| 00:00 | back to what I want to look . All Right. Um going |
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| 00:05 | I want to go back and slide . Alright, so this right here |
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| 00:08 | the test average. Yeah, not the best, It's it actually was |
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| 00:13 | little bit less than last semester, it's you know, I mean last |
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| 00:18 | wasn't great either, but I mean still above passing, it's not where |
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| 00:21 | want to be, you guys should at least 60%ile, you know, |
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| 00:25 | the very minimum. And so part this is, you know, I |
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| 00:29 | as a professor, you can sit and go, why why do my |
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| 00:31 | do this? You know? And can kind of see here is that |
|
| 00:36 | are these two major peaks, Data analysis, a lot of |
|
| 00:41 | peak here, peak here. So you're really kind of to do |
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| 00:44 | it would be like this bimodal And what that kind of suggests that |
|
| 00:48 | really two populations. And so then question is, why are we getting |
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| 00:52 | down here? I mean, if expectation is to get this more of |
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| 00:57 | bell curve, why are we getting population? And so part of that |
|
| 01:02 | a lot of you guys don't know to study. If you look around |
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| 01:04 | room. Uh this class is a of 358 students, would you say |
|
| 01:10 | 358 of us are here? so part of this is students who |
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| 01:16 | come to class and they think that can learn on their own. All |
|
| 01:19 | , they can't, you know, reason we have classes is because we |
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| 01:23 | naturally inclined not to teach ourselves I mean think about anyone here like |
|
| 01:30 | work out you like it. So day when it's time to work out |
|
| 01:34 | get up and you're like yes there's There's like one out of 10,000 people |
|
| 01:40 | that actually a couple of years ago I'm just gonna kind of go off |
|
| 01:44 | this tangent here for a second a of years ago. That's when a |
|
| 01:46 | bunch of the online classes came Right? I mean you had khan |
|
| 01:51 | everyone got khan academy and then I. T. And Harvard produced |
|
| 01:55 | . I. T. And they're free classes for everybody and everyone started |
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| 02:00 | online taking classes because they're going to these courses, get certifications and everything |
|
| 02:04 | going to be awesome and the field education was going to change magically and |
|
| 02:11 | status started coming in and what it out is like three out of every |
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| 02:15 | people actually completed the course work. the success rate of completing a course |
|
| 02:22 | your self teaching was three out of 10,000. So that would be nine |
|
| 02:27 | graduate. No sorry 12 people graduating U. of H. annually. |
|
| 02:35 | so it just demonstrates we're not naturally we need someone to kind of push |
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| 02:40 | . And it's also true about working you know for most people most people |
|
| 02:45 | working out. The reason they go work out is they have someone to |
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| 02:49 | work out with. And so you of have this accountability partner. So |
|
| 02:52 | , every three days a week I wake up, damn it. You |
|
| 02:57 | , I get in my car and cold and I get to the place |
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| 03:01 | check in dammit, and then my there and I'm like, all |
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| 03:06 | this is gonna be too bad. at the end of the workout, |
|
| 03:08 | happy and I like it. And like, all right, I'm looking |
|
| 03:10 | to the next day. But every I get up, it's like, |
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| 03:13 | don't want to do this, And so part of this is really |
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| 03:19 | of first wanting to come in and that. All right? Now you're |
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| 03:23 | there probably looking at some of you in here going wait a second, |
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| 03:25 | in there and I'm in that group I'm here. So what the hell |
|
| 03:28 | you talking about dr wayne? And answer is because the other problem is |
|
| 03:34 | the course of your entire education, have never been trained how to |
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| 03:38 | right? I mean, think about . I mean, you started off |
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| 03:43 | you start off in grade school and said memorize this stuff and you're |
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| 03:46 | okay, I memorized this stuff and test comes along and I'm gonna vomit |
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| 03:49 | out on the test and you got a because everyone thinks that's the only |
|
| 03:52 | that you're allowed to earn, And then you moved along and you |
|
| 03:56 | into high school and you forgot to the assignment and then they said, |
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| 03:59 | , we feel bad for you, , we're gonna let you do it |
|
| 04:02 | over again. You remember that and got to blow things up and there |
|
| 04:06 | no challenge to you and if something work, if you missed messed up |
|
| 04:10 | the first exam, no worries. we have another 12 exam for you |
|
| 04:13 | take, right? And so basically way you do grades and stuff like |
|
| 04:18 | is kind of this meandering and also high school, the other problem is |
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| 04:21 | that you go to class every day you only cover about this much |
|
| 04:25 | So each test is fairly simple because not a lot of stuff to learn |
|
| 04:28 | then you come to college. Yeah. I already was like, |
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| 04:32 | amen right now. It's so you to college and all of a sudden |
|
| 04:36 | like I come to class twice a , right? I am told to |
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| 04:41 | a whole bunch of stuff and memorize whole bunch of stuff and no one's |
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| 04:43 | me what's really important and I've got figure all this stuff out on my |
|
| 04:48 | and this is not novel, you're the first generation to do this. |
|
| 04:52 | generation has to go through this for hour in the classroom, you're supposed |
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| 04:55 | spend three hours out of the classroom . That's where those hours come |
|
| 05:00 | Right? That's that's literally how the design is. These spaces during the |
|
| 05:06 | are meant for you to sit down study, not meant for you to |
|
| 05:09 | to the quad and drink coffee. I'm with you, I did the |
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| 05:13 | same thing. College for me was party. I loved college. That's |
|
| 05:18 | I stayed. Mm hmm. But I'm looking at it from a |
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| 05:26 | perspective now, as opposed to I'm to get through it. I'm looking |
|
| 05:29 | going, wait, wait, slow down. Let me show you |
|
| 05:30 | to do this, Right? And one of the things you have to |
|
| 05:33 | is you have to learn how to . And so the first thing I |
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| 05:36 | you guys on the very first day class, I said, if you |
|
| 05:39 | to be successful, there's a methodology how do I know this? Because |
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| 05:44 | learned it, right. I was at college, right? And I'm |
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| 05:50 | to tell you how to be good college because ultimately, you know how |
|
| 05:54 | learn and know how to study. nothing that can stop you, but |
|
| 05:58 | have to want dessert. You have say, I don't like the way |
|
| 06:01 | are going right now, I want make change. And if you don't |
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| 06:05 | to make change, that's fine. not gonna be mad at you. |
|
| 06:07 | not going to sit there and stupid student, I don't do |
|
| 06:11 | right? I want you to be . I'm going to give you the |
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| 06:14 | to be successful, but I can't the test for you. Alright? |
|
| 06:18 | , if you find yourself struggling first , come and see me. |
|
| 06:22 | Right after class I have office All right now, today I have |
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| 06:26 | test I'm giving at 11.30. if 30 students show up today after |
|
| 06:30 | , I will not be able to with all of you. I will |
|
| 06:33 | to be out of my office by . So, I can go torture |
|
| 06:37 | group of students. Alright? it's not gonna be so terrible, |
|
| 06:41 | ? But if you're sitting there I'm not getting it. I sit |
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| 06:44 | and I work and I work and and 90% of students I talked to |
|
| 06:47 | grades and studying are sitting there going worked my tail off. I'm not |
|
| 06:52 | out how come it's not working, it's always about methodology. So, |
|
| 06:57 | can get this group of students this , we can get this group of |
|
| 07:01 | that direction if you know how to . But you have to want |
|
| 07:05 | You have to change things now, to kind of give you a |
|
| 07:11 | stupid thing. Alright? So this comparing the two units. All |
|
| 07:17 | So in other words, it's taking the homeworks and all the exams and |
|
| 07:21 | kind of putting them side by side you can see what's going on here |
|
| 07:25 | you'll notice here the blue line there's a big blue line, big |
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| 07:27 | line there. So the blue is first unit, oranges, a second |
|
| 07:31 | . And you can see All I got a big one. And |
|
| 07:34 | those people disappeared someplace. But where they disappear to? Well, they |
|
| 07:39 | of went down this direction and we this big blue line here where well |
|
| 07:42 | where they disappeared to they probably went and then down in this direction you'll |
|
| 07:46 | up here on the top end there's students with the exception of that group |
|
| 07:51 | there. They got one extra Right? And so what's going |
|
| 07:55 | Well first off, if you take first exam and you do well on |
|
| 07:58 | , that gives you a sense of , doesn't it? It's like oh |
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| 08:00 | I got this isn't a problem and you can take the second and I'm |
|
| 08:03 | crap. I've never seen this stuff and that's where that happens. You |
|
| 08:07 | that dive and so that's gonna put bunch of you into panic mode. |
|
| 08:10 | panic. Panic is not a Panic is how you're going to do |
|
| 08:15 | . So what you do is you brush yourself off, look at what |
|
| 08:18 | done and said wait a second, is not working. I've gotta |
|
| 08:21 | I've got to figure out how to And that's what we can work |
|
| 08:23 | All right. But if you find going in, you know, in |
|
| 08:27 | direction kind of say, whoa, me solve this problem. Don't just |
|
| 08:33 | jumping and leaving the class. Some of these down here are students |
|
| 08:38 | have dropped the class and just haven't or ultimately have dropped the class. |
|
| 08:43 | mean, I've got like eight students have never taken a test and he |
|
| 08:46 | like, started the homework assignments and completed any of them. It's |
|
| 08:50 | Like maybe they have one grade, My grade book, I have to |
|
| 08:54 | track of them. And so that's going on down here. So, |
|
| 08:57 | kind of right now, they're pulling downward in terms of the average and |
|
| 09:01 | . But if you're still not meeting you want to be look. Homeworks |
|
| 09:05 | easy. Those are 300. That 20% of your grade. You could |
|
| 09:09 | 20% of your grade as 100 percentile you just do them and do them |
|
| 09:14 | time. All right. And I designed the class in such a |
|
| 09:18 | that I am always reviewing materials so the information gets stuck in my |
|
| 09:23 | That's the idea behind it is a trick to make you work and |
|
| 09:30 | And then ultimately the thing that you are Mhm interested in. Now, |
|
| 09:37 | interesting thing is that this curve, these numbers right here are exactly the |
|
| 09:43 | . Well there's like one number that was like that number right there |
|
| 09:47 | to last semester. So what that is is that it's this down here |
|
| 09:51 | that's kind of pulling everything. But can see now look look at |
|
| 09:55 | it's like a it drops off doesn't ? It's like everything's going to the |
|
| 10:01 | and so if you're in this if you average out your stuff and |
|
| 10:05 | like this this you are not far from passing the class, it just |
|
| 10:09 | you got to make some adjustments. you are in this group right |
|
| 10:12 | you're not far away from getting A . And if you're in this group |
|
| 10:16 | over here you're not far away from a B. And getting up here |
|
| 10:21 | an A. Is not difficult to . It's just making these adjustments because |
|
| 10:25 | much of the great do we still left in the class? Half got |
|
| 10:30 | exams and like a million homeworks I see a million, I don't |
|
| 10:36 | , 24 class I guess. 12 assignments, maybe 24 you can go |
|
| 10:42 | it up but there is plenty of to bring your grade up. But |
|
| 10:47 | you're way down here, oh you still bring yourself up but you're not |
|
| 10:51 | be happy with your grades. And so come and talk to |
|
| 10:55 | I'm not gonna tell you, oh you should stay in the class because |
|
| 10:57 | want to structure you for another two or two months or whatever it |
|
| 11:02 | If you're if you're like lost, just gonna tell you know, take |
|
| 11:05 | losses now come back, set you yourself ready and then we can you |
|
| 11:09 | come back again in another semester. . Again. What is my |
|
| 11:15 | Your success? Right? You want go to nursing school? You're gonna |
|
| 11:19 | to change some things. If you to go to dental school, you're |
|
| 11:22 | have to change some things. If find yourself down here. If you're |
|
| 11:26 | here keep doing what you're doing. it's it's working right? If you're |
|
| 11:30 | here, minor tweaks here. Got make some adjustments. Alright. That's |
|
| 11:36 | I'm asking for now. The good . Did you get a week |
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| 11:41 | Starting today? After today? The bad news is that you get |
|
| 11:46 | week off after that. So, gonna have a lecture today and all |
|
| 11:51 | information is going to go in. if you're like me when I was |
|
| 11:53 | college, your brain is not here . Is your brain here today? |
|
| 11:59 | . You know why? Why would ? I mean there is Galveston's literally |
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| 12:03 | miles away. If I really want make a fun trip of it can |
|
| 12:06 | down to South Padre, which is four hours away. You can do |
|
| 12:12 | . All right. Some of you many how many of you girls from |
|
| 12:19 | ? You're missing out on college. understand you got some people got to |
|
| 12:24 | . All right. But the problem I'm gonna teach you some stuff today |
|
| 12:27 | it's gonna be easy to forget this . So you've got to figure out |
|
| 12:30 | how do I maintain and retain the I've talked about today. The second |
|
| 12:35 | I want to point out is um was something else about this I wanted |
|
| 12:41 | say, oh, extra credit. right. Remember there is an extra |
|
| 12:47 | after each exam that will not open the 22nd. What is the 22nd |
|
| 12:56 | Tuesday next week or not? Next ? But following yeah, in two |
|
| 13:00 | . Because next week is what? do you have to do work during |
|
| 13:04 | break. No. If you have professor who's deciding you work during Spring |
|
| 13:08 | , Curse their name. Yeah, you get voodoo dolls. Yeah, |
|
| 13:13 | break is Spring break right? Don't let them do stuff like that. |
|
| 13:16 | anyway, so I did that on . I will come back and remind |
|
| 13:20 | next week about that second extra What's the purpose of that extra credit |
|
| 13:27 | ? Its assess. It's not about points. Never about the points. |
|
| 13:30 | always about the self assessing where am what did I do? Right. |
|
| 13:33 | did I We're going to do I will open up the exam Probably |
|
| 13:37 | Friday. But if I forget I open it up before the extra credit |
|
| 13:40 | then you'll have about seven or eight , maybe 10 days. I can't |
|
| 13:44 | . I think it's 10 days to that extra credit to assess what you're |
|
| 13:48 | and how you're doing it. And after spring break, if you want |
|
| 13:52 | come and see me, that's All right. I'm not trying to |
|
| 13:56 | you guys from getting into my Come and see me. Just |
|
| 14:00 | You know, if you can't come my office, that was email and |
|
| 14:02 | will try to find a time where can meet. So are there questions |
|
| 14:07 | about the exam? Of course Oh, here's one. Yes. |
|
| 14:15 | you? Yeah, yeah, Yeah. So if you look at |
|
| 14:18 | question, you're like, wait a . You said I didn't have to |
|
| 14:21 | this or if you said, this makes no sense. Or there's |
|
| 14:25 | your writing sucks or whatever it You can come and talk to me |
|
| 14:28 | if I agree with you, And most of the time I do |
|
| 14:32 | , it's like, oh yeah, right. That's, that was an |
|
| 14:34 | question. I will change the I'll give everyone the point that had |
|
| 14:37 | question right now. If it's a where it's like, you come and |
|
| 14:42 | , I don't like this question. like, Um, you're the only |
|
| 14:45 | that missed this. And I think misunderstanding the question that I'm not going |
|
| 14:49 | give you the points back. But of the time you know you're you're |
|
| 14:54 | my quality control. Right? I I have for each of these examples |
|
| 14:58 | 400 and 600 questions what is the I'm gonna screw something up? You |
|
| 15:03 | go ahead and nod and say pretty right? I mean if I get |
|
| 15:07 | questions wrong you know and you happen be the person who gets all four |
|
| 15:11 | those questions you're gonna be really angry me and I think it's okay that |
|
| 15:15 | can come and point out and say you screwed that up. Okay so |
|
| 15:19 | do. So I know that. mean I got a couple of emails |
|
| 15:21 | students was like wait a second on exam. I had this question. |
|
| 15:25 | answer choice was a then C. C. Then d. Then e |
|
| 15:29 | say what the hell? And it's we'll give you the right credit. |
|
| 15:32 | just need to fix it. So if you got the right if |
|
| 15:36 | got the right answer you don't have worry about that type of stuff. |
|
| 15:39 | the way the program works software works doesn't sit there and go oh there's |
|
| 15:44 | CS so if you pick the wrong you're going to get the wrong |
|
| 15:47 | It gives you the right credit for right answer. But anyway that's a |
|
| 15:51 | question. So again you should always willing to challenge a professor about a |
|
| 15:59 | if you know your answers right? that's okay. All right. I |
|
| 16:04 | lunch with a friend of mine yesterday's and we were laughing about pharmacy school |
|
| 16:08 | him. He said yeah there was a time where I had a test |
|
| 16:12 | where the the score that I got pharmacy school is the score I ended |
|
| 16:17 | with at the end of the at end of the semester. Because there |
|
| 16:20 | always he had said particularly as a who couldn't write a straight question to |
|
| 16:25 | his life. So all their questions yeah we're getting two points for that |
|
| 16:28 | . Yeah we're getting two points for one. So yes and you're gonna |
|
| 16:31 | to speak loudly because you're like way the back well. So so what |
|
| 16:42 | have here we have two extra credit right? For each test there's two |
|
| 16:46 | , there's one extra credit before one credit after the pre exam basically says |
|
| 16:51 | did you study? And are you ? Right. Is that how the |
|
| 16:54 | kind of do it? And it's what do you think you're gonna |
|
| 16:57 | Well Right and the answer should be yes or you're like, oh I've |
|
| 17:00 | studied this or whatever right? And , I don't care what your answers |
|
| 17:04 | . As long as you. I if you go through and go I'm |
|
| 17:06 | gonna just get my answer. You're your points one way or the |
|
| 17:08 | but the purpose of the extra credit not the point. The purpose of |
|
| 17:11 | extra credit is to self assess. second extra credit opens up after the |
|
| 17:16 | . Usually a couple of days Because I want to make sure everyone |
|
| 17:19 | an opportunity to take the exam. I can then open up the exam |
|
| 17:22 | that you guys can you then you at them and then what you're gonna |
|
| 17:25 | is when you look at your you have to say, okay. |
|
| 17:27 | thought I was gonna do like but I did like this. What |
|
| 17:32 | ? All right. Study this? , what were the questions that I |
|
| 17:36 | ? I missed questions. I didn't the answers to. Did I miss |
|
| 17:39 | that I got tricked on? You , whatever, whatever it is. |
|
| 17:43 | , there's just a series of questions . That self assessment to ask the |
|
| 17:47 | . How did you study? And you get the results that you expected |
|
| 17:51 | you did? What changes are you to make? So that you can |
|
| 17:54 | better on the next exam. That's it does. And that's what you |
|
| 17:58 | be doing naturally of every exam. shouldn't look at a score and go |
|
| 18:02 | and I took that exam and then to the next one. You should |
|
| 18:05 | ask the question, Why did I the score that I did? If |
|
| 18:08 | not the grade that you expected. ? Like post examine? Mm hmm |
|
| 18:19 | . I can try. Alright, part of this is all right. |
|
| 18:22 | so again, I can do But if I hold your hand for |
|
| 18:27 | , when do you learn how to care of yourself? Right. So |
|
| 18:30 | not saying no, but Don't count it. Right? So that's why |
|
| 18:38 | why I told you today that I this doesn't open until the 22nd. |
|
| 18:42 | so that means I have to keep track and then probably write myself a |
|
| 18:45 | in my office and oh yeah, the way, remind them. And |
|
| 18:49 | I can do that by email which just fine. I know you love |
|
| 18:52 | my emails right. One more thing the span box. Yeah. |
|
| 18:58 | Yeah. But yes, I can can certainly do that. I've got |
|
| 19:01 | other class. I have the same of thing. There's something that they |
|
| 19:03 | to do after the exam. And like after an exam they brain dump |
|
| 19:07 | just uh and they freak some of forget to do that. So |
|
| 19:12 | I will try. I can't I will I will try. |
|
| 19:17 | Any other questions. All right. , I have no idea. |
|
| 19:28 | I think it's april something. we had our first exam in March |
|
| 19:33 | two exam. In March third exam be six lectures away. So you |
|
| 19:39 | say this thursday when I come back and then it'll be a Tuesday? |
|
| 19:44 | seventh. Okay. There you April seven. And then the third |
|
| 19:48 | is May 10. Okay. And basically every six lectures, Yes, |
|
| 19:56 | . So, I know like mm . Experience. Mhm. It's like |
|
| 20:15 | false right like that you understand. , Okay. And I agree with |
|
| 20:24 | . All right. And so this this is one of the false promises |
|
| 20:29 | these types of of of generic or works, right? So when I |
|
| 20:35 | you how to study, what's the way to study? Is it to |
|
| 20:38 | and do the redo the top hats redo the achieves I told you |
|
| 20:43 | don't do that. Did I say and listen to my lectures all over |
|
| 20:46 | . Please don't do that. All . If you miss something in a |
|
| 20:50 | then go and listen to the 10 that you missed if you fell |
|
| 20:53 | Because let's face it, we're going fall asleep. All right. Go |
|
| 20:57 | and listen to that. But the to study is to self test |
|
| 21:01 | Right? And what are you gonna testing on? The stuff that I |
|
| 21:03 | about? The stuff that I talked in the lecture is what's gonna be |
|
| 21:07 | the exam. Right? I don't you to memorize the textbook. |
|
| 21:12 | That's gonna be useless to you. trying to pull out what's important like |
|
| 21:16 | today's lecture is about how does the work? Alright. And if you |
|
| 21:19 | read that chapter which you all did ? Of course you did. Just |
|
| 21:23 | your head say sure. I read all. Every word. Some of |
|
| 21:27 | going, you know, right. not gonna ask everything in there. |
|
| 21:32 | , so the purpose of those assignments to say all right, you've picked |
|
| 21:36 | information. So let's practice it a bit. And yeah, it might |
|
| 21:40 | a little bit general. It might even more specific or stuff we didn't |
|
| 21:44 | . You know, I don't write questions, you know? But it's |
|
| 21:47 | another tool. Another publisher approached me with a software that they have and |
|
| 21:52 | looked and said this is great I'd love to apply this to my |
|
| 21:56 | and give them another three hours worth work, right? But the thing |
|
| 22:00 | is like again, it would still in the same type of category. |
|
| 22:04 | here's the difference. I'm just and is I'm telling you stuff that you |
|
| 22:07 | care less about. All right. was a time when I started teaching |
|
| 22:12 | and when I was in college this how it was. If you took |
|
| 22:15 | science class, there was no you showed up, you listened to |
|
| 22:18 | lecture, you sat there attentively or . Um And then you took notes |
|
| 22:23 | then you had two exams or three . If you were lucky you had |
|
| 22:27 | exams and that was your grade. was no practice. It was |
|
| 22:32 | I've got a story information. So fact that we have homework now is |
|
| 22:35 | of nice because it means, I get to do a little bit |
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| 22:37 | practice, which is better in terms learning, even if it's not the |
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| 22:43 | . So your so your assessment is is what I'm trying to get |
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| 22:47 | But there's no way around it other let's just not do it. |
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| 22:53 | Fair enough. You wanna learn about muscles, You've got some other things |
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| 22:57 | want to get off your chest. good. Yeah, I'm with |
|
| 23:04 | Spring break is right around the You're not here. I'm not |
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| 23:08 | Okay. I'm already thinking I've got who left for Disney World this |
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| 23:13 | I got up at four a.m. I'm like Spring break has started. But |
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| 23:21 | have one lecture and I got to a test in a couple hours. |
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| 23:25 | right. And what we're going to about is we're going to talk about |
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| 23:29 | . Alright. So like I this is difficult because we're going to |
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| 23:32 | about muscles today, then we're gonna a week off if it's not hard |
|
| 23:36 | just taking a weekend and going five without learning. You know, going |
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| 23:39 | full what is that? That's almost days. 12 days until our next |
|
| 23:46 | . You're going to forget a lot this stuff. All right. And |
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| 23:49 | today is it's about the question is does a muscle actually contracts everyone I |
|
| 23:54 | you to flex, right, that went through a contraction, right. |
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| 24:02 | the truth is, is that that And there's lots of them, |
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| 24:06 | that are going to be in but primarily the bicep when you're flexing |
|
| 24:09 | that. Alright, what we're talking here is a large macro structure. |
|
| 24:14 | gonna dive down deep into the individual and we're gonna be asking the question |
|
| 24:19 | the context of that macro structure that muscle. We're gonna ask the |
|
| 24:24 | what's going on in one of those that make up that whole big |
|
| 24:29 | All right. Now, generally when we talk about skeletal muscles, |
|
| 24:33 | want to ask what is its This is the physiological aspect of |
|
| 24:36 | All right. It's basically to produce . Alright, When we talk movement |
|
| 24:41 | , we're talking about locomotion. So that's that's the primary thing. |
|
| 24:44 | that's an easy thing to remember when dealing with skeletal muscle, which is |
|
| 24:47 | we're talking about. We're primarily dealing that, but it does a whole |
|
| 24:50 | of other stuff, right? It plays a role in protection and |
|
| 24:54 | I mean, think about the abdominal . Your gut is being held in |
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| 24:58 | by muscles and it serves as a as a protective barrier for the most |
|
| 25:04 | . All right. It helps you maintain posture. It helps to stabilize |
|
| 25:08 | joints. What we just talked about we talked about articulations. Alright. |
|
| 25:12 | maintaining postures, you're sitting up right . Right? If you took those |
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| 25:17 | away, you basically just a pile bones lying down flat. Alright. |
|
| 25:23 | helped to generate heat this morning is good example of those muscles generating heat |
|
| 25:28 | you walked outside and you're like expecting beautiful spring day and it wasn't it |
|
| 25:33 | a crappy winter. Right. What you do as you got in your |
|
| 25:37 | , you sat there and you did , you're generating heat. All |
|
| 25:41 | So that heat as a result of work that the muscles do. The |
|
| 25:47 | are horribly inefficient at converting energy Most things are really horrible at converting |
|
| 25:54 | . And if you remember taking physics something similar to that when you were |
|
| 25:58 | high school um they talked about energy converted from one form to the other |
|
| 26:05 | never being lost. Do you remember ? Right? And it's like |
|
| 26:08 | that's the potential energy and kinetic energy think? But this is also true |
|
| 26:12 | it comes to just the type of . So for example when I flex |
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| 26:16 | muscle, I am turning or converting which is stored energy, that potential |
|
| 26:23 | into kinetic energy. But some of energy is being lost in the form |
|
| 26:27 | that heat. All right. And that's where this is where we're talking |
|
| 26:31 | . There's also stand energy And although are fun things that happened as well |
|
| 26:34 | we don't have to worry about with body so much. All right. |
|
| 26:38 | it also plays a role in Alright. So the easy ones is |
|
| 26:42 | think about speaking when I communicate I . But if you watch me long |
|
| 26:46 | you'll notice that I use with my a lot when I talk. |
|
| 26:50 | My wife gets really nervous when I gesticulating around her, right? Because |
|
| 26:54 | started doing this stuff so she starts of backing away because she knows that |
|
| 26:58 | a chance that my hands are gonna of smack her. Right? That's |
|
| 27:02 | I do. Watch me when I'm here, I'm like okay. But |
|
| 27:07 | other thing is facial expression, That's a huge way that we |
|
| 27:14 | right? You see me come in and I'm doing this. You don't |
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| 27:17 | to mess with the bear right You see me like this, you're |
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| 27:21 | well it's gonna be easy day or , right? So you know, |
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| 27:26 | then there's some locomotive stuff like typing writing and stuff. This is also |
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| 27:29 | communication that we have to kind of about. But facial expressions, a |
|
| 27:34 | of muscles there in terms of its locomotion as well as moving um |
|
| 27:41 | larynx. Alright. So with that mind um for those of you who |
|
| 27:48 | the A. M. P. likely in the fall if not in |
|
| 27:51 | spring, this is where you're gonna to learn all the names of the |
|
| 27:55 | in our next lecture, we'll kind talk talk about how some of the |
|
| 27:59 | are actually named. Just kind of generic sense, but there are 600 |
|
| 28:03 | and we're not gonna go through your and okay, here's your forearm, |
|
| 28:05 | your uh your upper arms on and forth. And the reason for that |
|
| 28:11 | , has to do with us sitting me pointing out a screen going, |
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| 28:15 | this stuff. That's terrible, terrible ways to teach. So, |
|
| 28:19 | than teaching you poorly, I want to understand how these cells are |
|
| 28:24 | And then when it comes time to , you can do that in the |
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| 28:27 | environment. Now, I just mentioned software, one of the things that |
|
| 28:31 | software is is basically it would allow to do that and I don't want |
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| 28:34 | do that to this class, you ? So not that you guys would |
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| 28:38 | to do it if I got the to be like the next class, |
|
| 28:41 | would be really upset with me. right, but just keep in mind |
|
| 28:46 | muscles in the body, You And when you take an anatomy class |
|
| 28:50 | this level in the lab, you're going to be learning about 200 of |
|
| 28:54 | . And they're not so terrible. basically are named on shape, you |
|
| 28:58 | , or what they're pulling on and direction they're pulling. So it's not |
|
| 29:02 | terrible. So what we wanna do we want to kind of first dive |
|
| 29:06 | and think about what a muscle Alright. And again, when I |
|
| 29:10 | you to flex what you did was flex your biceps, you relax your |
|
| 29:14 | and what that muscle that name muscle is basically a large structure wrapped in |
|
| 29:21 | tissue. And if you cut that and look at the cross section, |
|
| 29:25 | you're going to see is you're gonna bundles of cells that have been wrapped |
|
| 29:29 | connective tissue, working down all the to the individual cell level, which |
|
| 29:33 | also wrapped in connective tissue. the purpose of wrapping something in connective |
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| 29:38 | is to separate it so that it independently of the others. Or so |
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| 29:45 | you can isolate something. All And that's what each of these |
|
| 29:50 | So, here you can see we the different little levels of of of |
|
| 29:54 | tissue. Alright? So the connective holds it all together. But it |
|
| 29:58 | creates these these compartments. And so outer layer is called the outer connective |
|
| 30:04 | , diplomacy. Um All right. next layer down of connective tissue which |
|
| 30:10 | basically a series of muscle fibers. muscle fiber being a muscle cell basically |
|
| 30:16 | a bundle being held together that's called paramecium. And then you have your |
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| 30:21 | cell, the individual cell is wrapped connective tissue and what that does. |
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| 30:26 | isolates each individual cell so that when stimulating with an electrical impulse, in |
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| 30:31 | words, when an action potential comes and stimulates it. It's only stimulating |
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| 30:35 | one cell. It's not stimulating the cells. It's kind of like the |
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| 30:38 | way that you would insulate wires, ? If you have a bunch of |
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| 30:42 | wires, you don't want them touching other because the current can jump between |
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| 30:45 | copper wires. So what you do you take each one and you wrap |
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| 30:48 | in some sort of insulation. And you have a whole bunch of copper |
|
| 30:51 | touching each other because they're not actually each other. And that's just what |
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| 30:55 | connective tissues and this is called the . Alright. And the intimacy um |
|
| 31:00 | to be distinct from the plasma membrane that cell, which is the circle |
|
| 31:07 | . All right. So, you think of here's my cell, |
|
| 31:12 | That boundary of the cells, the kolyma, the plasma membrane, and |
|
| 31:15 | outside that there's a little tiny And then outside that that would be |
|
| 31:20 | the museum would be. Okay They'll miss him. Get a bunch |
|
| 31:24 | those, wrap them together. That's . Get a whole bunch of those |
|
| 31:28 | and then wrap those together. And where you get that name muscle. |
|
| 31:32 | that wrapping around it. Is that museum. Now each of these layers |
|
| 31:38 | traveling the entire length of the When we think of cells, we |
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| 31:42 | of those little tiny things that you under a microscope. But when you're |
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| 31:45 | about muscles, muscle cells are the of the entire muscle. So, |
|
| 31:51 | about your bicep. Alright, once , your biceps starts up here is |
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| 31:56 | to the bone by a tendon and it stretches along the length and is |
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| 32:02 | down here. So, when I , I can pull on that muscle |
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| 32:05 | that bone. So the cells that up the bicep are the exact same |
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| 32:12 | with the exception of the connective tissue the end. All right. And |
|
| 32:16 | that connective tissue, that tendon is extension of the diplomacy. Um The |
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| 32:22 | of the paramecium, the extension of endometrium all coming together to create that |
|
| 32:28 | to which the bone or to which bustle is attached to the bone. |
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| 32:33 | , when I contract, what I'm is I'm pulling on the tendon, |
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| 32:37 | is then pulling on the bone. does not pull directly on bone. |
|
| 32:41 | sorry, muscle didn't directly on It pulls on the tendon which pulls |
|
| 32:47 | the butt. All right. with that in mind, let's look |
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| 32:56 | this thing right here. The muscle , that's where we're gonna spend our |
|
| 33:01 | . We're not spending our time out . It's right down in here. |
|
| 33:05 | , we're gonna come back and deal this stuff later, in a kind |
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| 33:08 | a broader sense. But the focus this lecture is going to be on |
|
| 33:11 | cell. Alright, muscle fiber So, what we've done is we've |
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| 33:18 | through it. All right. this represents that mile fiber. All |
|
| 33:23 | now. Just like in the like talked about when we're talking about neurons |
|
| 33:28 | they were first discovering these things, scientists that we're looking at these things |
|
| 33:32 | naming things without understanding that the plasma of a skeletal muscle is similar to |
|
| 33:38 | plasma membrane of an act of a , which is similar to the plasma |
|
| 33:42 | of every other cell in your There's distinct things in each of them |
|
| 33:46 | it's all the same material. But gave them special names. So for |
|
| 33:50 | , we have sarko lemma, which the plasma membrane. So you just |
|
| 33:53 | remember when I see lemma, I'm plasma membrane. Alright, we have |
|
| 33:59 | sarko plasm which is basically the same for cytoplasm. Right? It's just |
|
| 34:04 | to a muscle cell. Now, a whole bunch of interesting things in |
|
| 34:09 | cytoplasm or the sarka plasma of a cell. First off we have glycol |
|
| 34:15 | a glycol as um simply is glycogen as Granules inside the muscle cells. |
|
| 34:21 | for those of you took biology you know what glycogen is, What |
|
| 34:24 | glycogen polish sack, ride a chain what glucose. All right now we |
|
| 34:33 | done that the basically the respiratory chain the metabolic chain to produce a teepee |
|
| 34:40 | this class. I don't think it's to try to make you guys memorize |
|
| 34:44 | bunch of stuff you don't need to but glucose is a sugar which wind |
|
| 34:49 | down releases energy and then that energy stored up in the form of a |
|
| 34:55 | . So if your muscles use would it be a smart thing to |
|
| 35:01 | up energy inside your muscle cells? . And there you got it. |
|
| 35:06 | why we have it there. so glycogen is a way to have |
|
| 35:10 | stored up inside a cell. The thing we have, we have |
|
| 35:16 | Now, we haven't talked in this about blood cells. Red blood cells |
|
| 35:20 | hemoglobin, hemoglobin is what binds up allows you to move oxygen around your |
|
| 35:25 | to where it's needed. These muscle are going to need oxygen to convert |
|
| 35:31 | glucose into energy. So what's a idea? Do you want to wait |
|
| 35:35 | your lungs to deliver oxygen or do think it would be a good idea |
|
| 35:38 | store some up for a rainy Store it up. Right, So |
|
| 35:43 | cells have this molecule that's similar to called myoglobin on which you store up |
|
| 35:49 | . So what that means is that muscles can begin to contract before the |
|
| 35:55 | sends its stuff. Right? That's idea here because I'm not dependent upon |
|
| 36:01 | systems to deliver things to me to me started already have what I need |
|
| 36:05 | get started. I'm going to be upon youtube. Send me stuff |
|
| 36:10 | But I'll let you catch up. I get started we have lots of |
|
| 36:17 | . We talked about mitochondria. The of mitochondria is to serve as the |
|
| 36:21 | of a cell. Right? It the A. T. P. |
|
| 36:25 | if I have the glucose in I have the oxygen in place and |
|
| 36:28 | have the the organelles in place, have a way to make the |
|
| 36:33 | T. P. That the cell gonna need. In fact the more |
|
| 36:36 | you see in a cell, the active that cell is metabolically active. |
|
| 36:41 | producing more a teepee. And so shouldn't be surprising that a muscle cell |
|
| 36:47 | has to undergo contractions and produce a of http to do so would have |
|
| 36:52 | of mitochondria. Now the weird thing that it's multi nuclear ated Alright, |
|
| 36:57 | cell has its own nucleus, wait second. Multi nuclear. What does |
|
| 37:01 | mean? Well during development, muscle start off like every other cell in |
|
| 37:06 | body. Itsy bitsy teeny tiny small . What happens is is that the |
|
| 37:11 | blast cells come together and they fuse they create these long slender cylindrical cells |
|
| 37:18 | you're now familiar with as a muscle . And so really when you look |
|
| 37:22 | one of these cells, one of things that we've been talking about that |
|
| 37:25 | the length of the actual muscle that's function of a whole bunch of cells |
|
| 37:30 | together and creating one large cell and nuclear. I hang around. So |
|
| 37:34 | why you have a whole bunch of in there. So one cell is |
|
| 37:39 | a whole bunch of cells that have up together and created one big giant |
|
| 37:42 | cell now inside the cell. And we're looking at this picture is a |
|
| 37:49 | bunch of unique things for the muscle . The muscle cells responsible for contraction |
|
| 37:56 | its size to move bones. That's function. That's the locomotion part. |
|
| 38:03 | you look at this picture, all little things in here are organelles inside |
|
| 38:08 | skeleton that allow that to happen. right. So this thing right here |
|
| 38:13 | smile fi brill is side of It's highly organized side of skeleton. |
|
| 38:18 | right. So, we're looking inside cell and we can basically see bundles |
|
| 38:22 | fibers moving in the same direction, around them. Are these little things |
|
| 38:27 | are the cartoonist here has done blue yellow. Alright. And the blue |
|
| 38:31 | yellow represent organelles that are wrapped around side of skeleton to provide them with |
|
| 38:38 | molecules they need to be able to this contraction. Collectively, these organelles |
|
| 38:45 | referred to as the triad. there's really two organelles there, one |
|
| 38:50 | L with two parts. Alright, the triad consists of something that's called |
|
| 38:54 | transverse tubules. It's usually abbreviated To bill a transverse tubules is simply |
|
| 39:01 | tube that passes from the outside of cell through the cell to the other |
|
| 39:07 | it traverses or creates a tube through . All right. And so you |
|
| 39:13 | see the tube here. But you look over here on this part, |
|
| 39:15 | the little dots. Those aren't artistic . They're trying to represent the opening |
|
| 39:20 | a transverse tubules on the surface and it passing through and that's what the |
|
| 39:25 | thing is to the other side. here it is, over there and |
|
| 39:29 | it comes around wraps around and then up on that side. All |
|
| 39:34 | now, what we're doing here is bringing the surface of the cell deep |
|
| 39:39 | the interior. All right. So just like you you have a hole |
|
| 39:44 | your body. You remember what that is, where it starts and where |
|
| 39:50 | it end? You know back Right. But it's a whole. |
|
| 39:57 | what that does is it brings the of your body deep to the interior |
|
| 40:02 | that you can digest food. That's . Here, we have a hole |
|
| 40:07 | goes deep through the cell to bring deep into the cell. All |
|
| 40:12 | now, what we're doing is we're that surface close and near to the |
|
| 40:16 | structure which is the cytoplasmic ridiculous when look at that name, it's like |
|
| 40:20 | you say that sounds like ectoplasmic articulate that is what it is. It's |
|
| 40:24 | smooth into plasma critical. Um especially to sequester way and hold onto |
|
| 40:32 | And this sarko plastic reticulated sits right next to the to the t to |
|
| 40:37 | able. so if this is the . Two beall, this is a |
|
| 40:40 | plasma particular and you can see all blue stuff in there represents the |
|
| 40:44 | R. The cytoplasm particular, The of the cytoplasmic particular, um, |
|
| 40:50 | that T tubules is called the terminal . E. Now in english, |
|
| 40:54 | that means is the end bowl. so basically you can say think, |
|
| 40:59 | over here next to the T to , that's where it's kind of bigger |
|
| 41:03 | fatter and it's able to hold stuff this is the area that's in close |
|
| 41:08 | with that T tubules. Now, I've said before, over and over |
|
| 41:12 | the class. If something is there's a reason for it. All |
|
| 41:16 | . And so whenever you see something or unique, you should kind of |
|
| 41:19 | attention and say, okay, this probably going to be important in |
|
| 41:29 | Now. The way to think about and what we're going to be looking |
|
| 41:34 | here. I'm spending the entire time about this. I could spend five |
|
| 41:38 | . Right? I could just show the pathway and say, here's what |
|
| 41:41 | . Did you guys when you were ever play a game, which I |
|
| 41:45 | was the coolest game ever when I five or 6. The game mouse |
|
| 41:49 | . I don't know who makes it Milton Bradley or somebody. Right. |
|
| 41:52 | , you guys familiar with that No, okay, some people |
|
| 41:56 | so it was the coolest game I don't think anyone actually ever played |
|
| 42:00 | because what it was, was a that was a rube Goldberg machine. |
|
| 42:05 | know what a rube Goldberg machine It's when one thing turns on something |
|
| 42:09 | that turns on something else, which on something else which turns on something |
|
| 42:12 | and it is usually a rube Goldberg like, I'm going to uh like |
|
| 42:17 | a quarter over here to catch an over there and there was like all |
|
| 42:20 | stupid steps, like paper airplanes and and candles and stuff. If you |
|
| 42:25 | cartoons, you've probably seen stuff like where jerry was trying to get a |
|
| 42:29 | of cheese and tom created this rube machine or something like that. And |
|
| 42:34 | where the game master actually came from probably somebody watching that cartoon city. |
|
| 42:37 | can make a game out of The purpose of the game was to |
|
| 42:40 | a mouse, but you had along way, you have to build this |
|
| 42:43 | Goldberg machine. I don't think, I said, I don't think anyone |
|
| 42:45 | played it to actually play the They just want to build a machine |
|
| 42:48 | you can put the marble in and it do all that stuff to go |
|
| 42:51 | everything. A muscle is like It's like a rube Goldberg machine. |
|
| 42:57 | we're doing is we're naming all the and then what we're gonna do is |
|
| 43:00 | gonna put all the parts together and just going to say, okay, |
|
| 43:02 | this happens, what are all the that lead to that final contraction? |
|
| 43:07 | all. This is all right. so what I'm doing is I'm just |
|
| 43:10 | through the parts. We've learned three so far. The next part here |
|
| 43:15 | the things that are gonna be doing contractions. These are the mile fiber |
|
| 43:20 | . Alright, so the myo fiber the sell side of skeletal elements inside |
|
| 43:26 | are called myo fi brill's. And if you tease and go down even |
|
| 43:31 | into the molecular structure, we're going refer to them as my oh |
|
| 43:36 | All right, So it's kind of your way down so yes, |
|
| 43:48 | Not yet. And the reason for is that that is not as far |
|
| 43:53 | it goes. All right. When first learn it. Yes. Action |
|
| 43:57 | Madison. But we're going to see actually much, much more important. |
|
| 44:02 | . Or the norman collector becomes important . Alright, so the maya |
|
| 44:07 | there are two parts. There's a filament in the thin filament. |
|
| 44:11 | And that's that's the first thing. right. So, if you think |
|
| 44:14 | a mile five brill, which is a bundle of these micro filaments. |
|
| 44:18 | of these filaments are big and thick thin. The thick filament is primarily |
|
| 44:23 | of maya sin. That's an easy . All right. What does my |
|
| 44:27 | look like? My son looks like bunch of golf clubs that have been |
|
| 44:30 | together. And so what you have you have this structure that is his |
|
| 44:34 | tail. And then you have this head which golf clubs don't have |
|
| 44:39 | but it looks like a golf If it's in this position. And |
|
| 44:42 | you're gonna do is you're gonna get whole bunch of these, thousands, |
|
| 44:45 | upon thousands of these and they're gonna wrapped up together so that you have |
|
| 44:50 | kind of structure. All right on that head, there are two |
|
| 44:55 | that we need to be aware There is an act in binding |
|
| 44:58 | So, that means some place on surface of the head, it's going |
|
| 45:01 | be able to interact with acting. other thing that has it has an |
|
| 45:05 | T. P A site. What tells you that it's an enzyme. |
|
| 45:09 | , you put a teepee there, gonna break 80 P. Release |
|
| 45:12 | The energy is going to do All right, so, one of |
|
| 45:17 | features of my is that it's going be able to use a TPS energy |
|
| 45:22 | something. And we have an acting site kind of gives you a hint |
|
| 45:26 | it may be involved in binding with the other molecules. The other filament |
|
| 45:33 | the thin filament. Now it's easy to say, oh look, |
|
| 45:36 | that's acting, it's not just All right, acting. Is that |
|
| 45:41 | . So, if you look at little picture here, that that alpha |
|
| 45:45 | of the golden balls there, that's acting chain. Each of those balls |
|
| 45:50 | an acting molecules. So there's actually lot of acting in there. But |
|
| 45:55 | acting, what we have is we a myosin binding site which makes |
|
| 45:59 | If there's a acting binding site on assassin, then on acting there should |
|
| 46:03 | a myosin binding sites so that they interact. The thing is is that |
|
| 46:08 | associated with those? There are two molecules. The first one is called |
|
| 46:13 | amaya season that is that little green that you see wrapped around it trump |
|
| 46:19 | my assassin. If you listen to word has a word we just learned |
|
| 46:23 | it. What word is that my ? So it's related to my |
|
| 46:27 | It's attracted to and binds to very that myosin binding site, it sits |
|
| 46:33 | the way of my assassin. It miocene from acting actually binding acting. |
|
| 46:40 | it's an impediment. It's in the we got to get rid of |
|
| 46:44 | The other molecules culture proponents Ramona proponent three parts to it and basically you |
|
| 46:50 | think of it as a hinge. first part is bound up to the |
|
| 46:53 | in the second part is bound up the pharmacy and the third part behinds |
|
| 47:01 | , we talked about it here, , not yet. Alright, so |
|
| 47:04 | I have this, if I think it like this, if I have |
|
| 47:08 | here and on top of that trope , that Troponin sits between those two |
|
| 47:13 | . I can't do them all at same time. Only two arms. |
|
| 47:16 | ? And so it kind of serves a hinge between the acting and the |
|
| 47:21 | my assassin. Now in order to a contraction, what you wanna do |
|
| 47:25 | you want to get my assassin to to act in and be able to |
|
| 47:30 | create an interaction so that you can that contraction. What's going to happen |
|
| 47:35 | is we're going to shrink the cell very early on when they were looking |
|
| 47:42 | these cells remember they didn't have electron , they didn't know what molecules are |
|
| 47:46 | . All they could do was look a microscope and kind of uh increase |
|
| 47:51 | view, right, amplify what they're at and they come across and they |
|
| 47:55 | see, wow these cells, they a whole bunch of lines. |
|
| 47:59 | we got this dark line, We a light line. We have a |
|
| 48:01 | line. We've got a slightly lighter , we have a dark line and |
|
| 48:04 | we see the reverse until we get that line again and then it repeats |
|
| 48:07 | over and over and over. Scientists we see patterns, we kind of |
|
| 48:11 | say, okay, well lets kind define what the pattern is and what |
|
| 48:15 | define here is something called the Saarc All right. And basically what it |
|
| 48:19 | is we're gonna name these lines. so the Z line represents the start |
|
| 48:24 | then we're gonna have this simple light than a darker band than a light |
|
| 48:29 | than a dark band. And then inverse the lighter band, dark |
|
| 48:32 | light bands line. And what we here is that unit is now what |
|
| 48:37 | refer to as that sarcoma here, is the functional unit of a |
|
| 48:42 | of a muscle cell. So, you think of a muscle, a |
|
| 48:46 | is made up of our muscle cell made up of multiple sarcasm ears aligned |
|
| 48:52 | the And what these represent. are these thicken these thin filaments? |
|
| 48:58 | , this is a representation of what seeing here. So, you can |
|
| 49:03 | here here's our Z line, there's Z line. You can see a |
|
| 49:06 | filament. You see a thick right? You see an attachment for |
|
| 49:11 | thick filament. You see the thick extending. Again. The beige represents |
|
| 49:17 | filament. So this is like a filament and thin filament doing this. |
|
| 49:21 | so the darker bands represent where there's lighter bands represents where there's no overlap |
|
| 49:28 | then the Z line where the defining is. That's the point of attachment |
|
| 49:32 | a thin filament and then that dark in the middle of everything called the |
|
| 49:36 | line is the attachment point for the filament. And so we just named |
|
| 49:42 | the dark parts are and where the parts are. And so we gave |
|
| 49:44 | these little initials. Right? So have this entire thing right here is |
|
| 49:49 | sarcoma here. From here to here we see overlap. The content filming |
|
| 49:55 | . That begins the A band when no overlap. Again, that's called |
|
| 50:00 | H zone and this half right there that half right there are referred to |
|
| 50:04 | the eye bands. Alright, if you want to do it this |
|
| 50:09 | , looking down here, here's my A Band H Band M H |
|
| 50:16 | Sorry H A I Z. Line lines there in the middle. Now |
|
| 50:25 | do need to know them. All . And what you need to know |
|
| 50:29 | them is that this is where these and filaments are going to be hanging |
|
| 50:34 | each other. Now there's other proteins there that you should be familiar |
|
| 50:38 | but not to the extent of like is why are these so important? |
|
| 50:41 | might get one question on this on exam maybe. Alright, so this |
|
| 50:45 | again, this is looking at So you can kind of eat |
|
| 50:48 | You can see the thin line. right. You can see the |
|
| 50:54 | You can see the triple medicine. if you look carefully there, you |
|
| 50:57 | probably find your opponent, you can the thick filament with a whole bunch |
|
| 51:00 | mice and heads wrapped each other looks a whole bunch of golf clubs that |
|
| 51:04 | bound together and then they're connected to in line. You can see that |
|
| 51:07 | thin filament is attacked the line you see over here. Same thing. |
|
| 51:13 | what do we got? We have molecule alpha act in in it serves |
|
| 51:17 | the glue that holds the thin filament the Z. Line. Alright. |
|
| 51:23 | have nebula. Alright basically it also to align acting now. The purpose |
|
| 51:29 | that is if you think about if I have this thing that's pushed |
|
| 51:32 | out in this direction, what I to do is I need to keep |
|
| 51:35 | nice and stiff and straight. I want it lagging down this way. |
|
| 51:37 | don't want it going up that The purposes if I can keep it |
|
| 51:41 | then it can interact with the other . The thick filament that's aligned with |
|
| 51:47 | . Now the thick filament is aligned held in place because it has an |
|
| 51:53 | to this molecule called hidden. Alright Tibetan is basically a spring. |
|
| 52:00 | If you contract a muscle, do want to keep it in contract |
|
| 52:04 | No you want to spring back once muscle relax, that's the purpose of |
|
| 52:08 | muscle or this this molecule. It's spring muscle or a spring a spring |
|
| 52:14 | . Alright so I can press get contraction, relax the muscle muscle springs |
|
| 52:20 | into position you know? But when contract it compresses down, stores up |
|
| 52:25 | so I can go back out. another molecule called dystrophin that sits near |
|
| 52:31 | surface of these bundles so that it some point of interaction. So, |
|
| 52:37 | , it's not just going all co record. All right, basically serves |
|
| 52:41 | an anchor. So, again, you think about the circle mirror the |
|
| 52:46 | cameras to Z lines. All So, it's a space in between |
|
| 52:50 | lines. The lines are a series proteins on which thin filaments are |
|
| 52:55 | When you look at it, you're at it like this. But if |
|
| 52:57 | turned it, you'd see that this worker network of proteins. You have |
|
| 53:01 | series of thin filaments coming out this . And then over here in the |
|
| 53:07 | you'll have in line that's a series proteins through which thick filaments are |
|
| 53:11 | If you turn it again, you proteins. So, it's just like |
|
| 53:14 | . So, there's a Z The in line, thick filaments are |
|
| 53:17 | this way. Then filaments are going way where they cross over each |
|
| 53:21 | That's a band when there's no on side, That's i when there's none |
|
| 53:25 | this side. It's a church. if you can't visualize that and have |
|
| 53:30 | to come up real quick. It's easy. Here's a visual representation wannabe |
|
| 53:37 | . Do you want to be in ? All right. All right, |
|
| 53:44 | line Z line over here. All . So, he represents the Z |
|
| 53:51 | . Right? So, there's a of proteins holding up than filaments. |
|
| 53:58 | ? And nice and stiff. Because we have al fact in in |
|
| 54:02 | here we have nebula in that's sitting between. And then over here we |
|
| 54:06 | a thick filament because he's that in there's a thick filament and when they |
|
| 54:11 | over each other over here, that's Z line. This right here represents |
|
| 54:18 | this right here represents a This right represents H here's em. And then |
|
| 54:25 | can imagine on the other side it just be the exact opposite. All |
|
| 54:30 | . So, when a contraction what we're going to see is that |
|
| 54:35 | going to be pull of the Z towards the in line and when it |
|
| 54:39 | , it goes back across. So, that's what we're going to |
|
| 54:42 | is we're going to be the seating filament, just like that. Isn't |
|
| 54:46 | awesome. You can do that at . Thanks guys. All right. |
|
| 55:01 | , we're going to put a pause that for just a second. We |
|
| 55:03 | to talk about structurally. What's going ? We have what is called a |
|
| 55:07 | unit. A motor unit represents a neuron and the muscle fibers. The |
|
| 55:14 | that they innovate a motor unit can one cell. Alright, so one |
|
| 55:19 | . one sell. It could be neuron And 100 cells. Alright. |
|
| 55:24 | , depending upon where you're looking, going to see different sized motor |
|
| 55:28 | All right. If you're doing delicate ? Give me an example of delicate |
|
| 55:34 | . What do you think delicate activity be picking up a pen? How |
|
| 55:38 | writing with a pen? That's even . Right. That little fine motor |
|
| 55:43 | that you're doing right? There would an example of delicate activity. When |
|
| 55:47 | doing delicate activity. You want to lots of motor units that you can |
|
| 55:51 | so that you can bring many in at the same time or you can |
|
| 55:55 | one doing this one doing that so and so forth. So, you |
|
| 55:58 | greater variability in terms of activity? , course activity would be something like |
|
| 56:05 | basically you want big motor units so you can create great force and that |
|
| 56:09 | can create great activity. Alright. there's not find a refinement to |
|
| 56:15 | An example of this if you are with. Um Well, again, |
|
| 56:21 | guys are all ipods and iphones and phones Alright. Again, with the |
|
| 56:26 | . You know, if you could a cheap uh speaker system, you'll |
|
| 56:31 | volume that goes like 123 up to . Right? But if you get |
|
| 56:36 | if you're an audiophile and you get one of those really fancy amplifiers, |
|
| 56:40 | go up 123 all the way up 100. Right? And what are |
|
| 56:44 | doing? They're basically taking the same and they're just chopping it into smaller |
|
| 56:49 | . Yes, sir. Yes. , what you're gonna see when you |
|
| 56:58 | the word contraction? All right. me just back up here. |
|
| 57:02 | when you hear the word contraction, think of these fibers drink? |
|
| 57:08 | Well, the cell shrinks, but five grills. And so what we're |
|
| 57:12 | see here in just a moment. if we're going to see what is |
|
| 57:16 | the sliding filament theory. So the themselves say the same length. But |
|
| 57:20 | you're pulling you're bringing the sarcoma is together. So the filament isn't shrinking |
|
| 57:25 | like their arms didn't shrink. They got closer together. They're sliding against |
|
| 57:29 | other. So. Yes, I'm trying 18. Yeah. I |
|
| 57:39 | don't wanna give away the story just . So, I want to answer |
|
| 57:43 | question. But can I hold on and if I don't answer it then |
|
| 57:46 | can say you suck dr wayne and back and answer my question. Is |
|
| 57:50 | okay? All right. So just it. There's a reason for that |
|
| 57:56 | you're going to see here, it's necessarily what you think in terms of |
|
| 58:02 | . All right. Alright. So you're thinking of a motor unit, |
|
| 58:07 | of it's all the fibers that are with that single neuron. Alright. |
|
| 58:14 | other thing I'd point out here is the fibers in a motor unit are |
|
| 58:17 | clustered. Right? So if all let's just pretend I have a motor |
|
| 58:21 | over on this side. Right, of being equally dispersed between all the |
|
| 58:26 | in my bicep. If I contracted muscles in that motor unit, it |
|
| 58:31 | actually pull wherever those muscles are So they all happen to be on |
|
| 58:35 | side of the larger muscle than the would contract in that direction. And |
|
| 58:40 | don't want to do that, you the muscles to all pull so that |
|
| 58:43 | distribute the force that they're actually So for a muscle five or four |
|
| 58:49 | unit, you might say there's a over here, sell over here, |
|
| 58:52 | over there so that they're equally pulling ECU addition from each other to create |
|
| 58:57 | force that they're trying to generate. kind of makes sense, sort of |
|
| 59:02 | right now, a contraction in the , it's called a twitch. |
|
| 59:09 | When you think of a contraction, think of this, That is not |
|
| 59:13 | twitch. That's an actual muscle That is a combination of a bunch |
|
| 59:18 | twitches that you can't visually see. , a twitch is not what your |
|
| 59:24 | does when you tell them bad right, That's a twitch. But |
|
| 59:29 | what we're talking about. A twitch what we refer to as a contraction |
|
| 59:33 | the circle here and there are thousands thousands of sarcoma areas. So, |
|
| 59:37 | difficult to actually see an individual An individual twitch. All right |
|
| 59:45 | ultimately to create a contraction, we're to have to start at the neuro |
|
| 59:51 | junction, which is just a fancy for saying where a neuron synapses with |
|
| 59:55 | muscle fiber we learned about the synapse the last unit and the reason you |
|
| 60:01 | now see it's like oh now it sense why you brought that stuff up |
|
| 60:04 | because we're talking about it here and going to talk about it again when |
|
| 60:08 | go into the nervous system. So we have is we have the |
|
| 60:12 | this is the synaptic knob, the underneath on the muscle cell. The |
|
| 60:17 | cell is referred to as the motor plate. Okay, it's just a |
|
| 60:22 | word for saying the area underneath the knob. Alright, and then we |
|
| 60:26 | the synaptic clap. Now the neurotransmitter gonna be released here is always |
|
| 60:31 | always, always, always a set Colin. Okay, do you remember |
|
| 60:36 | we said neurotransmitters? This is the , this is what we have to |
|
| 60:40 | . And the reason we have to because this is where we first discovered |
|
| 60:43 | in voila center calling. Alright, the receptors here are so acetylcholine receptors |
|
| 60:50 | acetylcholine binds that it opens up an gate which is a sodium channel which |
|
| 60:55 | sodium to come in inside the synaptic , that's where we have a seat |
|
| 61:03 | colonist arrays. And that's the one where we said we have the enzyme |
|
| 61:07 | basically plays the worst game of red ever. So I see the coin |
|
| 61:11 | released, the administration's sitting there trying chew things up as fast as being |
|
| 61:15 | . That acetylcholine that gets across binds a receptor will open up a |
|
| 61:21 | Now, what will happen is is we're producing in that muscle cell and |
|
| 61:26 | potential. So to distinguish this we have an action potential in the |
|
| 61:30 | that causes calcium to go into the synaptic knob which causes the release of |
|
| 61:37 | . Acetylcholine then travel across that synaptic , binds to its receptor, opens |
|
| 61:43 | the channel, allows sodium to come . And what we're gonna do is |
|
| 61:47 | going to produce an action potential in muscle fiber. So, it's noticed |
|
| 61:52 | two different cells to different action There's something going on in between |
|
| 61:59 | That action potential serves as a signal cause the contraction. So the action |
|
| 62:06 | , the signal that's going to travel the length of the cell that's going |
|
| 62:09 | cause that muscle cell to undergo its . All right. So, it's |
|
| 62:14 | the same thing and you can even here. So, here's the action |
|
| 62:18 | . It precedes the actual potential in motor neuron precedes the actual potential which |
|
| 62:26 | the contraction. Alright, so one a signal for the other which is |
|
| 62:31 | signal for the third. The contraction the response to the signal. All |
|
| 62:38 | , now that twitch like I doesn't do much, you have to |
|
| 62:42 | them up together to get them to do stuff. So, when you're |
|
| 62:46 | about this, I've just done thousands thousands of twitches in order to get |
|
| 62:51 | muscle to contract. All right. , they are additive our action potentials |
|
| 62:58 | . What did we learn? Action you say? Yes, you say |
|
| 63:02 | . Who wants to vote? Exponential, additive, actual potential. |
|
| 63:08 | additive. Sorry, man. And . They're not remember. That was |
|
| 63:13 | of their features. Is that they as a signal and they code themselves |
|
| 63:17 | their frequencies. All right. But can add the contractions together. |
|
| 63:24 | if I get a whole bunch of potentials, I can get a whole |
|
| 63:27 | of twitches, get them close enough . Then what do I get a |
|
| 63:32 | contraction? And that's what we're seeing . This is what is way of |
|
| 63:40 | . So, what we're looking at not actual potential. We're looking at |
|
| 63:43 | . So, you can imagine if was in there stimulating each of those |
|
| 63:46 | represent stimulation. It's like boom, , boom, boom boom. I |
|
| 63:49 | add them up and if I can I keep them close enough together, |
|
| 63:53 | can actually create tension. All That tension that sustained contraction is called |
|
| 64:02 | . Tetanus is also something you get you step on a rusty nail while |
|
| 64:06 | in a Yeah. And then you it's a pathology. All right |
|
| 64:10 | there's a reason. It's called The primary ideology. The thing that |
|
| 64:15 | when you step on that rusty nail don't get it taken care of is |
|
| 64:19 | get lockjaw. What is lockjaw? sustained construction of these muscles right |
|
| 64:26 | Can't Donington tetanus. All right, , smooth, sustained contraction. That's |
|
| 64:39 | when I contract and sustain it. the force of a contraction is accomplished |
|
| 64:48 | recruitment. What that means is is have muscles, muscle cells that are |
|
| 64:55 | working to accomplish whatever the job If I want to lift this |
|
| 64:59 | we can say this probably doesn't weigh much. Would you agree? |
|
| 65:03 | And so I can put it in hand and I can use my bicep |
|
| 65:07 | curl this. Do you think I'm need a lot of muscles to curl |
|
| 65:10 | , lightweight? No, the muscle I don't need a lot of |
|
| 65:13 | But what about this? Using the muscle? Would this way a little |
|
| 65:17 | more? Right, So, I have to recruit more muscle cells in |
|
| 65:22 | to produce the force to overcome the of the cup and I can keep |
|
| 65:27 | that. This is where it gets because I've got tendonitis. So, |
|
| 65:33 | see if I can still do All right, Alright, I can |
|
| 65:39 | this as well. All I did recruited more muscle cells. Could I |
|
| 65:44 | it with that table over there? , not me. But Right. |
|
| 65:49 | mean, if it's weight wise, could probably do, but just by |
|
| 65:53 | , it's probably not functional. But it's just the same muscles. |
|
| 65:57 | I'm doing is recruiting more and more more motor units in order to get |
|
| 66:00 | same muscle to contract to overcome the and greater load. You don't use |
|
| 66:06 | of your muscles that it took. example, lift that or to lift |
|
| 66:11 | to live this. So the muscle in that muscle are being recruited to |
|
| 66:16 | the job that's needed to be Okay. As we said, muscles |
|
| 66:25 | a motor unit on our cluster. that what that's gonna do is going |
|
| 66:27 | make sure that the muscles functionally doing as I'm doing work those muscles are |
|
| 66:33 | to get fatigued. So, presuming I have a smaller load, what |
|
| 66:39 | can do is I can rotate through motor units to sustain a contraction. |
|
| 66:45 | , for example, if I'm to here and hold this out like |
|
| 66:49 | you can imagine the muscles that are to maintain my arm out in this |
|
| 66:53 | can get we'll get tired. But what will happen is like, All |
|
| 66:57 | , well, I'm gonna bring in different motor unit that's not fatigued to |
|
| 67:02 | this position. But if I want do it with this chair, I'm |
|
| 67:12 | more muscle fibers. Right? So getting tired and then there's nothing to |
|
| 67:18 | them. So my arm is going get tired and that's fatigue, |
|
| 67:24 | Basically, I can't sustain the contraction there's no motor units to recruit. |
|
| 67:30 | right, the way your body It starts recruiting the fatigue resistant muscles |
|
| 67:36 | because it has no idea what type job that muscle is being asked to |
|
| 67:42 | . So you first start going through muscle fatigue resistant muscles and then eventually |
|
| 67:47 | happens is like, alright, we finally recruit the ones that are gonna |
|
| 67:52 | fast and that's when it's like that little burst and then you're done. |
|
| 67:56 | right, So there's a process when talking about the muscle contraction, it's |
|
| 68:02 | recruiting motor units, bringing in as motor units as you need in order |
|
| 68:06 | overcome the load. That's the work it needs to do and then rotating |
|
| 68:12 | a series of of recruitment to ensure you can sustain the contraction. And |
|
| 68:18 | when fatigue sets in, then muscles stop contracting and your cheesecake and beefcake |
|
| 68:27 | the day basically refers to muscle Alright. Muscle tone is simply the |
|
| 68:33 | to maintain a continuous and passive When you look at these physiques and |
|
| 68:39 | see this go, oh, I that washboard, right? Or I |
|
| 68:44 | that bicep or whatever it is. you're really saying is I appreciate the |
|
| 68:50 | of that muscle which is in a contraction. It's passive when you work |
|
| 68:55 | , that's what happens, the muscle to contract on its own and maintain |
|
| 69:00 | without any excessive work. Now this is important for a whole bunch of |
|
| 69:06 | . It's not just good to look , basically, it's good to look |
|
| 69:08 | because we've been trained over history over evolution to look for healthy people, |
|
| 69:14 | people have healthy muscle tone. But the purpose of that really is |
|
| 69:20 | , balance and preventing injury. If have tone, you're less likely to |
|
| 69:25 | injured when you hard work. All . So someone like me gets tendonitis |
|
| 69:33 | I'm not in good shape relative to . All right, now, the |
|
| 69:42 | thing that tone is gonna be determined the structure of the muscle. When |
|
| 69:46 | look at the shape of a that that shape gives rise to that |
|
| 69:50 | unique look now, you're active and muscle tone. So, if you've |
|
| 69:57 | worked out and you go and work and you come back home and you're |
|
| 69:59 | to take your shower and you look there and you're like dang, I |
|
| 70:01 | pretty good. That's because you just out that muscle and it basically is |
|
| 70:08 | in that sustained contraction state. All , So that means you have a |
|
| 70:13 | number of other units at rest. muscle has an ideal length. If |
|
| 70:21 | stretch it too much basically what you've . And if you can imagine what |
|
| 70:25 | thinking, you're thin filaments. If stretch too much, you have less |
|
| 70:30 | trying to pull two things that don't a lot of overlap, it's very |
|
| 70:33 | to do. You gotta reset the in order for you to get the |
|
| 70:36 | If you jam things together, can contract any further than that? Can |
|
| 70:39 | push my fingers closer together? So if if I've over contracted, |
|
| 70:44 | less contraction that can be done. there's this ideal length for everything and |
|
| 70:49 | referred to as the length tension Alright, So basically there's the resting |
|
| 70:55 | . Anything within 80 to 20 120% that is good. And everything outside |
|
| 70:59 | that is overstretching or over contraction. so you don't do what you need |
|
| 71:05 | do. So, we have like minutes and I'm getting back to where |
|
| 71:11 | started. Okay. I spent a of time talking about the tests and |
|
| 71:16 | and that's okay. All right. I want to do now is I |
|
| 71:20 | to take those parts. Remember the parts we had the triad. |
|
| 71:25 | And we talked about the mile filaments their parts. And what we're gonna |
|
| 71:29 | , we're gonna put them together and going to say, how do we |
|
| 71:31 | this contraction? How does this All right. And it's actually pretty |
|
| 71:40 | . All right. There are basically steps. There's gonna be stuff that's |
|
| 71:43 | up here at the neuro muscular There's gonna be stuff happening at the |
|
| 71:47 | . And then there's gonna be stuff at the maya filament. So, |
|
| 71:51 | are the three basic areas where we're be looking. So let's start in |
|
| 71:54 | first area. All right. They're at the neuro muscular junction? The |
|
| 72:00 | right here after potentials travels down causes opening of calcium channels. Calcium gets |
|
| 72:07 | the synaptic knob that causes the the containing acetylcholine to move to the end |
|
| 72:14 | the synaptic knob to release the acetylcholine the synaptic cleft which binds to the |
|
| 72:20 | on that uh neuro muscular junction at motor inn plate. There are enough |
|
| 72:29 | that an action potential here results directly an action potential there. Alright, |
|
| 72:34 | are no greater potentials and muscles, get action potentials. It's a 1-1 |
|
| 72:39 | . And so that action potential is to be produced and then it's going |
|
| 72:42 | just travel along the surface of the . The T tubules is the surface |
|
| 72:47 | the cell. So not only is acts potential traveling on this way, |
|
| 72:51 | also going to travel down the Okay. And inside those tubes, |
|
| 72:57 | we're going to see is we're going see special receptors. Alright, they're |
|
| 73:02 | D. H. P receptors. there voltage gated. So they're responding |
|
| 73:07 | the action potential. And what they're is they open up and allow calcium |
|
| 73:12 | come into the cell. All They're associated with a channel that's attached |
|
| 73:19 | that terminal cistern E. These are riot dine receptors. So the |
|
| 73:23 | Y. R. Is what that right in receptor. So you have |
|
| 73:27 | receptor that's associated with another receptor. open this one the D. |
|
| 73:32 | P. It causes a change in membrane potential and causes the opening of |
|
| 73:38 | channel and then calcium that is sitting that's terminal sister anne begins rushing out |
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| 73:44 | the cell or rushing out of the in particular into the cytoplasm of the |
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| 73:49 | . That's step one. All What we're doing is we're using an |
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| 73:53 | potential to cause calcium to flood into cell. And where was the calcium |
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| 73:58 | up psycho plasm particular um specifically in terminal cistern. All right. |
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| 74:06 | the purpose of the T tube, get an actual potential down to the |
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| 74:11 | cistern e purpose of the terminal cistern store up calcium. The purpose of |
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| 74:15 | act potential Make those two things So the calcium goes into the side |
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| 74:21 | plaza. Now, a contraction is dependent upon ATP Alright. We think |
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| 74:31 | teepee energy get my contraction hp. important. We're gonna learn why in |
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| 74:36 | a minute. But the reason the , the whole the important thing about |
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| 74:42 | contraction is it's dependent upon the presence calcium. If you get calcium into |
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| 74:48 | muscle cell, what will happen is calcium binds to that troponin molecule? |
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| 74:53 | ? Remember that's the hinge. when you get calcium to bind that |
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| 74:58 | causes the hinge to to to change . And what it's gonna do is |
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| 75:02 | hinge pulls on the trope amaya Sin is covering up the myosin binding site |
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| 75:08 | acting basically, it's sitting in the preventing miocene from interacting with acting and |
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| 75:14 | pulling it out of the way now have an ability for Miocene interact with |
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| 75:18 | acting. So calcium binds Troponin which on triple medicine. You no longer |
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| 75:25 | anything blocking the interaction between the active the myosin molecules. All right, |
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| 75:32 | what happens is Myson binds. Now can see in this there's a whole |
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| 75:35 | of stuff going on here. But is really the key thing here here |
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| 75:38 | is blocking calcium binds, pulls it of the way my son and now |
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| 75:43 | able to bind up. So actually and interact when acting and mice and |
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| 75:50 | . What's going to happen is is you have something that is kind of |
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| 75:54 | a cocked position. It interacts and it touches acting, it pulls on |
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| 75:59 | and moves the acting filament towards the line. All right. Now, |
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| 76:06 | I pull on something and I want keep pulling if I'm using think about |
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| 76:10 | rope. What do I have to If I have a rope? I |
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| 76:12 | my hands on the rope. I what do I want to do if |
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| 76:15 | want to keep pulling that rope towards . Uh huh. I have to |
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| 76:21 | go of it, don't I? stop that? I have to pull |
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| 76:25 | it and then I let go taking other hand, grab it again, |
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| 76:30 | and just keep redoing it right over over. If I let go of |
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| 76:34 | that has a spring attached to the it's going to go fly in the |
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| 76:39 | direction. Right? So the first is I have to have alternating myson |
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| 76:43 | doing that just like I was pulling over hand. Alright but I have |
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| 76:48 | let go. This is where a comes in at P. Is required |
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| 76:55 | necessary to allow for the miocene and acting to separate from each other. |
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| 77:02 | . No A. T. You get no separation. Alright this |
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| 77:05 | what is called the power stroke. if you look at this picture doesn't |
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| 77:09 | where you start but we're gonna start the attached state. It's the easiest |
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| 77:12 | to start says look what happens is teepee comes along and binds to the |
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| 77:17 | head. Remember what we have as of the minus ahead is an 80 |
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| 77:21 | . Ace site. Right? In words the place where I can cleave |
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| 77:25 | teepee and release its energy. So that happens when A T. P |
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| 77:29 | it releases it from the active Now what will happen is is that |
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| 77:36 | that will cause the tps to work release its energy and what was in |
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| 77:40 | cocked position or in a in a position goes and moves into a cocked |
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| 77:46 | . Alright so my interaction is when in the cock position. If I've |
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| 77:50 | pulled I'm not gonna do any further . So what I've done is is |
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| 77:55 | released and then reset the acting. if calcium is available, I can |
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| 78:01 | go and re bind to the acting pull again. ATP comes along releases |
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| 78:06 | resets. So what I'm using here I'm using a T. P. |
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| 78:11 | the trigger to allow me to release so that I can pull on it |
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| 78:17 | . How do I remember this? you ever heard of rigor mortis? |
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| 78:22 | , you heard of rigor mortis? heard of it. You know, |
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| 78:25 | mortis is get a corpse and you and play with the corpse is a |
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| 78:29 | limp and easy to move. It's . Right? That's why we use |
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| 78:34 | horrible acronym, we call a corpse stiff because all the muscles are in |
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| 78:40 | contracted state shortly after death. Why it happen? Well, the cells |
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| 78:47 | in them a certain quantity of All right. No action potentials. |
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| 78:53 | caused no energy to allow calcium be of sequestered away, calcium leaks out |
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| 78:58 | the cell and creates a whole series contractions. A teepee is there to |
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| 79:02 | , okay, I'll keep doing Keep releasing you. So you get |
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| 79:05 | whole bunch of contractions. And then next thing you know is now you |
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| 79:09 | a muscle that's stuck in the contracted because once the ATP's gone, there's |
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| 79:13 | to release it. So it stays . Hence the stiffness. Now, |
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| 79:17 | is where I tell the story. grandfather told me. I do not |
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| 79:20 | if it's true, but I have take it as face value. |
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| 79:23 | Because grandpa never lie. He said he was 18 years old, during |
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| 79:28 | know, a long time ago he in the mortuary and he was serving |
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| 79:32 | the night watchman. I'm sure he this from like a three stooges |
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| 79:36 | He said he was there and at and one of the corpses sat up |
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| 79:42 | the middle of the night because of rigor mortis. Of course he said |
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| 79:45 | just got out of there and never back. Mhm. All right. |
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| 79:50 | that's how you can remember that Did I answer the question as a |
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| 79:58 | to bring it right back into So, so so when you |
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| 80:03 | when you let go, when you sending that action potential then that you |
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| 80:08 | relaxation calcium gets pulled away. Trying see if that's the next step. |
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| 80:13 | know we got to get out of . So calcium gets out of the |
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| 80:17 | , get sequestered away. And so is there to cause the binding. |
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| 80:20 | the tibetan serves as a spring to yourself to go back to the original |
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| 80:25 | . Yeah. And that's what the slide is. And what we'll do |
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| 80:28 | we'll come back and we'll deal Well, I really want to deal |
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| 80:33 | this because it just goes together. right. So think about the position |
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| 80:38 | of what we had up here. ? When a contraction occurs, you're |
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| 80:41 | Z lines toward the in line. ? We saw the sliding. And |
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| 80:46 | when you look at these these you can ask the question, |
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| 80:49 | what do these bands represent? remember a bands represent overlap. So |
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| 80:54 | a band stays the same length because filaments themselves don't shrink. What shrink |
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| 80:59 | the distance between where the end of thick filament is and where the |
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| 81:03 | Line is. So the eye band shorter. As I pull the Z |
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| 81:06 | closer to the in line. Similar the H zone represents just where the |
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| 81:10 | filament is. But as I pull Z line, that thin filament moves |
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| 81:14 | the in line. So the space gets smaller. So the H band |
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| 81:19 | shorter as well. All right. so when you're thinking about a |
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| 81:23 | it's not the cell or it's not filaments that are getting contracted. They're |
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| 81:29 | the same length. It's the cell the saarc amir's within those cells that |
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| 81:34 | contracting. That is one of the points. So, I know it's |
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| 81:39 | to be easy to turn your brains . I encourage it. Please |
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| 81:43 | But remember when we come back this is going to need to be right |
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| 81:47 | front because this is where we're going start was with this when you get |
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| 81:52 | and then we'll keep running through the 36. Move |
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