into thousands in the middle of the print

64:25 or assault so I can see there's limit what you can do because it's

64:31 mechanical transfer when you get off. came onto the circuit board. So

64:36 has to have certain sizes of mechanical that is much bigger than that's

64:43 And the other part is representing Our stuff was been. Um,

64:53 right. It's a fascinating. So typical thing is for service even though

65:01 isn't around. Um, I have do something that is known as things

65:07 sure line module. So it's a circuit for as well where the memory

65:14 on it. You guys have seen things. Okay. Okay. All

65:20 . So this is just dinner. not, we, therefore the

65:28 the federation conservative. We've got five . So what does the little black

65:40 on the green background, essentially the . So they have a bunch of

65:46 and they got this. The number is black eyes or attention. That

65:54 on, in part depends on, in a bit wind and Data buses

66:01 the memory channels of today's to 64 . Somehow I want each one of

66:07 , Him to deliver 64 bits Each membership does not deliver six

66:14 uh, Dust. 4, 8 16, sometimes 30. So if

66:24 have eight kids from membership, you eight of them. The next 64

66:29 . So that's last right here. . Oh and most likely that's,

66:41 , you cannot delay first. That's picture, but most idea is memberships

66:47 office etc. Um I'm not an of the night. Remember the bottom

66:55 activity is fine. Uh That's not the authority it's not just fair.

67:03 what's different used every every system airport correctly. Cool. The standard algorithm

67:14 a single bit there correction and double action six. Sure. As you

67:23 the mothership would take it that the correct if it's a single failure and

67:29 earth to this that are corrupted local and said mr more aggressive but we'll

67:36 So by adding and nice chip you actually get no correction different 60 to

67:45 to this one anyway. So it more or someone memory my inbox about

67:57 . So rank. Summer memory is collection of temporary six that matches the

68:07 with. So how these things are put on this memory circuit courts with

68:19 as different so yeah. Mm one surf reports Does contain enough tips to

68:32 64 bits. It's known as a right? Yeah. The force is

68:41 one instance of 64. They may fact Not been opted on one

68:51 Four of them put me on one and four on the at the same

68:55 . So that's why it's still a rank for this. The double cycle

69:00 of the singles. Right? And you can also use one side for

69:08 of delivering 64 bits and also have other side of this car, The

69:13 of delivering 64. So then you two ranks on this side. Uh

69:23 that's also speak. Still depends what quarterbacks. So in total you have

69:29 sets of chips. H 100 every 40. Mhm Oh so that's kind

69:39 in terms of the packaging, it not necessarily help your performance once both

69:45 your time today. Um Right, think I've already said this thing,

69:52 then in order to come back to , but it's basically then which rank

69:57 going to, So mm the circuit that supports, you know pcs or

70:06 ? Uh There is remember channels and for a number of these themes on

70:12 member of channels, but the members only talk to one of the

70:19 So even if you may have four under them, you have to select

70:24 from your own stuff because they share member of challenge, you don't get

70:30 business than the channels, they can do 64 bits of the time,

70:33 though that they may have capable of more than 64 based on the fact

70:43 this is just a little bit exercise to potentially choose uh The width of

70:50 memory of the you want times four 8. And it depends a little

70:55 what memory capacity because typically you get else Mhm when you get to today

71:03 Obama has something that is wrong with audience And they can begin at times

71:07 times but the number of bits on . Memory die. This is independent

71:16 candidates I can put out. So is if you have someone get a

71:22 and there's times eight we need eight these two things. Think of

71:26 Uh cool if it's times four and gigabit and 10 $16. So it's

71:34 traitor. Yeah he has a little on another piece of it looks like

71:42 of the dollars in this case the three memory channels top of the line

71:48 . They for memory channels and it's that yeah two or three team starts

72:01 each channel on the surface that's not crossing that something important. Yeah.

72:10 if you want my memory is the finding all the possible it's not said

72:15 have. Uh huh. But it out if you do that you can

72:20 not run the memory channels at maximum because the electrical load is too

72:26 So that's why you end up with kind of trade off at once.

72:30 big. Uh huh. Know about but in that tends to be a

72:36 of the US. So and it matter what survive The memory that say

72:43 rated for 1:30 MHz. Uh So about three of them into the same

72:50 channel to see the U. For profit. Does it doesn't I

72:54 want to it's not going to do full. So that's why he wants

72:58 sometimes and crying and use the copy some other tool to figure out what

73:06 say and what they actually what grade for the member given the conversation has

73:10 used because it's not necessarily want specification because the spots other servers coming.

73:23 in this case you can see it company conflict really universal. Almost a

73:36 of two users to find the function the number of in the province of

73:41 . Oh okay thanks. Already said and this this is the picture on

73:47 case. That's processor use often. I think that's kind of what they

74:01 to by the time of the doctor . All right. Uh And that's

74:14 problem business. And so it depends the server board used for the server

74:22 that's uh Something you can choose. service. Uh huh. Couple of

74:30 spice in terms of that report. running signals on the board between the

74:42 over to the state there is energy and it's also somebody can affect

74:49 Okay. To turn on things but definitely affects the power that means many

74:56 a better applications. You don't use way of integrating members. You're actually

75:02 soldier is directly on to the Mhm. So this is what done

75:07 this case. So this is quite . That's where the memory chips

75:12 Uh the other people Uh huh based and there are disappears or process.

75:22 of course you lost the flexibility stuff want to upgrade your memory and sold

75:27 and go back. In terms of . You have the flexibility of considering

75:34 this modular system embed and you should use it for energy reasons. And

75:42 this is the way things are being recently in order to both retired members

75:48 the words energy consumption for using So in this case, what has

75:54 some on the right hand side of side is that interposing there's a piece

75:59 ceramic and on that piece of ceramic with both the processor, the specter

76:06 memory dice. And they actually respect right side here stop this staff work

76:13 day. All right, so and you get to talk to each other

76:19 really tiny holes uh sort of Uh Let's so the we get communication

76:29 between videos and so this is PSC through syria. Yes, but it's

76:39 funny. And because you don't need go off on the circuit board can

76:47 for wiring between the CPU and the stay. So here's a little bit

76:56 pictures emphasizing the same thing and there's little bit other reasons. So this

77:07 simple as that memory. Yeah, and uh and for the orbits and

77:14 simple and some of them the more And some of them are about 4000

77:26 fires make every dispute. That is hearted in the traffic. So Compared

77:32 the eight China's on the server 64 the film. So 4008 times as

77:42 basically wires through the main my And because it's all in package,

77:48 can also run the test. So least that's why it's not upside

77:53 The memory is both white and operating better cocker. Mm Thanks to

78:04 All right. Um and you talk this life, the government. So

78:15 is especially the thing that they are between the ranks as I mentioned.

78:22 there's only one rank at the time and communicate to the memory channels.

78:28 you have to select. Trying to , we need to send. But

78:33 , I said rankle just called tips accents so that it's right. Scientific

78:42 , regardless of many starts to you can only have big friends remembers

78:49 . So I figure it's best of rank. Where does the battery drain

78:55 ? Across meetings Or on the So I'm sorry, three days a

79:07 . So that's kind of an The host four. So and it's

79:16 else did I? Okay, so . Yes. Coming back to some

79:21 across the examples ahead before. So me Mhm more uh should be.

79:29 this is also I think a process we talked about it. So I'm

79:36 controller a good place. We have memory controller of each primary channel that's

79:43 typical uh execution academic or is normal . Uh one memory controller for a

79:59 of memories channels. And then this more of a typical server than to

80:06 in his fund Asus two. Then control us and I will stop with

80:10 side if uh the show you know to talk a little bit more about

80:20 . So this is mainly what whatever produce it needs to figure out the

80:25 since most of the time this correspondent china uh frank on this channel

80:34 Mm hmm. Right. And you to do it. So then once

80:47 is set up one Center up tips the dr then the rest of the

80:53 that's the neighbor was inside the And that's what I'm talking about.

80:58 huh turns out that Oh Iran Random access memory. It's not at

81:08 . So it's about so the performance can get from the Cold Defense very

81:14 . You also accessing them not only catch on but even how your assessment

81:21 can have a protection. Very beautiful of. So next somehow talked about

81:30 incredible. Yeah. Okay. Well . Yes. What? Why?

82:00 . What? I don't know Yeah. So construction according.

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